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The study of di-Higgs events, both resonant and non-resonant, plays a crucial role in understanding the fundamental interactions of the Higgs boson. In this work we consider di-Higgs events decaying into four b-quarks and propose to improve the experimental sensitivity by utilizing a novel machine learning algorithm known as Symmetry Preserving Attention Network (Spa-Net) — a neural network structure whose architecture is designed to incorporate the inherent symmetries in particle reconstruction tasks. We demonstrate that the Spa-Net can enhance the experimental reach over baseline methods such as the cut-based and the Dense Neural Network-based analyses. At the Large Hadron Collider, with a 14-TeV center-of-mass energy and an integrated luminosity of 300 fb−1, the Spa-Net allows us to establish 95% C.L. upper limits in resonant production cross-sections that are 10% to 45% stronger than baseline methods. For non-resonant di-Higgs production, Spa-Net enables us to constrain the self-coupling that is 9% more stringent than the baseline method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Symmetry is a fundamental concept in physics, and recent research has shown that it can also play an important role in materials science, although the term may have different meanings in the two fields. The advent of low-dimensional materials provides opportunities to manipulate their properties through symmetry engineering, opening up new avenues for theoretical research and advanced device development. This review summarizes the application of symmetry from particle physics to material systems and highlights the latest research progress in symmetry breaking engineering of low-dimensional materials. [Display omitted] Symmetry is a significant concept that has played a fundamental role in various fields of science, including particle physics, condensed matter physics, and materials science. Symmetry has contributed to the advancement of our understanding of phenomena such as the discovery of new particles, spintronics, superconductivity, and the modulation of material properties. The principle of symmetry continues to guide progress and unification across various scientific disciplines. The emergence of low-dimensional materials (LDMs) has significantly expanded the materials landscape, enabling potential for the modulation of their properties through symmetry engineering. This has opened up new avenues for theoretical research and advanced device development. This review summarizes the application of symmetry in different materials systems and highlights the latest research progress in symmetry breaking engineering of LDMs. The benefits of incorporating symmetry principles from physics into materials science are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Janus particles, which have an attractive patch on the otherwise repulsive surface, have been commonly employed for anisotropic colloidal assembly. While current methods of particle synthesis allow for control over the patch size, they are generally limited to producing dome-shaped patches with a high symmetry (C∞). Here, we report on the synthesis of Janus particles with patches of various tunable shapes, having reduced symmetries ranging from C2v to C3v and C4v. The Janus particles are synthesized by partial encapsulation of an octahedral metal-organic framework particle (UiO-66) in a polymer matrix. The extent of encapsulation is precisely regulated by a stepwise, asymmetric dewetting process that exposes selected facets of the UiO-66 particle. With depletion interaction, the Janus particles spontaneously assemble into colloidal clusters reflecting the particles' shapes and patch symmetries. We observe the formation of chiral structures, whereby chirality emerges from achiral building blocks. With the ability to encode symmetry and directional bonding information, our strategy could give access to more complex colloidal superstructures through assembly. Janus particles commonly exhibit a high-symmetry patch, constraining the range of possible assemblies. Here, the authors devise a synthetic approach to fine-tune the patch symmetry in Janus particles and showcase the assembly of these particles into chiral colloidal clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the twisted covariant form hierarchies (TCFHs) of warped (massive) IIA AdS backgrounds. As a consequence we demonstrate that all Killing spinor form bilinears satisfy a generalisation of the conformal Killing-Yano equation with respect to the TCFH connections. We also explore some of the properties of TCFHs which include the reduced holonomy of the minimal TCFH connections for generic backgrounds. Furthermore, we investigate the interplay between TCFHs and hidden symmetries of probes propagating on IIA AdS backgrounds. We find that some of the Killing spinor form bilinears of near horizon geometries of a class of IIA intersecting brane configurations are Killing-Yano forms and so generate hidden symmetries for spinning particle probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the TCFHs of all AdS backgrounds of 11-dimensional supergravity and explore some of the properties of the associated connections. Therefore, we demonstrate that all Killing spinor bilinears satisfy a generalisation of the conformal Killing-Yano equations with respect to the TCFH connection. In addition, we explore the hidden symmetries of spinning particle probes propagating on these backgrounds. We give several examples of hidden symmetries for probes on the maximal supersymmetric AdS backgrounds as well as on some AdS backgrounds that arise as near horizon geometries of intersecting M-branes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the twisted covariant form hierarchies (TCFHs) on the internal spaces of all type IIB warped AdS backgrounds. As a result we demonstrate that the form bilinears on the internal spaces satisfy a generalisation of the conformal Killing-Yano equation. We also explore some of the properties of the TCFHs, like for example the holonomy of the TCFH connections. In addition, we present examples where the form bilinears generate hidden symmetries for particle probes propagating on the internal spaces of some AdS backgrounds. These include the maximally supersymmetric AdS5 solution as well as some of the near horizon geometries of intersecting IIB branes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of properties of physical