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In this paper, we assume that the domestic public firm competes in the market with a foreign private firm that cares about consumer surplus and the domestic government imposes tariffs on foreign firm. We aim to analyze the influence of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) level of foreign firm on privatization and tariff policy. It shows that if the government implements a privatization policy for the domestic public firm, the optimal degree of privatization decreases in the CSR level of foreign firm. Under the optimal privatization policy, if the product differentiation is relatively small, the equilibrium tariff increases in the CSR level; if the product differentiation is relatively large, the equilibrium tariff decreases in the CSR level; if the product differentiation is moderate, the relationship between the equilibrium tariff and CSR level is an inverted U‐shape. We further consider the policy implications under sequential moves of firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In importing trade model, Cournot competition occurs between domestic semi‐public and foreign firms in domestic market; the government implements specific/ad valorem tariff. We examine the welfare effect of tariff simplification. Under general demand function, when semi‐public firms are more efficient than foreign firms with low/high privatization, tariff simplification hurts/benefits the domestic country. When semi‐public firms are less efficient than foreign firms with medium privatization, tariff simplification hurts the domestic country; else, it benefits the domestic country. When the government adopts optimal tariff rate and optimal privatization, and domestic semi‐public firms are less efficient than foreign firms, optimal privatization increases after tariff simplification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to explore how strategic tariff policy and welfare are affected by the consumer-friendly initiative of foreign exporting firms. We define a firm that is consumer-friendly or non-profit-based if it considers both its own profit and consumer surplus. This paper extends Brander and Spencer by taking the consideration of consumer-friendly firms into an international duopoly, and within such context examining the tariff policy and welfare. The consumer-friendly initiative that leads to trade liberalization is a 'Win-Win-Win' solution in the sense that it is not only beneficial for foreign exporting firms, but also for the government and consumers of the importing country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing linear mixed oligopoly model, this paper explores the magnitude of the maximum-revenue tariff, optimum-welfare tariff, and revenue-constrained optimal tariff that is especially designed for the consideration of the bureaucratic inefficiency. In particular, the tariff ranking issue is examined under both cases of Cournot competition and domestic public leadership. We found that, under Cournot competition, the optimum-welfare tariff is the highest and it is followed by the revenue-constrained optimal tariff while the maximum-revenue tariff is the lowest. But, under Stackelberg public leadership, if the domestic private firms are fewer than the foreign firms, the maximum-revenue tariff becomes the highest and the optimum-welfare exceeds the revenue-constrained optimal tariff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper re-examines the important tariff ranking issue under a linear mixed oligopoly model with foreign competitors and asymmetric costs. We demonstrate that under Cournot competition, when the size of domestic private and foreign private firms become more unequally distributed, optimum-welfare tariff will exceed maximum-revenue tariff. We also show that under Stackelberg competition, when the domestic government protects its domestic sector, it will levy higher optimum-welfare tariffs versus maximum-revenue tariffs; however, when it decides to open its doors more for foreign competitors, it will need to levy higher maximum-revenue tariffs versus optimum-welfare tariffs. The above results remain valid whether the domestic public firm acts as a leader or a follower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines two policy instruments, privatization of the domestic public firm and imposition of a tariff on foreign private firms in an international mixed oligopolistic model with asymmetric costs. It first demonstrates that different orders of moves of firms will imply different government decisions on optimal tariff and on privatization policy. Following Hamilton and Slutsky (1990 ), this paper then uses an extended game to discuss endogenous roles. It indicates that the efficiency gain that highlights the importance of foreign competition is crucial in determining the welfare improving privatization policy. Moreover, the endogenous equilibria are associated with different government decisions on privatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the welfare implications of trade creation and trade diversion within the context of the standard model of customs unions to which increasing returns and domestic monopoly have been added. The problem we consider is particularly important to the less-developed countries in which both types of product market imperfections are encountered It is shower that, in the presence of product market imperfections, trade creation I and trade creation II may entail welfare loss, while trade diversion I and trade diversion II may be welfare-improving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]