Search

Funding Information: We are indebted to Brandon Cooper (University of Montana) and Laura Van Dijk (Stockholm University) for very generously providing us with numerous specimens of some of the species in our mock communities. We are also thankful to all members of the Ronquist lab and the team of the Insect Biome Atlas (https://www.insectbiomeatlas. com/) for the fruitful discussions during the design and analysis of the study. We thank Owen Wangensteen for his valuable comments on the manuscript. This project was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodows-ka-Curie grant agreement no. 642241 (BIG4 project, https://big4-project.eu) and by the Knut and Alice Wallen-berg Foundation (KAW 2017.088). TR was further supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 856506; ERC-synergy project LIFEPLAN). Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences of the NIH of the US under award number R35GM124701 to Brandon S. Cooper. (insect cultures). Funding Information: We are indebted to Brandon Cooper (University of Montana) and Laura Van Dijk (Stockholm University) for very generously providing us with numerous specimens of some of the species in our mock communities. We are also thankful to all members of the Ronquist lab and the team of the Insect Biome Atlas (https://www.insectbiomeatlas.com/) for the fruitful discussions during the design and analysis of the study. We thank Owen Wangensteen for his valuable comments on the manuscript. This project was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 642241 (BIG4 project, https://big4-project.eu) and by the Knut and Alice Wallen-berg Foundation (KAW 2017.088). TR was further supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 856506; ERC-synergy project LIFEPLAN). Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of General Medical Sciences of the NIH of the US under award number R35GM124701 to Brandon S. Cooper. (insect cultures). Publisher Copyright: © Copyright Daniel Marquina et al. DNA metabarcoding can accelerate research on insect diversity, as it is cheap and fast compared to manual sorting and identification. Most metabarcoding protocols require homogenisation of the sample, preventing further work on the specimens. Mild digestion of the tissue by incubation in a lysis buffer has been proposed as an alternative, and, although some mild lysis protocols have already been presented, they have so far not been evaluated against each other. Here, we analyse how two mild lysis buffers (one more aggressive, one gentler in terms of tissue degradation), two different incubation times, and two DNA purification methods (a manual precipitation and an automated protocol) affect the accuracy of retrieving the true composition of mock communities using two mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S). We found that protocol-specific variation in concentration and purity of the DNA extracts produced had little effect on the recovery of species. However, the two lysis treatments differed in quantification of species abundances. Digestion in the gentler buffer and for a shorter time yielded better representation of original sample composition. Digestion in a more aggressive buffer or longer incubation time yielded lower alpha diversity values and increased differences between metabarcoding results and the true species-abundance distribution. We conclude that the details of non-destructive protocols can have a significant effect on metabarcoding performance. A short and mild lysis treatment appears the best choice for recovering the true composition of the sample. This not only improves accuracy, but also comes with a faster processing time than the other treatments.

Chilecicada culenesensis n. sp. Sanborn and Cole Fig. 2 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 2 (song), Plate 5 (distribution) Type material. Holotype. “15.CL. RM.LCN.716.4 / -33.8929, -71.4001 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” ♂ (UCMS). Paratypes. “15.CL. RM.LCN.713 / -33.8929, -71.4001 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (MNNC); “15.CL. RM. LCN.716.3 / -33.8929, -71.4001 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (AFSC); “15.CL. RM.LCN.714.1 / -33.8929, -71.4001 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” 1♀ (AFSC); “15.CL. RM.LCN.714.2 / -33.8929, -71.4001 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (UCMS); “15.CL. RM.LCN.715 / -33.8929, -71.4001 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L. // Seq.” 1♀ (UCMS). The code 15.CL. RM. LCN refers to a hill near the village of Los Culenes, Region Metropolitana, Chile collected by Claudio Veloso, Katherine Nazario and Piotr Łukasik. Etymology. The name is a combination of culenes - and - ensis (L. suffix denoting place) in reference to the type locality of the species. Description. Ground color dark testaceous marked with piceous and castaneous, greenish costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing, faded to ochraceous in most paratypes due to ethanol exposure. Body covered with silvery pile. Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color anterior margin of supraantennal plate, and anteromedial corner of vertex and posterior epicranial suture, short silvery pile on dorsal head, denser longer pile posterior to eye. Ocelli red, ochraceous in some paratypes, eyes dark castaneous lightly margined proximally with ground color. Gena piceous margined with ground color medial margin, anteriorly along supraantennal plate, and posteromedial margin along lorum, lorum piceous with ground color lateral margin, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum piceous posterior to transverse grooves with castaneous posterior margin, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short silvery pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus piceous with ground color carina and anterior and posterior margins, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum ground color with lateral castaneous mark, expanding to cover most of mentum in one paratype, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to posterior of middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of midline fusing medially in anterior fissure and in posterior ambient fissure, fissures piceous, mark in lateral fissure expanding onto lateral disk, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure and just posterior to central paramedian fissure. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous anterior margin along ambient fissure, mark on anterolateral margin of lateral angle expanded medially forming fascia connecting to lateral ambient fissure. Pronotum with sparse, short silvery pile in fissures. Mesonotum piceous with ground color outlining sigilla but not reaching anterior margin, on anterolateral corner, cruciform elevation and wing groove, mark on central disk extends along anterior half of cruciform elevation midline, anterior half of lateral cruciform elevation piceous, wing groove ground color with piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected by transverse fascia anteriorly in some paratypes. Metanotum ground color with piceous midline, anterolateral region, and posterolateral fascia. Dorsum covered with sparse silvery pile, denser and longer between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, and in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments piceous margined with ground color. Ventral segments covered with short silvery pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively, one paratype fore wing and one paratype hind wing with modified venation pattern in apical cells but same number of apical cells. Venation greenish proximally, becoming piceous distally, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein greenish separated by piceous fascia proximally, piceous extending to node in some paratypes, cubitus posterior and anal vein 2 + 3 piceous. Basal cell about 3.5 times longer than broad with piceous mark proximally on cubitus posterior + anal vein 1. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing grayish mottled with red with darker posterior margin. Hind wing venation similarly colored except piceous median vein, anal vein 2, anal vein 3 and proximal cubitus posterior, piceous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, posterior to cubitus posterior, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with gray mottled with red, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering gray and red area and in base of cubital cell 1, cubital cell 2 and anal cell 1. Legs. Legs ground color, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, tibiae with piceous spot proximally, fore tibiae striped with piceous anteriorly and piceous distally, middle tibiae with thinner and shorter fasciae and lesser amount of terminus piceous, hind tibiae lacking distal fascia and terminal mark, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, tarsi piceous except ground color majority of mesotari and majority of pretarsus in hind tarsi, piceous expanding or hind tarsi metatarsi also ground color in some paratypes, pretarsal claws castaneous with piceous tips. Fore femora with primary spine angled to femur, secondary spine upright, sinuate with broad proximal base, longest, and small tertiary spine, all spines piceous. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with piceous spot on base, an elongated triangle distally curving mediad, reaching beyond operculum posterior margin to posterior of sternite I. Female meracanthus similarly colored but not curving distally, reaching to anterior of sternite III. Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base and piceous medial and posterior margins, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, medial margin rounded, anteromedial margin curved to base, reaching to about middle of tympanal cavity posteriorly, well separated medially barely reaching lateral meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Female operculum similarly shaped and colored with lateral margin also piceous, reaching to middle of sternite II. Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 with ground color anterior margin, anterolateral and posterolateral corners, lateral margin in some paratypes, with transverse piceous fascia narrowing laterally and castaneous posterior margin, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally between timbal cavities, piceous within timbal cavity and on lateral margin, castaneous posterior to piceous and dorsolateral timbal cavities with ground color laterally and on posterior margin, tergites 3–8 piceous anteriorly bordered posteriorly with castaneous, small amount of ground color on dorsolateral posterior margin of tergite 3 in holotype, tergites covered with sparse, short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 5–8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color marked with piceous near anterior and posterior margins, sternite II testaceous with ground color anterolateral margin, transverse piceous fascia on anterior margin almost reaching piceous auditory capsule, sternite III with transverse piceous fascia on anterior margin, castaneous with testaceous posterior margin, sternites IV–VII testaceous with transverse castaneous mark in center, reducing in size in posterior sternites becoming a spot on central sternite VII. Epipleurites testaceous with central castaneous spot. Sternite VIII ground color with piceous anterior margin and piceous spots posterior to dorsal margin curve, spots expanded or absent in various paratypes, dorsal margin smoothly curved near base, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on sternites VII and VIII. Female sternite VII ground color with large anterolateral piceous spots, single, deep, large V-shaped notch almost reaching anterior margin, posterolateral margin on either side of notch curved anterolaterad to straight lateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 ground color ventrally and posteriorly surrounding piceous stigma, piceous anteriorly, dorsolaterally, dorsally, and on dorsal beak, margined with castaneous laterally, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile ventrally. Dorsal beak not as long as piceous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 straight. Genitalia. Male pygofer ground color ventrally and on posterior margin, piceous dorsally and posterolaterally, separated from ground color by castaneous laterally, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to anal tube, dorsal beak absent. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, slightly angled dorsally at oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, semicircular terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous margined with ground color at base, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous. Median uncus lobe piceous with ground color spot on either side of dorsal carina at base and ground color on middle of lateral margin proximal to terminal bend, all but lateral margin base ground color in most paratypes, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, sinuate when viewed from the side, distal terminus angled toward sternite VIII, widening laterally from base before tapering to pointed posterior margin, small ground color ridge on dorsal surface midline, ventral surface dark ground color with piceous base, ventral surfaces recurved, almost meeting along midline expanding to small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating golden pile. Aedeagus castaneous with darker lateral fascia, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous, terminus not visible in type series. Female gonocoxite IX piceous with ground color ventral margin, gonapophysis IX castaneous with piceous tips, gonapophysis X piceous. Ovipositor sheath not reaching to tip of dorsal beak. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath. Measurements (mm). n= 4♂, 2♀, mean (range). Length of body: ♂ 19.48 (17.90–21.10), ♀ 18.08 (17.55– 18.60); length of fore wing: ♂ 21.50 (20.75–22.50), ♀ 21.33 (20.85–21.80); width of fore wing: ♂ 7.86 (7.50–8.30), ♀ 8.03 (7.95–8.10); length of head: ♂ 3.06 (2.95–3.20), ♀ 3.10 (3.00–3.20); width of head including eyes: ♂ 6.15 (5.95–6.40), ♀ 6.13 (6.00–6.25); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: ♂ 7.05 (6.80–7.35), ♀ 6.98 (6.85–7.10); width of mesonotum: ♂ 5.80 (5.65–6.05), ♀ 5.85 (5.80–5.90). Song. (n=1 paratopotype song recording of 21 s duration) The 0.62 s long echemes of C. culenesensis occur at a rate of 1.47 s- 1. The C. culenesensis echeme duration is significantly longer than that of C. oraria (1-sample t -test, P =8.07×10 -9) and similar to the durations of C. curacaviensis, C. partemporaria, and C. trifasciunca (1-sample t -test, P =5.59×10 -2). The C. culenesensis echeme rate is indistinguishable from those of C. curacaviensis and C. oraria (1-sample t -test, P =9.69×10 -1), but is faster than those of C. partemporaria and C. trifasciunca (1-sample t -test, P =5.60×10 -7) owing to a short interecheme interval of 0.058 s. The dominant frequency band is 9.03–10.89 kHz (mean dominant frequency=10.16 kHz). Diagnosis. Another of the smaller of the Chilecicada species. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 17.55–21.10 mm, fore wing length between 20.75–22.50 mm, fore wing basal cell about 3.50 times longer than broad, a piceous mark along the proximal fore wing basal cell, a piceous fascia separating the proximal fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins, an elongated, triangular meracanthus, piceous marking on the medial opercular margin, a semicircular posteromedial operculum, abdominal epipleurites with a large central spot, and an uncus that is piceous with ground color lateral and dorsal fasciae curving slightly to terminus. It is most similar morphologically to C. curvacaviensis n. sp. but differs in the ambient vein of the fore wing being obtusely angled posteriorly rather than being smoothly curved and the dorsal uncus is smoothly curved in that species. This species shares a common song type with C. curacaviensis, C. magna, C. oraria, C. partemporaria, C. pehuenchesensis, and C. trifasciunca: a continuous song with one approximately 0.5 s echeme produced roughly every s. Based on the single recorded male, the combination of long echemes produced at a fast rate may separate C. culenesensis from all species but C. curacaviensis: C. partemporaria and C. trifasciunca, and probably also C. magna and C. pehuenchesensis sing with slow echeme rates; C. oraria songs have a similar fast echeme rate but with short echemes. Distribution. The species is known from the type locality near the village of Los Culenes, Región Metropolitana, Chile.