systems and molecules are derived from the character and interaction of their constituent atoms. The symmetry of these interactions provides significant insight into the form and quality of resultant properties such as polarizability, dipole moments, and elasticity. In order to better utilise symmetry as a tool within science, here we introduce four novel methods of symmetry analysis as part of the Irregular Particle Symmetry Analysis software (IPSA). The IPSA software package presents a framework for examining continuous symmetry and group theory under a consistent structure, enabling a unique insight into how the geometric symmetry of atomic structures may be examined and quantified. The methods presented within this paper are practical procedures for characterisation and low-cost additions to existing examinations of materials and molecular properties with a wide range of applications, including areas such as electronic structure estimation, calculation simplification, geometry classification, analysis of dynamics, spectrographic interpretation, and property prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the twisted covariant form hierarchies (TCFH) of type IIA and IIB 10-dimensional supergravities and show that all form bilinears of supersymmetric backgrounds satisfy the conformal Killing-Yano equation with respect to a TCFH connection. We also compute the Killing-Stäckel, Killing-Yano and closed conformal Killing-Yano tensors of all spherically symmetric type II brane backgrounds and demonstrate that the geodesic flow on these solutions is completely integrable by giving all independent charges in involution. We then identify all form bilinears of common sector and D-brane backgrounds which generate hidden symmetries for particle and string probe actions. We also explore the question on whether charges constructed from form bilinears are sufficient to prove the integrability of probes on supersymmetric backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide a detailed discussion on the electromagnetic modeling and classification of the polarization converting bianisotropic metasurfaces. To do so, we first present a general approach to compute the scattering response of such metasurfaces, which relies on a generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs)-based susceptibility model. Then, we review how the fundamental properties of reciprocity, energy conservation, rotation invariance, and matching may be expressed in terms of metasurface susceptibilities and scattering parameters, and show how these properties may affect and limit the polarization effects of metasurfaces. Finally, we connect together the metasurface susceptibility model to the structural symmetries of scattering particles and their associated polarization effects. This work thus provides a detailed understanding of the polarization conversion properties of metasurfaces and may prove to be of particular interest for their practical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baryons B (Q q q ′) for heavy quarks Q = c , b , t , and light quarks q = u , d , s , are considered. Strong interaction coupling-constant sum rules with first-order breaking of SU(3) flavor symmetry are determined for reactions B → B ′ + M where B = B (Q q q ′) , B ′ = B (Q q q ″) and M = M (q ′ q ̄ ″) is a light meson. Specific applications to couplings of J P = 1 2 + charmed and bottom baryons are presented. Also, SU(3) Clebsch–Gordan coefficients for the product of representations 6 ⊗ 8 are explicitly determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses clock-comparison experiments, which may be used to test Lorentz symmetry to an extremely high level of precision. We include a brief overview of theoretical predictions for signals of Lorentz violation in clock-comparison experiments and summarize results of experiments that have been performed to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss a set of novel discrete symmetry transformations of the supersymmetric quantum mechanical model of a charged particle moving on a sphere in the background of Dirac magnetic monopole. The usual five continuous symmetries (and their conserved Noether charges) and two discrete symmetries together provide the physical realizations of the de Rham cohomological operators of differential geometry. We have also exploited the supervariable approach to derive the nilpotent SUSY transformations and provided the geometrical interpretation in the language of translational generators along the Grassmannian directions and onto -dimensional supermanifold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a synthesized material change from perovskite-layer-structured La 2 Ti 2 O 7 to perovskite type LaTiO 3 induced by Li 2 CO 3 addition was observed. The [TiO 6 ] octahedral site symmetry and particle uniformity showed an obvious variation with the change from La 2 Ti 2 O 7 to LaTiO 3. A broadband far-red emission from 670 to 780 nm emerged when Mn4+, Li+ ions were co-doped. Furthermore, (Mn4+, Li+) co-doped LaTiO 3 phosphor can be effectively excited by near-UV and blue lights, which is suitable for combining with commercial InGaN LED chips. The LaTiO 3 :0.4%Mn4+, 150%Li+ phosphor exhibited a high quantum efficiency of 71.1% and a good thermal stability with emission intensity retained 65% at 423 K. Finally, a LED device was fabricated with the LaTiO 3 :0.4%Mn4+, 150%Li+ phosphor, which matches well with the absorption of photochrome of P FR and shows a good potential for use in agricultural cultivation fields. [Display omitted] • Mn4+ was found to show far red photoluminescence in LaTiO 3 host for the first time. • A dopant-induced change from La 2 Ti 2 O 7 to LaTiO 3 was realized by addition of Li 2 CO 3. • Li+-doped LaTiO 3 showed a higher octahedral symmetry and an improved particle uniformity compared with La 2 Ti 2 O 7. • A quantum efficiency of 71.1% was obtained by the LaTiO 3 :Mn4+, Li+ phosphor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We find that spinning particles with suitable couplings propagating in certain supersymmetric backgrounds of D = 4 , N = 2 and D = 5 , N = 1 minimal supergravities are invariant under symmetries generated by the twisted covariant form hierarchies of these theories. We also compare our results with the symmetries of spinning particles generated by Killing-Yano forms which are responsible for the separability properties of some gravitational backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]