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A biological receptor serves as sensory transduction from an external stimulus to an electrical signal. It allows humans to better match the environment by filtering out repetitive innocuous information and recognize potentially damaging stimuli through key features, including adaptive and maladaptive behaviors. Herein, for the first time, the authors develop substantial artificial receptors involving both adaptive and maladaptive behaviors using diffusive memristor. Metal‐oxide nanorods (NR) as a switching matrix enable the electromigration of an active metal along the surface of the NRs under electrical stimulation, resulting in unique surface‐dominated switching dynamics with the advantage of fast Ag migration and fine controllability of the conductive filament. To experimentally demonstrate its potential application, a thermoreceptor system is constructed using memristive artificial receptors. The proposed surface‐dominated diffusive memristor allows the direct emulation of the biological receptors, which represents an advance in the bioinspired technology adopted in creating artificial intelligence systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]