Chilecicada partemporaria n. sp. Sanborn and Cole Fig. 10 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 3 (song), Plate 4 (wing flick), Plate 5 (distribution) Type material. Holotype. “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Santiago Pr.: Comuna de Lo / Barnechea; Camino a Farellones / en Puente el Manzano (curva 16), / 33.34699S, 70.33109W, 1819 m. / 19-XII-2018, JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C. Veloso leg. S18-03 // JCR181219_08 // JAC000003294” ♂ (LACM). Paratypes. “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Provincia de Santiago: Comuna de / Lo Barnechea; Camino a Farellones / en Puentes el Manzano (curva 14), / 33.34859S, 70.35332W, 1549 m. / 19-XII-2018, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S18-02 // JAC000003290” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Provincia de Santiago: Comuna de / Lo Barnechea; Camino a Farellones / en Puentes el Manzano (curva 14), / 33.34859S, 70.35332W, 1549 m. / 19-XII-2018, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S18-02 // JAC000003291” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Santiago Pr.: Comuna de Lo / Barnechea; Camino a Farellones / en Puente el Manzano (curva 16), / 33.34699S, 70.33109W, 1819 m. / 19-XII-2018, JA Cole, / FA Calderon, C. Veloso leg. S18-03 // JCR181219_03 or 06 // JAC000003292” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Santiago Pr.: Comuna de Lo / Barnechea; Camino a Farellones / en Puente el Manzano (curva 16), / 33.34699S, 70.33109W, 1819 m. / 19-XII-2018, JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C. Veloso leg. S18-03 // JCR181219_06 or 03 // JAC000003293” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Santiago Pr.: Comuna de Lo / Barnechea; Camino a Farellones / en Puente el Manzano (curva 16), / 33.34699S, 70.33109W, 1819 m. / 19-XII-2018, JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-03 // JCR181219_09 // JAC000003295” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Santiago Pr.: Comuna de Lo / Barnechea; Camino a Farellones / en Puente el Manzano (curva 16), / 33.34699S, 70.33109W, 1819 m. / 19-XII-2018, JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-03 // JAC000003296” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Provincia de Santiago: Comuna de / Lo Barnechea; Camino a Farellones / en Puente el Manzano (curva 16), / 33.34699S, 70.33109W, 1819 m. / 19- XII-2018, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C. Veloso leg. S18-03 1♂ (MNNC), 1♂ and 1♀ (AFSC); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Cordillera Pr.: Comuna de San / José de Maipo, Camino Al Volcán, / 3.2 km E of El Volcán pueblo, / 33.81716S, 70.15041W, 1487 m. / 6-I-2019, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S18-50 // 190106-09? // JAC000003303” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Cordillera Pr.: Comuna de San / José de Maipo, Camino Al Volcán, / 3.2 km E of El Volcán pueblo, / 33.81716S, 70.15041W, 1478 m. / 6-I-2019, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C. Veloso leg. S19-50 // 190106-020 (FC) // JAC000003304” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Cordillera Pr.: Comuna de San / José de Maipo; Camino Al Volcán, / 3.2 km E of El Volcán pueblo, / 33.81716S, 70.15041W, 1487 m. / 6-I-2019, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S19-50 // 190106-021 (FC) // JAC000003305” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Cordillera Pr.: Comuna de San / José de Maipo, Camino Al Volcán, / 3.2 km E of El Volcán pueblo, / 33.81716S, 70.15041W, 1478 m. / 6-I-2019, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C. Veloso leg. S19-50 // JAC000003306” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Provincia de Cordillera: Comuna de / San José de Maipo; Camino Al / Volcán, 3.2 km E of El Volcán / pueblo, / 33.81716S, 70.15041W, 1478 m. / 6-I-2019, JA Cole, FA Calderon, C. / Veloso leg. S18-50” 1♂ (MNNC), 2♂ (AFSC); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Provincia de Cordillera: Comuna de San / José de Maipo; Campground 1.26 / km east of El Volcán pueblo on / Villorio El Volcán / 33.81446S, 70.17072W, 1398 m. / 6-I-2019, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S19-49 // JCR190106_06 // JAC000003300” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Cordillera Pr.: Comuna de San / José de Maipo; Campground 1.26 / km east of El Volcán pueblo on / Villorio El Volcán / 33.81446S, 70.17072W, 1398 m. / 6-I-2019, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S19-49 // JCR190106_07 // JAC000003301” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Cordillera Pr.: Comuna de San / José de Maipo; Campground 1.26 / km east of El Volcán pueblo on / Villorio El Volcán / 33.81446S, 70.17072W, 1398 m. / 6-I- 2019, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S19-49 // JAC000003302” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Provincia de Cordillera: Comuna de / San José de Maipo; Campground / 1.26 km east of El Volcán pueblo on / Villorio El Volcán / 33.81446S, 70.17072W, 1398 m. / 6-I-2019, JA Cole, FA Calderon, C. / Veloso leg. S18-49 // 190106-05” 1♂ (MNNC); “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: / Cachapoal Pr.: Comuna de / Machali, Puente Chacayes, road / H-33 at El / Manzanar, / 34.23566S, 70.48223W, 844 m. / 22-XII-2018, JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C. Veloso leg. S18-14 // JAC000003299” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: Provincia / de Cachapoal: Comuna de Machali; / Puente Chacayes, road H-33 at El / Manzanar, / 34.23566S, 70.48223W, 844 m. / 22-XII-2018, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C. Veloso leg. S18-14” 1♂ (AFSC); “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: / Cachapoal Pr.: Comuna de / Machali, Entrance of Club de / Campo Coya, / 34.20087S, 70.55859W, 985 m. / 22-XII-2018, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C. Veloso leg. S18-13 // 181222-002 (FC) // JAC000003297” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: / Cachapoal Pr.: Comuna de / Machali; Entrance of Club de / Campo Coya, / 34.20087S, 70.55859W, 985 m. / 22- XII-2018, JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C. Veloso leg. S18-13 // JAC000003298” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: Provincia / de Cachapoal: Comuna de Machali; / Entrance of Club de Campo Coya, / 34.20087S, 70.55859W, 985 m. / 22-XII-2018, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C. Veloso leg. S18-13” 1♂ (AFSC); “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: Provincia / de Cachapoal: Comuna de Machali; / Entrance of Club de Campo Coya, / 34.20087S, 70.55859W, 985 m. / 22-XII-2018, JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C. Veloso leg. S18-13 / 181222-003 (FC)” 1♂ (MNNC); “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: Provincia / de Colchagüa: Comuna de San / Fernando: Sierra Bellavista, / 34.82697S, 70.74717W, 118 0 m. / 24-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S18-19” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Santiago Pr.: Universidad de / Ibáñez, Botánico, Peñalolén / 33.48944S, 70.51194W, 998 m. / 4-I- 2018, JA Cole leg. // 18.CL. SA.UUB // Santiago Reg. CL / 18.CL. SA.UBB / U. Adolfo Ibanez / 4 Jan 18 JC, EG, CS, SC / Chilecicada verde // JAC000003289” 1♀ (LACM); “14.CL.LI.BLV.421 / -34.8258, -70.7418 / 14.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♀ (MNNC); “14.CL.LI.BLV.423.1 / -34.8258, -70.7418 / 14.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♀ (MNNC); “14.CL.LI.BLV.423.2 / -34.8258, -70.7418 / 14.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (AFSC); “14.CL.LI.BLV.424.1 / - 34.8258, -70.7418 / 14.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♀ (UCMS); “14.CL.LI.BLV.424.3 / -34.8258, -70.7418 / 14.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (UCMS); “14.CL.LI.CRC.475.3 / -34.1596, -70.6347 / 15.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (UCMS); “14.CL.LI.CLT.510 / -34.74115, -70.7655 / 15.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (UCMS); “16.CL.LI. RTT.048.2 / -34.9595, -70.4329 / 8.I.2016 C. V., J.M.” 1♂ (MNNC); “16.CL.LI.RTT.048.1 / -34.9595, -70.4329 / 8.I.2016 C. V., J.M.” 1♂ (AFSC); “16.CL.LI.RTT.047 / -34.9595, -70.4329 / 8.I.2016 C. V., J.M.” 1♂ (UCMS); “ Sex: Male (05) / Collector: C. Veloso & C. Cecchii / Date: 01/27/10 / Location Farellones. RM. / (33°20’54” S. 70°21’18”W. 1583 m)” 1♂ (AFSC); “ Sex: Male (02) / Collector: C. Veloso & C. Cecchii / Date: 01/27/10 / Location Farellones. RM. / (33°20’54” S. 70°21’18”W. 1583 m)” 1♂ (AFSC); “ Sex: Male (11) / Collector: C. Veloso & C. Cecchii / Date: 01/27/10 / Location Farellones. RM. / (33°20’54” S. 70°21’18”W. 1583 m)” 1♂ (AFSC); “ Sex: Female (04) / Collector: C. Veloso & C. Cecchii / Date: 01/27/10 / Location Farellones. RM. / (33°20’54” S. 70°21’18”W. 1583 m)” 1♂ (AFSC). The code 14.CL.LI.BLV corresponds to Sierra de Bellavista, O’Higgins Region, Chile. The code 14.CL.LI.CRC corresponds to Camino Rancagua-Coya, VI Region (O’Higgins Region), Chile. The code 14.CL.LI.CLT corresponds to side of the road towards Termas del Flaco, O’Higgins Region, Chile. The code 16.CL.LI.RTT corresponds to the road to Termas del Flaco, -34.7838, -70.6465, VI Region (O’Higgins Region), Chile, collected by Claudio Veloso and John McCutcheon. The GPS data on the specimen label are incorrect. Etymology. The name is a combination of par - (L. par, equal, even) and - temporaria (L. temporarius, of time) in reference to the temporally consistent song echemes of the species. Description. Ground color testaceous, castaneous in some paratypes, heavily marked with piceous, greenish costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing. Head and thorax greenish in live specimens, greenish tint remaining in some specimens of the type series. Costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing faded from green to ochraceous due to ethanol exposure in some paratypes. Body covered with silvery pile. Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color anterior supra-antennal plate margin, anteromedial corner of vertex and mark on medioposterior head in posterior epicranial suture extending laterally along posterior head to expand anteriorly to posterior cranial depressions, mark reduced to only epicranial suture in some paratypes, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on dorsal head, long silvery pile posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, eyes dark castaneous. Gena piceous with ground color margin along lorum, lorum piceous with ground color anterior and lateral margins, ground color margin thicker in some paratypes, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum piceous posterior to transverse grooves, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short silvery pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus with ground color carina and anterior margins, piceous connected across carina in some paratypes, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum piceous except ground color ventral midline and posterior margins, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to middle of middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of midline fusing anteriorly and posteriorly producing short ground color fascia on midline, fissures piceous, incomplete anterior or lateral ambient fissures or posterior paramedian fissure in some paratypes, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk just posterior to central paramedian fissure and anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure, spots expanded or reduced in some paratypes. