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Objective: Microbial infections and the cancer are the biggest health concerns now days. It has been reported that 19.3 million new cancer cases and approximately 10 million deaths occurred due to cancer. The pyrimidine and their derivatives have been investigated a lot by the researchers due to their versatile chemotherapeutic effects. The unmet demand for the new antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapeutic agents and the versatile pharmacological applications of pyrimidine derivatives prompted us to perform the synthesis and biological assessment of some novel 3-(substitued)-6-(substituted)pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-phenylthiazolidin-4-one. Methods: As a part of or investigation to find out some novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents, in this paper we focused on the synthesis of some novel 3-(substitued)-6-(substituted)pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-phenylthiazolidin-4-one derivatives. Additionally, the compounds were screened virtually for the drug likeness properties and characterized by FT-IR and NMR. Antimicrobial and anticancer studies were performed using the methods of disc diffusion, macro dilution and MTT assay. Results and Discussion: The virtual screening results revealed that all the compounds were found under the zone of inhibition for an active drug molecule. It was observed that the analytical data strongly supported the structure of the aimed compounds. Among all the synthesized compounds, the compounds (IX–XII), (XIV–XVI) were possessed very good antimicrobial effects. Some of these members represented even better antimicrobial potential against some specific pathogens. The compound (XII) was observed to be the most active compound of the series against almost all bacterial pathogens. The MTT findings revealed that the compounds (III), (IX), (X), (XII) were possessed similar IC50 to the reference drug doxorubicin. Conclusions: The antimicrobial and anticancer findings were promising and it was believed that further studies with these compounds aiming in vivo analysis will be helpful in producing the novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is one of the life-threatening diseases accountable for millions of demises globally. The inadequate effectiveness of the existing chemotherapy and its harmful effects has resulted in the necessity of developing innovative anticancer agents. Thiazolidin-4-one scaffold is among the most important chemical skeletons that illustrate anticancer activity. Thiazolidin-4-one derivatives have been the subject of extensive research and current scientific literature reveals that these compounds have shown significant anticancer activities. This manuscript is an earnest attempt to review novel thiazolidin-4-one derivatives demonstrating considerable potential as anticancer agents along with a brief discussion of medicinal chemistry-related aspects of these compounds and structural activity relationship studies in order to develop possible multi-target enzyme inhibitors. Most recently, various synthetic strategies have been developed by researchers to get various thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. In this review, the authors highlight the various synthetic, green, and nanomaterial-based synthesis routes of thiazolidin-4-ones as well as their role in anticancer activity by inhibition of various enzymes and cell lines. The detailed description of the existing modern standards in the field presented in this article may be interesting and beneficial to the scientists for further exploration of these heterocyclic compounds as possible anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this innovative research, a novel series of thiazolidin-4-one analogues having a 1,3,4-oxadiazole/thiadiazole moiety were derived and the structures of all the newly obtained molecules were established using different physicochemical and analytical means (1H-NMR, FTIR, mass spectra, and elemental analyses). The synthesized molecules were then investigated for their antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potential. The cytotoxicity screening studies revealed that analogues D-1, D-6, D-15, and D-16 possessed comparable efficacy, within the IC50 range (1 to 7 μM), when taking doxorubicin as a reference drug (IC50 = 0.5 μM). The antimicrobial activity was assessed using different Gram-(+) and Gram-(−) bacterial and fungal strains and the results revealed that molecules D-2, D-4, D-6, D-19, and D-20 possessed potent activity against selective strains of microbes with MIC ranges of 3.58 to 8.74 µM. The antioxidant evaluation was performed using the DPPH assay and the screening results revealed that analogue D-16 was the most potent derivative (IC50 = 22.3 µM) when compared with the positive control, ascorbic acid (IC50 = 111.6 µM). Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of the synthesized novel derivatives revealed that para-substituted halogen and hydroxy derivatives have remarkable potential against the MCF-7 cancer cell line and antioxidant potential. Similarly, electron-withdrawing groups (Cl/NO2) and -donating groups at the para position possess moderate to promising antimicrobial potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this innovative research, a novel series of thiazolidin-4-one analogues having a 1,3,4-oxadiazole/thiadiazole moiety were derived and the structures of all the newly obtained molecules were established using different physicochemical and analytical means (1H-NMR, FTIR, mass spectra, and elemental analyses). The synthesized molecules were then investigated for their antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potential. The cytotoxicity screening studies revealed that analogues D-1, D-6, D-15, and D-16 possessed comparable efficacy, within the IC50 range (1 to 7 μM), when taking doxorubicin as a reference drug (IC50 = 0.5 μM). The antimicrobial activity was assessed using different Gram-(+) and Gram-(−) bacterial and fungal strains and the results revealed that molecules D-2, D-4, D-6, D-19, and D-20 possessed potent activity against selective strains of microbes with MIC ranges of 3.58 to 8.74 µM. The antioxidant evaluation was performed using the DPPH assay and the screening results revealed that analogue D-16 was the most potent derivative (IC50 = 22.3 µM) when compared with the positive control, ascorbic acid (IC50 = 111.6 µM). Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of the synthesized novel derivatives revealed that para-substituted halogen and hydroxy derivatives have remarkable potential against the MCF-7 cancer cell line and antioxidant potential. Similarly, electron-withdrawing groups (Cl/NO2) and -donating groups at the para position possess moderate to promising antimicrobial potential.

Starting from theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) new thiazolidin-4-one derivatives 7a1–7, 7b1–7 have been synthesized as potential antidiabetic drugs. The structure of the new derivatives was confirmed using spectral methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). The in vitro antioxidant potential of the synthesized compounds was evaluated according to the ferric reducing power, the total antioxidant activity and the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are considered to be implicated in a variety of pathological events, such as diabetes mellitus and its micro- and macrovascular complications. The results of chemical modulation of the thiazolidin-4-one intermediaries 6a, 6b through condensation with several aromatic aldehydes is the improvement of the antioxidant effect. All benzylidenethiazolidin-4-one derivatives 7a1–7, 7b1–7 are more active than their parent thiazolidin-4-ones. The most active compounds are the ones obtained by reaction of condensation with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (compounds 7a5, 7a6), 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (compounds 7a6, 7b6) and 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (compounds 7a7, 7b7).

We report here the synthesis of the Z-3N(2-ethoxyphenyl)-2-N′(2-ethoxyphenyl)-imino-thiazolidin-4-one compound. The crystal structure is determined by X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the space group P2 and cell parameters: a = 9.4094(10) Å, b = 9.3066(10) Å, c = 20.960(2) Å, β = 99.0375(10)°, V = 1812.7(3) Å and Z = 4. The structure is refined to final R = 0.05 for 2083 observed reflections. The molecule in the crystal exhibits the intermolecular hydrogen bonds of C-H...O, C-H...N, and C-H...S types. Ab initio calculations are also performed at Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) levels. The full HF and DFT geometry optimization is carried out using the 6-31G( d, p) basis set. The observed molecular structure is compared with that calculated by both HF and DFT methods. The optimized geometry of the titled compound is found to be consistent with the structure determined by X-ray diffraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) new thiazolidin-4-one derivatives 7a1-7, 7b1-7 have been synthesized as potential antidiabetic drugs. The structure of the new derivatives was confirmed using spectral methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). The in vitro antioxidant potential of the synthesized compounds was evaluated according to the ferric reducing power, the total antioxidant activity and the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are considered to be implicated in a variety of pathological events, such as diabetes mellitus and its micro- and macrovascular complications. The results of chemical modulation of the thiazolidin-4-one intermediaries 6a, 6b through condensation with several aromatic aldehydes is the improvement of the