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Dry autothermal reforming is a novel CO 2 utilization process. Thermoneutral points are considered to be the best operating points in autothermal reforming reactors. A theoretical study was done to determine the process thermoneutral points for complete dry autothermal reforming process considering the basic preheater, reactor and condenser configuration. The results were compared to the product yields at reactor thermoneutral points for the same input feed and temperature conditions. The process thermoneutral points were found be better for operational reasons than reactor thermoneutral points. Dry autothermal reforming of methane was used as model example in this study. This study can be used for different autothermal processes to calculate the optimum conditions at which the process can be operated in heat integrated loop without the need of any external thermal energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Effect of pressure, temperature and feed ratio studied in detail. [•] CO2 utilization in combined coal gasification. [•] Thermoneutral points obtained in combined coal gasification. [•] Generation of syngas of required low syngas ratio. [•] Produced syngas has use in fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Chemical looping reforming (CLR) is a novel technology that can be used for reforming of cheaply available abundant biofuel like ethanol for the production of hydrogen/syngas for fuel cells. A systematic thermodynamic study for the CLR process using selected oxygen carriers was done to analyze the products and energy requirements of the CLR process in the temperature range of 500-1200 °C at 1 bar pressure for ethanol. The results showed favorable conditions for syngas manufacture from this process. Fe2O3 was found to be the best performing oxygen carrier followed by calcium and sodium sulfates, while Mn oxides were the least preferred oxygen carriers for CLR of ethanol process. The optimum process temperature was found to be 1000 °C. The actual CLR-ethanol process shows exothermicity against the theoretical endothermic partial oxidation of ethanol. The results obtained in this theoretical study can pave the way for experimental programs for syngas generation for SOFC-type fuel cells. Similar studies can be undertaken for other fuels for fuel processor development by CLR process. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined (steam and CO2) reforming is one of the methods to produce syngas for different applications. An energy requirement analysis of steam reforming to dry reforming with intermediate steps of steam reduction and equivalent CO2 addition to the feed fuel for syngas generation has been done to identify condition for optimum process operation. The rmodynamic equilibrium data for combined reforming was generated for temperature range of 400-1000C at 1 bar pressure and combined oxidant (CO2+H2O) streamto propane (fuel) ratio of 3, 6, and 9 by employing the Gibbs free energy minimization algorithm of HSC Chemistry software 5.1. Total energy requirement including preheating and reaction enthalpy calculations were done using the equilibrium product composition. Carbon and methane formation was significantly reduced in combined reforming than pure dry reforming, while the energy requirements were lower than pure steam reforming. Temperatures of minimum energy requirement were found in the data analysis of combined reforming which were optimum for the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]