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous angled fascia from middle of lateral ambient fissure to anterior margin of pronotal collar lateral angle. Pronotum with short silvery pile, denser in fissures. Mesonotum ground color, submedian sigilla piceous, piceous fused anteromedially, separated in some paratypes, lateral sigilla mottled piceous, completely piceous or with ground color lateral region in some paratypes, anchor-shaped piceous mark on central disk posterior to submedian sigilla expanding to large rectangular spot including scutal depressions and area between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, mark extending onto midline of cruciform elevation, anterolateral curve reduced in some paratypes connecting to lateral sigilla in other paratypes, mark expanding to cover all but ground color margin along submedian sigilla in some paratypes, anterior and medial portion of lateral cruciform elevation piceous, small piceous mark crossing middle of anterior arms of cruciform elevation in some paratypes, wing groove ground color with piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally. Metanotum ground color, piceous fascia on dorsal midline, piceous anterolateral and piceous posterolateral fasciae. Dorsum with silvery pile, denser and longer between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, radiating from posterolateral margin, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, and in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous on basisternum 2, posterior katepisternum 2, lateral trochantin 2, central meron 2, basisternum 3, transverse fascia on posterior episternum 3 and lateral trochantin 3, piceous expanded in some paratypes, plates almost completely piceous in one paratype. Ventral segments covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively. Venation greenish proximally, becoming piceous distally, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein greenish separated by piceous fascia along basal cell, fascia extending to node in some paratypes, reduced to proximal spot in other paratypes, cubitus posterior piceous, posterior of anal vein 2 + 3 piceous in middle, completely piceous in some paratypes. Basal cell about 3.5 times longer than broad. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing orange with piceous posterior margin, mottled with red in some paratypes. Hind wing venation similarly colored except piceous median vein, anal vein 2 and anal vein 3, castaneous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with orange, mottled with red in some paratypes, infuscation in proximal anal cell 1, anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering orange and red area and base of cubital cell 1, cubital cell 2 and anal cell 1. Legs. Legs ochraceous, tinged with castaneous or testaceous in some paratypes, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, fore tibiae with piceous spot proximally, thickly striped with piceous and distally piceous, middle tibiae with proximal and distal piceous marks, hind tibiae with on proximal piceous mark, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, tarsi piceous except ground color distal mesotarsus and annular ground color mark on proximal pretarsus just distal to proximal margin, middle tarsi piceous, hind tarsi with ground color proximal pretarsus, some or all tarsi completely piceous in some paratypes, pretarsal claws piceous with dark ground color base, completely piceous in some paratypes. Fore femora with primary spine angled to femur, secondary spine almost upright with proximally expanded base, and very small tertiary spine, primary spine piceous, secondary spine ground color with piceous tip and majority of anterior surface, tertiary spine piceous. Segments covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with castaneous spot on base, an elongated triangle with parallel-sided base, reaching beyond operculum posterior margin to middle anterior or sternite II. Female meracanthus similarly shaped and colored, reaching to middle of sternite III. Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base, lateral margin straight, curved obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, rounded medial margin, anteromedial margin obliquely angled to base, not reaching to anterior of sternite II posteriorly, well separated medially barely reaching lateral margin of meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Female operculum similarly colored and shaped but only reaching posteriorly to middle of sternite II. Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 piceous with ground color anterior margin and posterolateral corners, tergite 2 with piceous interior timbal cavity piceous, tergites 2–8 piceous anteriorly bordered posteriorly with castaneous and ground color posterior and lateral margins, castaneous expanded in posterior tergites, castaneous replaced with piceous in some paratypes, tergite 8 with piceous on dorsolateral posterior margin, tergites sparsely covered with short silvery pile, denser in some paratypes, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 3–8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color with anterolateral piceous spot, sternite II with small piceous spots on either side of midline near anterior margin, short fascia on posterior margin in middle of tympanal cavity, these marks fuse with central marks in some paratypes, and on auditory capsule, sternites III–VII ground color, sternite III with piceous anterior margin expanding on midline. Epipleurites ground color. Sternite VIII ground color, dorsal margin with curve at posterior of tergite 8 forming an obtuse angle, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on sternites VII and VIII. Female sternite VII ground color with large anterolateral piceous spots, single, deep, U-shaped notch almost reaching anterior margin, posterolateral margin on either side of notch semicircular connecting to straight lateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 ground color ventrally, piceous dorsoanteriorly, dorsolaterally, laterally on stigma and along dorsal midline terminated at end of dorsal beak, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile ventrally. Dorsal beak not as long as piceous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 straight. Genitalia. Male pygofer ground color with piceous anterior, large piceous dorsolateral spots angled mediad posteriorly margined with castaneous, dorsolateral spots terminate anterior to posterior margin, castaneous connecting on midline, small piceous spot on ventral base of distal shoulder, and a castaneous dorsal spot anterior to posterior margin, piceous and connecting across midline in some paratypes, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer with short silvery pile. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer

Chilecicada oraria n. sp. Sanborn and Cole Fig. 8 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 3 (song), Plate 5 (distribution) Chilecicada occidentis (in part) non Walker: 345. Type material. Holotype. “ CHILE. Región del Maule: / Cauquenes Pr.: Comuna de / Cauquenes, Cauquenes, Ruta / 126, / 36.09182S, 72.43223W, 190 m. / 25-XII-2018. JA Cole, / FA Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-24 // JCR181225_ 00 // JAC000003272” ♂ (LACM). Paratypes. “ CHILE. Región del Maule: Provincia / de Cauquenes: Communa de / Cauquenes, Cauquenes, ruta 126, / 36.09182S, 72.43223W, 190 m. / 25-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C. Veloso leg. S18-24 // S18-24” 1♂ (AFSC); “ CHILE. Región del Maule: Provincia / de Cauquenes: Communa de / Cauquenes, Cauquenes, ruta 126, / 36.09182S, 72.43223W, 190 m. / 25-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C. Veloso leg. S18-24 // 181225-21 / S18-24” 1♂ in ethanol (UCMS); “15.CL. ML.CQQ.734 / -36.0992, -72.4466 / 20.XII.2015 K.N., P.L. // Seq.” 1♂ (UCMS); “Angol-Chile / 19.XI.1958 / S. Sénez ” 1♂ (AFSC); “Pelluhue / Chile. Dec. 2 1953 / L.E. Pena ” 2♂ (AFSC); “Tregualemo / Chile / Dec. 1953 / L.E. Pena” 1♂ (AFSC); “Concepcion— Chile / Feb. 1940 / D.S. Bullock” 1♂ (AFSC); “Carmavida / Chile / Dec. 25–31 1953 / L.E. Pena” 1♂ (AFSC); “Nogueche / Chile / Dec. 15–17 1953 / L.E. Pena” 1♀ (AFSC); “Constitucion / Chile / Nov. 1953 / L.E. Pena” 1♂ (AFSC); “15. CL. ML.CQQ.735 / -36.0992, -72.4466 / 20.XII.2015 K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (AFSC); “15.CL. ML.CQQ.749 / -36.0992, -72.4466 / 20.XII.2015 K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (MNNC); “15.CL. ML.CQQ.003 / -36.0992, -72.4466 / 20.XII.2015 K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (UCMS); “15.CL. ML.CQQ.002 / -36.0992, -72.4466 / 20.XII.2015 K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (AFSC). The code 15.CL. ML.CQQ on the label of the last five specimens listed refers to Ruta 126 between Cauquenes and Quirihue, near Estero el Cajon, Maule Region, Chile collected by Katherine Nazario and Piotr Łukasik. Etymology. The name is in reference to the distribution of the species being near the coast (L. orarius, of the coast). Description. Ground color testaceous marked with piceous and castaneous with green costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing, faded to ochraceous in most of type series. Testaceous greenish in some paratypes, live specimens with green more pronounced, especially dorsolaterally and posteriorly, with green pronotal collar, costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing. Body covered with silvery pile. Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color supra-antennal plate, anteromedial corner of vertex and medioposterior head with mark extending lateral to posterior cranial depressions, mark extending anteriorly into posterior epicranial suture and anterior to surround piceous posterior cranial depression forming a spot on either side of ground color mark, extending anteriorly only to posterior cranial depression in some paratypes, short golden pile and radiating long golden pile on dorsal head, very dense on frons, denser long silvery pile posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, eyes dark castaneous margined proximally with ground color. Gena piceous with ground color medial and anterior margins and piceous posteromedial margin along anteclypeus, lorum ground color with piceous mark along anteromedial and posteromedial margins, castaneous spot in middle, short white pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum castaneous with piceous posterior margin, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short white pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus piceous laterally with piceous extending towards midline in middle, short fascia on either side of midline in some paratypes where piceous not expanding medially, with ground color carina, and medial anterior and posterior margins, covered with short white pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum ground color with lateral ovoid castaneous mark and anterolaterad angled castaneous mark in middle, remaining along midline or forming short fascia on either side of midline in some paratypes, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of midline between anterior fissure and posterior paramedian fissure, ground color mark remaining on midline extending more posterior in some paratypes, piceous fuses anteriorly and posteriorly on midline into triangular mark expanding laterally in anterior and ambient fissures, small fascia extending on anterior margin of posterior paramedian fissure, separated from longitudinal fasciae in some paratypes, anterior half of paramedian fissure piceous, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spot on disk just anterior to middle of lateral fissure, additional spots in some paratypes, posterior two-thirds of lateral fissure piceous connecting to piceous ambient fissure, piceous in ambient fissure extends to middle of lateral fissure, extends around disk to anterior lateral fissure in some paratypes, mark in ambient fissure extends irregularly onto posterior lateral disk. Pronotal collar ochraceous, bright green in live specimens, greenish tint in some paratypes, with piceous angled fascia from lateral ambient fissure along anterior margin of pronotal collar lateral angle to anterolateral corner of lateral angle. Pronotum covered with short golden pile, denser in fissures. Mesonotum ground color, submedian sigilla piceous, lateral sigilla piceous with mottled posterior region, anchor-shaped castaneous mark central disk posterior to submedian sigilla, piceous scutal depressions and between anterior arms of cruciform elevation fusing on midline with posterior of anchor-shaped mark, posterior mark expands to fuse with lateral anchor-shaped mark in some paratypes, marks completely fuse in some paratypes and may extend anterolateral to between submedian and lateral sigilla, lateral X of cruciform elevation piceous with mark curving along anterior of lateral cruciform elevation and expanding to spot on anterolateral margin, wing groove ground color with castaneous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally. Metanotum ground color with piceous midline spot and piceous fasciae anterolaterally, mediolaterally and posterolaterally. Dorsum with short silvery pile, denser long silvery pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, on posterior mesonotum, and in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous on basisternum 2, posterior katepisternum 2, posterior margin of trochantin 2, anterior margin and lateral meron 2, mark on medial katepimeron 2 along meron 2 in some paratypes, basisternum 3, transverse fascia on posterior episternum 3 and medial margin of trochantin 3, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively, right hind wing of holotype with five apical cells due to the fusion of apical cells 5 and 6. Venation greenish ochraceous proximally, becoming piceous distally, basal veins bright green in living specimens, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein ochraceous, green in fresh specimens, castaneous mark on base of cubitus anterior adjacent to basal cell, distal anal vein 2 + 3 castaneous. Basal cell about 4.5 times longer than broad. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing orange mottled with red. Hind wing venation similarly colored except castaneous median vein, anal vein 2 and anal vein 3, castaneous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with orange mottled with red, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering orange and red area. Legs. Legs ochraceous, green in some paratypes, proximal coxae piceous, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, fore tibiae with piceous spot proximally, thickly striped with piceous and piceous distal terminus, middle and hind tibiae with thinner and shorter fascia and incomplete marking distally, tibial spurs and tibial combs castaneous with darker tips, tarsi piceous except dark ground color ventral and lateral mesotarsus and annular ground color mark on proximal pretarsus just distal to proximal margin, pretarsal claws piceous with dark ground color base. Fore femora with primary spine adpressed to femur, elevated above femur in most paratypes, secondary spine almost upright with curved tip, and very small tertiary and apical spines, primary and secondary spines ground color with piceous tips, tertiary and apical spines castaneous. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with castaneous spot on base, an elongated triangle, reaching beyond operculum posterior margin to anterior of sternite II. Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, obtusely angled posteromedially, curved in some paratypes, medial margin rounded, anteromedial margin obliquely angled to base, not reaching to anterior of sternite II posteriorly, well separated medially barely reaching lateral base of meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Female operculum similarly colored and shaped but not reaching half the length of meracanthus nor middle of sternite II. Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 ground color with transverse piceous fascia narrowing laterally, tergite 2 with ground color anterior and posterior margins, transverse piceous fascia connecting to anterodorsal timbal cavity, interior timbal cavity piceous, transverse castaneous fascia posterior to piceous fascia extending almost to middle of timbal cavity, tergites 3–8 piceous anteriorly bordered posteriorly with castaneous and ground color posterior and lateral margins, tergite 8 of holotype with short transverse castaneous fascia across midline anterior to posterior margin, mark not found in paratypes, tergites covered with long silvery pile, denser on dorsal tergite 1 and lateral tergites 7 and 8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color with piceous anterior spot, sternite II with small piceous spots on either side of midline near posterior margin and on posterior auditory capsule, sternites III–VII dark ground color, sternite III with piceous anterior margin, holotype with some castaneous staining on sternites, paratypes unicolorous posterior to sternite III. Epipleurites dark ground color. Sternite VIII ground color, dorsal margin with curve near base the sides almost forming a right triangle, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on sternites VII and VIII. Female sternite VII dark ground color with large anterolateral piceous spots, single, deep, V-shaped notch almost reaching anterior margin, posterolateral margin on either side of notch semicircular connecting to straight lateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 ground color with piceous anteromedial and anterolateral margins reducing posteriorly forming a piceous triangular mark terminating as thin fascia on piceous dorsal beak, stigma piceous, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile ventrally. Dorsal beak not as long as piceous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 straight. Genitalia. Male pygofer piceous anteriorly, ground color posteriorly and ventrally, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer with short silvery pile dorsally and posteriorly. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, curving dorsally at oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, widening to semicircular apex, apex convex laterally and concave medially forming a spoon-like terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous with red posterior margin, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous with red posterior margin. Median uncus lobe ground color with piceous base, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, dorsal surface arched with distal quarter angled anteriorly, posterior surface smoothly curved, widening laterally from base before tapering to rounded posterior margin, small ridge on dorsal surface midline, ventral surface almost meeting along midline except for small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus. Only terminal aedeagus of holotype visible, dark castaneous with at least two terminal spines extending from lateral lobes, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous. Female gonocoxite IX piceous with ground color ventral margin, gonapophysis IX castaneous, gonapophysis X piceous. Ovipositor sheath reaching to distal dorsal beak. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath. Measurements (mm). n= 10♂, 1♀, mean (range). Length of body: ♂ 19.20 (17.90–21.00), ♀ 19.75; length of fore wing: ♂ 21.48 (19.90–22.75), ♀ 21.75; width of fore wing: ♂ 7.55 (6.75–8.50), ♀ 7.75; length of head: ♂ 3.37 (3.10–3.45), ♀ 3.15; width of head including eyes: ♂ 6.44 (5.85–6.95), ♀ 6.55; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: ♂ 7.36 (6.30–8.15), ♀ 7.35; width of mesonotum: ♂ 6.26 (5.75–7.00), ♀ 6.35. Song. (n=4: holotype and 1 paratopotype from Región Maule, Cauquenes Pr., 2 paratypes from Q15.CL.ML. CQQ, Regíon Maule, Quirihue) The echeme duration of 0.39± 0.11 s is significantly shorter than all other Chilecicada (MANOVA, P = 1.12×10 -3). These echemes occur at a rate of 1.51± 0.26 s- 1, a rate that is not significantly different from C. partemporaria and C. trifasciunca (MANOVA, P =9.00×10 -1). The dominant frequency band is 8.89–11.52 kHz (mean dominant frequency=10.21±0.42 kHz). Diagnosis. Another of the smaller of the Chilecicada species. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 17.90–21.00 mm, fore wing length between 19.90–22.75 mm, fore wing basal cell about 4.50 times longer than broad, a piceous mark along the proximal fore wing basal cell, no piceous fascia separating the fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins, a triangular meracanthus, medial opercular margin ground color, posteromedial operculum forming an obtuse angle, abdominal epipleurites lack a central spot, and an uncus that is ground color with a piceous base with the dorsal side arched and curving to the terminus. Among the species with slow (~1 s-1) medium echeme duration (~ 0.5 s) songs, C. oraria males deliver short echemes at the upper end of the echeme rate variation. The short echemes of C. oraria will separate that species from those with longer echemes: C. curacaviensis, C. partemporaria, C. trifasciunca, and probably also C. culenesensis, C. pehuenchesensis, and C. magna. The faster echeme rate will separate C. oraria from species that tend to sing at slower echeme rates: C. partemporaria, C. trifasciunca and probably also C. magna and C. pehuenchesensis. Distribution. The species is known from the type series collected in Cauquenes Province in the southwestern corner of the Región del Maule, and a number of coastal communities in central Chile.