antioxidant effect. All benzylidenethiazolidin-4-one derivatives 7a1-7, 7b1-7 are more active than their parent thiazolidin-4-ones. The most active compounds are the ones obtained by reaction of condensation with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (compounds 7a5, 7a6), 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (compounds 7a6, 7b6) and 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (compounds 7a7, 7b7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new series of 1,3-benzothiazol-2-y1)-1,3-thiazolan-4-one 5a-j has been synthesized by the reaction of 2-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(5,5,7-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-1,3-thiazolan-4-one 4 with aryl aldehydes. Chemical structures of all the new compounds were established by IR, ¹H, 13C NMR, MS and elemental data. The compounds 5a-j were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 441), Bacillus sphaericus (MTCC 11), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96) and Gram-negative bacteria viz. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 741), Klebsiella aerogenes (MTCC 39), Chromobacterium violaceum (MTCC 2656). Amongst them, compounds containing [(4-chlorophenyl)methylidene] moiety 5b, [(3-nitrophenyl)methylidene] moiety 5d and [(2-thienyl)methylidene] moiety 5j showed significant antibacterial activity, almost equal/more than the activity of the standard drug Streptomycin. Further, the compounds 5a-j were also screened for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Aspergillus fumigatus (HIC 6094), Trichophyton rubrum (IFO 9185), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (IFO 40996). Most of these new compounds showed appreciable activity against test bacteria and fungi and emerged as potential molecules for further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A series of novel thiazolidin-4-ones bearing a hydrophobic substituent at 5-position on the 4,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine ring at N-3 (5c–i and 6c–i) were designed on the prediction of QSAR studies, synthesized in good yields of 60.1–85.3% by microwave-assisted one-pot protocol with the combination of using dicyclohexylcarbonimide (DCC) as the promotor, and evaluated as HIV-1 reverse transcriptases inhibitors. The results of in vitro HIV-1 RT kit assay showed that some of the new compounds, such as 5c, 6c, 5d, 6d, 5g, 5h and 6i, could effectively inhibit RT activity. Among them, compounds 5c and 6c where ethyl group existed at 5-position on N-3 pyrimidine ring were the best ones with the IC50 value of 0.26μM and 0.23μM, respectively. Structure-activity relationship analysis of these analogues suggested that the overall hydrophobicity and steric factor were important to the anti-HIV RT activity. The mechanism of the intramolecular cycloamidation promoted by DCC was also investigated with the key uncyclized intermediate 13. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Synthesis of new benzohydrazide based imines and thiazolidine-4-one derivatives and fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. • In vitro screening against alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase activities. • Identification of a new class of alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase activities. • Limited structure activity relationship was established to understand the contribution of different substituents. • In silico studies of most active compounds were performed to understand the binding interactions with enzyme. Benzohydrazide based imine derivatives (1c-16c) and thiazolidine-4-one derivatives (1d-16d) were synthesized and characterized with different spectroscopic techniques i.e. HREI-MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR. The synthesized analogs were examined for antidiabetic potential and hence evaluated against α -glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme. Benzohydrazide based imine derivatives showed outstanding α -glucosidase inhibition ranging from 5.60 ± 0.30 to 38.10 ± 0.30 µM when compared with acarbose (IC 50 = 38.45 ± 0.80 µM). Compound 5c (IC 50 = 5.60 ± 0.30 µM) has m/p -dihydroxyl groups at phenyl ring while compound 15c (IC 50 = 7.30 ± 0.10 µM) has one p ‑hydroxyl group present at phenyl ring were most potent in the imine series. Molecular docking study further support that hydrogen bonding is predominant. Thiazolidin-4-one derivatives (1d-16d) were screen against α -amylase enzyme and were found to show excellent potential with IC 50 values ranging from 0.40 ± 0.05 to 22.11 ± 1.20 µM when compared with standard acarbose (IC 50 = 0.91 ± 0.20 µM). The most potent analog in the series was 5d (IC 50 = 0.40 ± 0.05 µM) when compared with standard. Molecular docking study was carried out for active site determination and to rationalize the activities of the active compounds. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]