Chilecicada citatatemporaria n. sp. Sanborn and Cole Fig. 1 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 2 (song), Plate 4 (wing flick), Plate 5 (distribution) Type material. Holotype. “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Cabildo, / Puente La Mora, Camino E-41, / 32.44125S, 71.00812W, 244 m. / 20-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-05 // JAC000003271” 1♂ (LACM). Paratypes. “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Provincia de Petorca; Comuna de / Cabildo; Puente La Mora, / Camino E-41 / 32.44125S, 71.00812W, 244 m. / 20-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon / C Veloso leg. S18-05 // 181220-12” 1♂ (AFSC); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Cabildo, / Puente La Mora, Camino E-41, / 32.44125S, 71.00812W, 244 m. / 20-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-05 // JAC000000615” 1♂ (LACM). Etymology. The name is a combination of citata - (L. citatus, quick, rapid, speedy) and - temporaria (L. temporarius, of time) in reference to the rapidly produced echemes in the song of the species. Description. Ground color testaceous marked with piceous and castaneous, costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing ochraceous, costal margin green in live specimens. Body covered with silvery pile giving a grayish appearance when alive. Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color anterior supra-antennal plate, anterolateral corner of vertex, and posterior epicranial suture with mark extending laterally along posterior of head to level of lateral ocelli, castaneous spots on anterolateral corners of frons, short silvery pile on dorsal head, denser longer pile posterior to eye. Ocelli dark red, eyes dark castaneous. Gena piceous margined with ground color along medial margin, anteriorly along supra-antennal plate, and posteromedial margin along lorum, medially castaneous in paratype, lorum ground color with piceous mark in anteromedial corner and posteromedial corner, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum piceous posterior to transverse grooves, castaneous mark on posterolateral corners continuous with castaneous spots on anterolateral frons, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short silvery pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus piceous with ground color carina and anterior and posterior margins, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum ground color proximally, castaneous distally, labium castaneous proximally, piceous distally, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to middle of middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of midline fusing medially in anterior fissure and in posterior ambient fissure, lateral and anterior ambient fissures, paramedian, lateral, and lateral portion of posterior ambient fissures piceous, all fissures piceous in paratype, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure, additional spots just posterior to central paramedian fissure. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous mark on anterolateral margin of lateral angle, mark expanded in paratype forming fascia connecting from anterior pronotal collar lateral angle to lateral ambient fissure. Pronotum with short silvery pile, denser in fissures. Mesonotum ground color, submedian sigilla piceous, piceous fused anteromedially, lateral sigilla piceous, lateral longitudinal fascia, darker and larger in paratype, diamond-shaped piceous mark on central disk posterior to submedian sigilla, expanding laterally to piceous scutal depressions and between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, mark extends along anterior midline of cruciform elevation but not reaching posterior margin, piceous spot on posterior mesonotum continuous with piceous mark on anterior half of lateral cruciform elevation, wing groove ground color with piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected by transverse fascia anteriorly. Metanotum ground color with piceous midline and anterolaterally in wing groove. Dorsum covered with silvery pile, denser and longer between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, on posterior mesonotum, and in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous spots on basisternum 2, posterior katepisternum 2, and lateral trochantin 2. Ventral segments covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline, holotype with eight and seven apical cells in the fore wing and four or five apical cells in the hind wings, paratype exhibits eight and six apical cells in the fore and hind wings respectively. Venation greenish proximally, becoming piceous distally, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein greenish separated by piceous fascia to node, anal vein 2 + 3 piceous. Basal cell about 3.67 times longer than broad with piceous mark proximally on cubitus posterior + anal vein 1. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing grayish mottled with orange with darker posterior margin. Hind wing venation greenish with castaneous margining anal vein 2 and anal vein 3, piceous spots on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, and proximal anal cell 1 gray mottled with orange, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering gray. Legs. Legs ground color, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, tibiae with piceous spot proximally, striped with piceous, fascia incomplete in hind tibiae, fore tibiae piceous distally, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, fore tarsi piceous except ground color ventral mesotarus and proximal metatarsus, middle and hind tarsi castaneous with greater proportion of ground color, pretarsal claws ground color proximally with piceous or castaneous tips. Fore femora with primary spine perpendicular to femoral axis, secondary spine upright, longest, with wide base, and very small tertiary spine, spines ground color with piceous proximal margin on primary spine and piceous tip on secondary spine. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with piceous spot on base, an elongated triangle distally curving mediad, reaching beyond operculum posterior margin and middle of tympanal cavity. Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, semicircular medial margin, anteromedial margin curved to base, not reaching to anterior of sternite II posteriorly, well separated medially barely reaching lateral meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 castaneous medially, ground color laterally, with piceous spot anteromedially, expanded into transverse piceous fascia in one paratype, and small piceous spots on either side of midline on posterior margin, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally between timbal cavities, piceous within timbal cavity, castaneous posterior to piceous and timbal cavities with greenish testaceous posterior margin, tergites 3–8 piceous anteriorly bordered posteriorly with greenish testaceous, tergites covered with short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 5–8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color, sternite II testaceous with ground color anterior margin, small transverse piceous fasciae near anterior margin on either side of midline and in middle of tympanal cavity, auditory capsule castaneous centrally, piceous in one paratype, sternites III–VII testaceous, sternite III with piceous fascia on anterior margin expanding into spot on midline and small piceous spots on anterolateral corners, sternites IV and V with small transverse fascia on anterior midline, small transverse fasciae on anterior of sternites IV–VII in one paratype, sternite VII with ground color posterior margin. Epipleurites testaceous with central castaneous spots. Sternite VIII ground color, dorsal margin with gentle curve near base forming an obtuse angle, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on sternites VII and VIII. Genitalia. Male pygofer ground color ventrally and on posterolateral margin, piceous dorsally separated from ground color by castaneous, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, reaching to base of anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer with short silvery pile on dorsolateral posterior. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, slightly curved dorsally, extending more than half pygofer length, distal lobe with parallel sides and semicircular terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous with ground color margins, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube castaneous, piceous in paratype, with ground color anterior and posterior margins. Median uncus lobe piceous at base with castaneous proximal half of lateral margin, ground color distally, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, distally curving toward sternite VIII, widening laterally from base before tapering to rounded posterior margin, small ridge on dorsal surface midline, castaneous proximally, ground color distally, ventral surface dark ground color with piceous base, ventral surfaces almost meeting along midline expanding to small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating golden pile. Aedeagus castaneous with darker lateral fascia, terminus not visible in type series, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous. Measurements (mm). n= 2♂, mean (range). Length of body: ♂ 16.35 (15.75–16.95); length of fore wing: ♂ 17.30 (16.60–18.00); width of fore wing: ♂ 6.38 (6.15–6.60); length of head: ♂ 3.10 (3.00–3.20); width of head including eyes: ♂ 5.33 (5.15–5.50); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: ♂ 6.30 (6.15–6.45); width of mesonotum: ♂ 5.13 (5.00–5.25). Song. (n=4: 1 paratopotype, 2 topotypes (UCMS alcoholic molecular vouchers), 1 male from type locality not captured) Brief echemes of 0.04± 0.00 s duration delivered at a rapid rate of 18.13± 0.89 s- 1. The dominant frequency band is 9.84–12.59 kHz (mean dominant frequency=11.18±0.61 kHz). Echemes are grouped into echeme sequences that vary widely in length, from 1.67 to 24.51 s. The songs of C. citatatemporaria and C. occidentis are not significantly different (MANOVA, P =2.90×10 -1). Diagnosis. This is one of the smaller of the Chilecicada species. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 14.75–16.95 mm, fore wing length between 15.30–18.00 mm, fore wing basal cell about 3.67 times longer than broad, a piceous mark along the proximal fore wing basal cell, a piceous fascia separating the fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins to node, a triangular meracanthus, ground color medial opercular margin, a semicircular posteromedial operculum, abdominal epipleurites with a central spot, and an uncus that is piceous proximally and ground color distally curving distally to terminus. Rapid sequences of echemes separate the song of this species from all other Chilecicada except C. occidentis. The echeme rate is also rapid in C. viridicitata songs but is half (~10 s-1) the C. citatatemporaria rate (~20 s-1). Distribution. The species is known from the type series collected in the Petorca Province of Región de Valparaíso of central Chile.

Chilecicada magna n. sp. Sanborn and Cole Fig. 5 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 2 (song), Plate 4 (wing flick), Plate 5 (distribution) Chilecicada occidentis (in part) non Walker: Figs. 1–9, 341, 345. Type material. Holotype. “16.CL. ML.CCP.037 / -35.8144, -70.8314 / 6.I.2016 C. V., J.M.” ♂ (UCMS). Paratypes. “14.CL.LI.CCC.493.1 / -34.2343, -70.4806 / 15.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♀ (MNNC); “14.CL.LI.CCC.493.2 / -34.2343, -70.4806 / 15.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (MNNC); “14.CL.LI.CCC.491.1 / -34.2343, -70.4806 / 15.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♀ (UCMS); “14.CL.LI.CCC.491.2 / -34.2343, -70.4806 / 15.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (UCMS); “15.CL. ML.LMT.721 / -34.9691, -70.9461 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (UCMS); “15.CL. ML. LMT.724.2 / -34.9691, -70.9461 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (UCMS); “15.CL. ML.LMT.725 / -34.9691, -70.9461 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” 1♀ (AFSC); “15.CL. ML.LMT.724.1 / -34.9691, -70.9461 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (AFSC); “ Sex: Male (12) / Collector: C. Veloso & C. Cecchi / Date: 01/27/10 / Location Farellones. RM. / (33°20’51” S. 70°19’15”W. 1830 m)” 1♂ (AFSC); “El Canelo / Chile / Dec. 29 1950 / L. E. Pena ” 2♂ and 2♀ (AFSC); “Cjn. Del Maipo / Santiago / X-XII-1978 / Coll. L.E. Pena ” 1♂ (AFSC); “ CHILE: Región Metro. / curva 18, 6km W. / Corral Qumada / 33°21’ S 180m / 70°20’ W 11.XI.1994 / SL Heydon & E. Arias / ex Baccharis ” 1♂ (AFSC). The code 16.CL. ML.CCP.037 refers to the side of the road, Valley of Rio Maule, Maule Región, Chile collected by collected by Claudio Veloso and John McCutcheon and is the type locality of the species. The code 14.CL.LI.CCC refers to the area near the confluence of rivers Pangal and Cachapoal, 7 km SE from the village of Coya, O’Higgins Regions, Chile. The 15.CL. ML.LMT refers to the View point near the village of La Montana, Maule Region, Chile collected by Claudio Veloso and Piotr Łukasik. Etymology. The name (L. magnus, large, great) in reference to the large body size of the species in comparison to the majority of congeneric species. Description. Ground color testaceous heavily marked with piceous, ochraceous costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing. Costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing faded with greenish tinge in some paratypes. Body covered with silvery pile. Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color supra-antennal plate, medial margin along postclypeus ground color in some paratypes, medial supra-antennal plate piceous in one paratype, ground color anteromedial corner of vertex ground color posterior cranial depression with mark extending laterally to level of posterior cranial depression, extending as far laterad as medial angle of eye in some paratypes, mark extending anteriorly into posterior epicranial suture or anteriorly to surround piceous posterior cranial depression forming a spot on either side of ground color mark in some paratypes, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on dorsal head, denser in some paratypes, denser long silvery pile posterior to eye. Two ocelli rosaceous, one ochraceous, rosaceous or combination in paratypes, eyes dark castaneous margined proximally with ground color. Gena piceous centrally surrounded by ground color on anterior, medial and posteromedial margins along lorum, lorum piceous with ground color anteromedial corner and anterior and lateral margins, short white pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum piceous with angled elongated castaneous spot on either side of midline, long white pile radiating from postclypeus, short white pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus with ground color carina, medial anterior and posterior margins, piceous laterally with piceous extending towards midline in middle, ground color expanding laterally in some paratypes, short fascia on either side of midline in some paratypes where piceous not expanding medially, covered with short white pile and radiating long white pile. Mentum ground color with lateral U-shaped castaneous fascia pointing distally, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to anterior of hind coxae. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of midline between anterior fissure and pronotal collar, mark extending laterad anteriorly and posteriorly to form triangular mark terminating in fissure, anteromedial, lateral and posterior ambient fissures, paramedian and lateral fissures piceous, all fissures piceous in some paratypes, anterior paramedian and lateral fissures ground color in some paratypes, mark in ambient fissure extending irregularly onto disks, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk just posterior to central paramedian fissure and anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure, spots expanded or reduced in some paratypes. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous anterior margin dorsally, angled piceous fascia from lateral ambient fissure along anterior margin of pronotal collar lateral angle, mark extending to posterolateral corner of lateral angle in some paratypes. Short silvery pile in pronotal fissures, also on disks in some paratypes. Mesonotum piceous with ground color anterolateral corner, lateral margin, J-shaped fascia along parapsidal suture, posterolateral surface extending as fascia to surround posterior lateral sigilla connecting to anterior arm of cruciform elevation, piceous mark lateral to lateral sigillum extending to lateral margin, reduced or absent in some paratypes, cruciform elevation ground color except between anterior arms, small mark on anterior midline, anterior half of lateral cruciform elevation piceous, wing groove ground color with piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected anteriorly by transverse piceous fascia. Metanotum ground color with piceous midline and anterolateral, mediolateral and posterolateral fasciae, small, semicircular notch in posteromedial margin. Dorsum with silvery pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, and long silvery pile in wing groove, short silvery pile on dorsum in some paratypes. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous on central basisternum 2, posterior katepisternum 2, medial anepisternum 2, lateral trochantin 2, anterior margin and lateral meron 2, basisternum 3, transverse fascia on episternum 3 and lateral trochantin 3, piceous expanded or reduced in some paratypes. Ventral segments covered with short white pile and radiating long white pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively. Venation ochraceous, greenish-ochraceous in some paratypes, proximally, becoming piceous distally, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein separated by piceous fascia proximally along basal cell, extending distal to basal cell or absent in some paratypes, cubitus posterior piceous, posterior of anal vein 2 + 3 piceous. Basal cell about 3.75 times longer than broad with piceous mark proximally. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing orange mottled with red with darker posterior margin. Hind wing venation similarly colored except piceous median vein, anal vein 2 and anal vein 3, piceous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with orange mottled with red, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering orange and red area and base of cubital cell 1, cubital cell 2 and anal cell 1. Legs. Legs ochraceous, tinged with green in some paratypes, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, fore tibiae with piceous spot proximally, striped with piceous and piceous distal terminus, middle with thinner and shorter fascia and incomplete marking distally, hind tibiae proximal spot reduced to three small spots without the fascia and terminal mark, tibial spurs and tibial combs castaneous with darker tips, tarsi piceous except ground color proximal pretarsus in fore tarsi, ventral and lateral mesotarsus also ground color in middle tarsi, and all but distal pretarsus ground color in hind tarsi, pretarsal claws piceous. Fore femora with primary spine angled to femur, secondary spine almost upright, angled distally in some paratypes, with proximally expanding base, and very small tertiary spine, primary spine piceous with ground color base, secondary spine ground color with piceous tip, darker in some paratypes, tertiary spine ground color, piceous in some paratypes. Proximal segments with short white pile, all segments radiating white silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with piceous spot on base, an elongated triangle with parallel-sided base and triangular tip, reaching to posterior margin of sternite I but not reaching posterior of tympanal cavity. Female meracanthus similarly shaped and colored, reaching to anterior of sternite III. Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, medial margin rectangular, anteromedial margin obliquely angled to base, lightly margined with piceous in some paratypes, not reaching to anterior of sternite II posteriorly, well separated medially extending under lateral margin of meracanthus, covered with short white pile, long white pile radiating from operculum margin. Female operculum similarly colored and shaped but only reaching just past half the length of the meracanthus to the middle of sternite II. Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 with ground color anterior margin, anterolateral and posterolateral corners, with transverse piceous fascia narrowing laterally and dark ground color dorsoposterior margin, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally between timbal cavity medial margins, piceous margined with castaneous posteriorly, ground color posteriorly and laterally, piceous within timbal cavity, tergites 3–8 piceous bordered posteriorly and laterally with ground color, ground color proportion increasing in tergites 7 and 8 becoming half of tergite 8, tergites covered with sparse, short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 5–8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, ground color in holotype, piceous in some paratypes, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color, sternite II ground color with small piceous spots on either side of midline and posterior auditory capsule, sternite III ground color with piceous anterior margin and transverse piceous spot posterior to piceous fascia, fusing to piceous fascia in some paratypes, sternites IV–VII ground color. Epipleurites ground color, light castaneous spot centrally, much darker and obvious in some paratypes. Sternite VIII ground color with small piceous spot ventral to dorsal margin curve, dorsal margin with curve near base forming a slightly obtuse angle, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on medial sternites I and II and on sternites VII and VIII. Female sternite VII ground color with large anterolateral piceous spots, single, deep, V-shaped notch almost reaching anterior margin, posterolateral margin on either side of notch curved, connecting to straight lateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 ground color ventrally and posteriorly, piceous dorsally, dorsoanteriorly, dorsolaterally, on stigma, piceous margined with castaneous, castaneous fascia on ventrolateral surface ventral to stigma in one paratype, dorsal beak piceous, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile ventrally. Dorsal beak not as long as piceous margined with ground color anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 straight. Genitalia. Male pygofer ground color with piceous dorsally, anterolaterally, and dorsolateral spots anterior to posterior margin that fuse to dorsal mark, a small castaneous spot on ventral base of distal shoulder, piceous or absent in some paratypes, ground color expanded in some paratypes, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to middle of anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer with short silvery pile on dorsolateral posterior. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, curving dorsally at slightly oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, expanding distal to bend to spoon-shaped terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous with ground color margins, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous with ground color posterior margin. Median uncus lobe ground color with piceous base, dorsolateral castaneous fascia narrowing and terminating proximal to terminus, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, distal third angled toward sternite VIII, widening laterally from base before tapering to pointed posterior margin leaving small notch on terminus, small ground color ridge on distal dorsal surface midline, ventral surface recurved, almost meeting along midline except for small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating long golden pile.Aedeagus castaneous with darker lateral fascia with a pair of terminal spines extending from ochraceous lateral lobes, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous. Female gonocoxite IX piceous with ground color ventral margin, gonapophysis IX castaneous with piceous tip, gonapophysis X piceous. Ovipositor sheath not reaching terminus of dorsal beak, reaching to middle of anal styles. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath. Measurements (mm). n= 10♂, 5♀, mean (range). Length of body: ♂ 19.61 (18.45–20.70), ♀ 19.67 (18.80– 20.45); length of fore wing: ♂ 22.49 (21.35–23.20), ♀ 23.33 (22.30–24.80); width of fore wing: ♂ 8.24 (7.95–8.85), ♀ 8.55 (8.00–9.30); length of head: ♂ 3.40 (3.25–3.60), ♀ 3.43 (3.35–3.60); width of head including eyes: ♂ 6.60 (6.40–6.80), ♀ 6.68 (6.20–7.00); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: ♂ 7.12 (7.05–7.35), ♀ 7.58 (7.20–8.00); width of mesonotum: ♂ 6.14 (6.00–6.30), ♀ 6.33 (6.70–6.10). Song. (n=1, a 45 s recording of a paratype from 15.CL.ML.LMT, O’Higgins Region, La Montana) Echemes lasting 0.53 s produced at a rate of 1.20 s- 1. Echeme duration is significantly shorter than C. curacaviensis, C. partemporaria, and C. trifasciunca (1-sample t -test, P =3.86×10 -7) but significantly longer than C. oraria (1-sample t -test, P =1.65×10 -6). There are no significant echeme rate differences between C. magna and C. curacaviensis, C. oraria, C. partemporaria, and C. trifasciunca. The dominant frequency band is 8.96–11.08 kHz (mean dominant frequency=10.25 kHz). Diagnosis. One of the larger of the Chilecicada species. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 18.45–20.70 mm, fore wing length between 21.35–24.80 mm, fore wing basal cell about 3.75 times longer than broad, a piceous mark along the proximal fore wing basal cell, a piceous fascia separating the proximal fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins, an elongated meracanthus with a parallelsided base and triangular distal terminus, ground color medial opercular margin, rectangular medial operculum, abdominal epipleurites with a central spot, and an uncus that is piceous with ground color lateral and dorsal fasciae with the distal third bent to terminus. The song is the common medium echeme duration (~ 0.5 s) slow echeme rate (~1 s-1) type shared with C. culenesensis, C. curacaviensis, C. partemporaria, C. oraria, C. pehuenchesensis, and C. trifasciunca. The single recording suggests that the C. magna echeme duration may be intermediate between other species with similar songs: shorter than C. curacaviensis, C. partemporaria, C. trifasciunca, and perhaps C. culenesensis, but longer than C. oraria. Echeme durations may be indistinguishable between C. magna and C. pehuenchesensis. The lack of concomitant echeme rate differences will make song-based diagnosis difficult. Distribution. The species is known from the type series collected in multiple localities in the Maule, Metropolitana, and O’Higgins Regions of central Chile.

Chilecicada curacaviensis n. sp. Sanborn and Cole Fig. 3 (morphology), Plate 2 (song), Plate 5 (distribution) Type material. Holotype. “ CHILE. Región Metropolitana: / Melipilla Pr. Comuna de / Curacaví: G-864-F, 4 km east of El / Pangue, / 33.26978S, 71.18206W, 431 m. / 5-I-2019. JA Cole, FA Calderon / leg. S19-47 // 190105-010 (FC) // JAC000003273 ” ♂ (LACM). Etymology. The name is a combination of curacavi -and - ensis (L. suffix denoting place) in reference to the place of origin of the type specimen. Description. Ground color dark testaceous marked with piceous and castaneous, ochraceous costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing, probably faded from green due to ethanol exposure. Body covered with silvery pile. Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color anterior margin of supraantennal plate and anteromedial corner of vertex, short silvery pile on dorsal head, longer, denser pile posterior to eye. Ocelli red, eyes dark castaneous lightly margined with ground color at medial angle. Gena piceous margined with ground color medial margin, anteriorly along supra-antennal plate, and posteromedial margin along lorum, lorum piceous with ground color lateral margin, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, piceous fusing medially across transverse ridges near apex, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum piceous except for ground color spot lateral to anterior terminus of central sulcus, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short silvery pile along lateral margin and within transverse grooves. Anteclypeus piceous with ground color posterior half of carina, medial anterior margin and posterior margin, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum piceous with ground color medial margin, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to middle of middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of midline fusing medially in anterior fissure and in posterior ambient fissure, fissures piceous, mark in lateral fissure expanding onto lateral disk, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure and just posterior to central paramedian fissure. Pronotal collar ground color posteriorly, piceous expanding from ambient fissure over most of the dorsal and mediolateral collar along ambient fissure, piceous on lateral collar extending to lateral margin continuing on anterolateral margin of lateral angle margining the lateral angle of the pronotal collar with piceous. Pronotum with sparse, short silvery pile, denser in fissures. Mesonotum piceous with ground color outlining submedian sigilla but not reaching anterior margin, surrounding posterior two-thirds of lateral sigilla, on anterolateral corner, lateral margin, cruciform elevation and wing groove, piceous mark on central disk extends across central cruciform elevation midline, posterior of anterior arms and anterior half of lateral cruciform elevation piceous extending to form piceous spots on distal terminus of posterior arm, wing groove ground color with piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected by transverse fascia anteriorly. Metanotum ground color with piceous midline, anterolateral region, and posterolateral fascia. Dorsum covered with sparse silvery pile, denser and longer between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, and in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments piceous margined with ground color medially, lateral segments ground color with piceous central regions. Ventral segments covered with short and radiating long silvery pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively. Venation ochraceous proximally, becoming piceous distally, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein ochraceous separated by piceous fascia proximally along basal cell, cubitus posterior and anal vein 2 + 3 piceous, piceous spot on wing base. Basal cell about 3.5 times longer than broad. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing grayish mottled with red with darker posterior margin. Hind wing venation similarly colored except piceous median vein, cubitus posterior, anal vein 2, and anal vein 3, piceous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, posterior to cubitus posterior, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with gray mottled with red, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering gray and red area and in base of cubital cell 1, cubital cell 2 and anal cell 1. Legs. Legs ground color, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, tibiae with piceous spot proximally, tibiae striped with piceous anteriorly and piceous distally, middle tibiae with thinner and shorter fasciae and lesser amount of terminus piceous, hind tibiae lacking terminal mark, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, tarsi piceous except ground color majority of mesotari and proximal pretarsus in hind tarsi, pretarsal claws castaneous with piceous tips. Fore femora with primary spine angled to femur, stout, secondary spine almost upright, slightly widened base, longest, and small tertiary spine, all spines piceous. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with piceous spot on base, an elongated triangle with parallel-sided base, reaching beyond operculum posterior margin but not reaching posterior of sternite I. Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, medial margin rounded, anteromedial margin curved to base, reaching to about middle of tympanal cavity posteriorly, well separated medially extending medially under lateral meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 with ground color anterior margin, anterolateral and posterolateral corners, with transverse piceous fascia narrowing laterally and castaneous posterior margin, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally to dorsolateral timbal cavities, piceous within timbal cavity and on lateral margin, castaneous posterior to piceous, lighter on posterior margin, ground color on anterolateral corner of timbal cavity, tergites 3–8 piceous anteriorly bordered posteriorly with castaneous, amount of castaneous increasing in posterior tergites, tergites covered with sparse, short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 5–8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color marked with piceous near anterior and posterior margins, sternite II testaceous with ground color anterolateral margin, transverse piceous fascia on anterior margin extending to medial third of tympanal cavity, auditory capsule piceous, sternite III testaceous with transverse piceous fascia on anterior margin extending on midline forming central spot, sternites IV–VI testaceous with transverse piceous mark in center bordered posteriorly with castaneous, increasing in size in posterior sternites, sternite VII testaceous with small piceous mark on anterior midline. Epipleurites testaceous with large piceous spots. Sternite VIII ground color, dorsal margin smoothly curved near base, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on sternites VII and VIII. Genitalia. Male pygofer ground color ventrally, ventrolaterally and on posterior margin, piceous dorsally, dorsolaterally and posterolaterally, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer covered with short silvery pile. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, slightly angled dorsally at oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, expanding after angle before forming rounded terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous margined with ground color at base, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous with ground color anterior and posterior margins. Median uncus lobe piceous with dark ground color lateral margin distal to base, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, dorsal surface smoothly curved and ventral surface straight with down turned terminus when viewed from the side, widening laterally from base before tapering to pointed posterior margin, small castaneous ridge on dorsal surface midline, ventral surface dark ground color with piceous base, ventral surfaces recurved, almost meeting along midline expanding to small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating golden pile. Aedeagus not visible in type specimen. Female is unknown. Measurements (mm). n= 1♂. Length of body: 17.35; length of fore wing: 20.70; width of fore wing: 7.10; length of head: 3.00; width of head including eyes: 5.80; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 6.45; width of mesonotum: 5.55. Song. (n=4, holotype and 3 topotype males not captured) Echemes of length 0.58±0.11 repeat at a rate of 1.43± 0.46 s- 1. The C. curacaviensis echeme duration is significantly longer than those of C. oraria and C. trifasciunca (MANOVA, P =2.26×10 -3). The echeme rate is at the upper end of variation for this song type and is often faster than the rates of C. partemporaria and C. trifasciunca but the differences are not significant (MANOVA, P =9.00×10 -2). The dominant frequency band is 9.22–11.58 kHz (mean dominant frequency=10.46±0.04 kHz). Diagnosis. Another of the smaller of the Chilecicada species. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length about 17.35 mm, fore wing length about 20.70 mm, fore wing basal cell about 3.50 times longer than broad, proximal fore wing basal cell lacking a piceous marking, a piceous fascia separating the proximal fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins, an elongated meracanthus with parallel-sided base and triangular terminus, a ground color medial opercular margin, a semicircular a semicircular posteromedial operculum, abdominal epipleurites with a central spot, and an uncus that is piceous with ground color lateral and dorsal fasciae and smoothly curved on the dorsal surface. It is most similar to C. culenesensis n. sp. but differs in the ambient vein of the fore wing is smoothly curved posteriorly rather than being obtusely angled and the dorsal uncus is only curved distally in that species. Shares the common medium echeme duration, slow echeme rate song type shared with C. culenesensis, C. magna, C. oraria, C. partemporaria, C. pehuenchesensis, and C. trifasciunca. Longer echemes separate C. curacaviensis from the shorter echemes of C. oraria, C. trifasciunca, and perhaps also C. magna and C. pehuenchesensis.Although the echeme durations are similar, echeme rate tends to be faster in C. curacaviensis than in C. partemporaria and C. trifasciunca. The song is perhaps indistinguishable from C. culenesensis. Distribution. The species is known from the type specimen collected 4 km east of El Pangue, Comuna de Curacaví, Provincia de Melipilla, Metropolitana de Santiago Region, Chile.

Chilecicada pehuenchesensis n. sp. Sanborn and Cole Fig. 11 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 3 (song), Plate 4 (wing flick), Plate 5 (distribution) Type material. Holotype. “15.CL. RM. CDM.602 / -33.8192, -70.1322 / 5.XII.2015 Piotr Lukasik” ♂ (UCMS). Paratypes. “15.CL. RM. CDM.604 / -33.8192, -70.1322 / 5.XII.2015 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (MNNC); “14.CL. RM. CEY.517.1 / -33.7878, -70.1816 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (UCMS); “14.CL. RM.CEY.516 / -33.7878, - 70.1816 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (AFSC). The code 15.CL. RM. CDM refers to the side of the road Camino Al Volcán, 3.5 km E from the village of El Volcán, Cajón del Maipo, -33.8233, -70.1220, Metropolitan Region, Chile and is the type locality for the species. The GPS data on the label are incorrect. The code 14.CL. RM.CEY refers to Cajón del Maipo, Camino Embalse el Yeso 2 (sitio alto), Región Metropolitana, Chile. The code 14.CL. RM.CAV refers the side of the road Camino Al Volcán, 3.5 km E from the village El Volcan, Cajón del Maipo, Metropolitan Region, Chile. Etymology. The name is a combination of pehuenches - and - ensis (L. suffix denoting place) in reference to the distribution of the species and the Pehuenches people of central Chile. Description. Ground color testaceous heavily marked with piceous, ochraceous costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing. Costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing probably faded from green to ochraceous due to ethanol exposure in type series. Body covered with sparse, silvery pile. Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color supra-antennal plate anterior margin, mark extending along anteromedial and anterolateral margin, reduced in some paratypes, anteromedial corner of vertex and medioposterior head with mark extending laterally to posterior epicranial suture angled anterolaterally to anterior of piceous posterior cranial depressions, sparse, short silvery pile on dorsal head, denser long silvery pile posterior to eye. Ocelli ochraceous, rosaceous in some paratypes, eyes dark castaneous with lighter proximal margin. Gena piceous centrally margined by ground color on medial, anterior and posteromedial margins along lorum, lorum piceous with ground color lateral margin and central fascia splitting piceous into two large spots, short white pile and radiating long white pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum piceous posterior to transverse grooves, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short white pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus with ground color carina, medial anterior margin and medial posterior margin extending laterad beyond carina, covered with short white pile and radiating long white pile. Mentum ground color with lateral U-shaped castaneous fascia pointing distally, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to posterior of middle coxae. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fasciae on either side of midline between anterior fissure and pronotal collar, expanding laterally into triangular mark along anterior and posterior fissures, fissures piceous except anterior fissure medial to anterior end of paramedian fissure, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk just posterior to central paramedian fissure and anterior to middle of lateral fissure, central lateral fissure expanding onto disk, separating partially or completely to form short fascia parallel to lateral fissure in some paratypes. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous margin along ambient fissure, anterior half of lateral angle of pronotal collar piceous, reduced distally or absent in some paratypes. Pronotum with short silvery pile in fissures. Mesonotum ground color, sigilla piceous surrounded with ground color not reaching anterior margin between sigilla, small longitudinal piceous mark lateral to lateral sigilla, central disk posterior to submedian sigilla, scutal depressions and area between anterior arms of cruciform elevation piceous, cruciform elevation ground color anterior half of lateral cruciform elevation piceous, wing groove ground color with piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected anteriorly by transverse fascia. Metanotum ground color with piceous midline, piceous anterolateral, mediolateral and posterolateral fasciae, smoothly curved concavity in dorsal posterior margin. Dorsum covered with short silvery pile, longer and denser silvery pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, in wing groove, and radiating from lateral metanotum. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous on basisternum 2, posterior katepisternum 2, medial anepimeron 2, lateral spot on trochantin 2, basisternum 3, transverse fascia on lateral episternum 3 and medial spot on trochantin 3, piceous reduced in some paratypes. Ventral segments covered with short white pile and radiating long white pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively, radial crossvein missing in hind wing of holotype and one paratype leaving five apical cells in one hind wing. Venation ochraceous proximally, becoming piceous distally, proximal and distal venation distinctly contrasting, piceous fascia along anterior basal cell, piceous fascia on anterior costal margin to distal basal cell, cubitus posterior piceous, posterior of anal vein 2 + 3 piceous at curve, piceous spot on wing base. Basal cell about 4.20 times longer than broad. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing gray mottled with orange with darker posterior margin. Hind wing venation similarly colored except piceous median vein and castaneous anal vein 2 and anal vein 3, piceous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with gray mottled with orange, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering gray and orange area and base of cubital cell 1 and cubital cell 2. Legs. Legs ground color, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, tibiae with piceous spot proximally, fore tibiae thickly striped with piceous anteriorly and piceous distally, middle tibiae with thinner fasciae and lesser amount of terminus piceous, hind tibiae lacking fascia and terminal mark, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, tarsi piceous except ground color proximal pretarsus, pretarsal claws dark ground color with piceous tips. Fore femora with primary spine angled to femur, longest, secondary spine upright with curving proximal base, and small tertiary spine, primary and secondary spines piceous with ground color base, tertiary spine ground color. Proximal segments with short white pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with piceous spot on base, elongated, with parallel sides proximally becoming triangular distally, reaching beyond operculum posterior margin but not reaching posterior of sternite I. Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, obtusely angled posteromedially, medial margin rounded, anteromedial margin obliquely angled to base, not reaching posteriorly to posterior of sternite I, well separated medially not reaching lateral margin of meracanthus, covered with short white pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 with ground color anterior margin, anterolateral corner and lateral margin, with transverse piceous fascia narrowing laterally and not reaching lateral margin, posterior margin castaneous, ground color in some paratypes, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally with castaneous extending to medial timbal cavity margin, castaneous replaced with ground color in some paratypes, piceous within timbal cavity, remainder of tergite ground color, tergites 3–6 piceous bordered posteriorly and laterally with dark ground color and castaneous mark on dorsal midline posterior to piceous, ground color proportion increasing in posterior tergites until becoming more than half of tergite 8, tergites covered with sparse, short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergite 8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color, sternite II ground color with ground color anterolateral margin, small transverse piceous fascia on either side of midline and along anteromedial margin posterior to tympanal cavity with piceous auditory capsule, sternite III dark ground color with piceous anterior margin, short, transverse piceous fascia across midline just posterior to piceous fascia along anterior margin, piceous fascia fused in some paratypes, sternites IV–VII dark ground color. Epipleurites dark ground color. Sternite VIII ground color with piceous spot on either side of midline near anterior margin, dorsal margin with curve near base forming an obtuse angle, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on medial sternites I–III and on sternites VII and VIII. Genitalia. Ventral male pygofer and posterior margin ground color, piceous dorsally and dorsolaterally, piceous spot on ventral base posterior to distal terminus of basal pygofer lobe, and piceous anteroventral margin, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to distal anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer with long silvery pile on dorsolateral posterior. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, curving dorsally at slightly oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, distally with parallel sides rounded terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous with ground color margins, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous with ground color anterior and posterior margins. Median uncus lobe with piceous base and dorsolateral fascia almost reaching terminus, dark ground color lateral margin distal to base and ground color dorsal ridge, uncus elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, distal quarter of ventral surface very slightly angled toward sternite VIII, dorsal surface straight to distal curve when viewed from the side, widening laterally from base before tapering to rounded posterior margin, ventral surface ground color with piceous base, recurved, almost meeting along midline except for small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus. Aedeagus castaneous with darker lateral fascia with a pair of small terminal spines extending from ochraceous lateral lobes, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous. Female is unknown. Measurements (mm). n= 4♂, mean (range). Length of body: 16.44 (15.85–17.15); length of fore wing: 18.76 (18.50–18.90); width of fore wing: 6.68 (6.30–7.00); length of head: 2.98 (2.90–3.05); width of head including eyes: 5.61 (5.50–5.75); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 6.06 (6.00–6.15); width of mesonotum: 4.94 (4.80–5.15). Song. (n=1 paratopotype from 15.CL.RM.CDM) Echemes lasting 0.53 s delivered at a rate of 1.11 s- 1. Male C. pehuenchesensis echemes are significantly longer than those of C. oraria (1-sample t -test, P =5.23×10 -3) and significantly shorter than those of C. curacaviensis, C. partemporaria, and C. trifasciunca (1-sample t -test, P =3.43×10 -7). The slow echeme rate is similar to that of C. partemporaria and C. trifasciata (1-sample t -test, P =1.71×10 -1) and significantly faster than that of C. curacaviensis and C. oraria (1-sample t -test, P =2.31×10 -2). The dominant frequency band of 10.17–11.29 kHz (mean dominant frequency=10.71 kHz) is at the upper end of variation for the genus. Diagnosis. Another of the smaller of the Chilecicada species. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 15.85–17.15 mm, fore wing length between 18.50–18.90 mm, fore wing basal cell about 4.20 times longer than broad, proximal fore wing basal cell ground color, no fascia separating the fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins, an elongated meracanthus with a triangular terminus, ground color medial opercular margin, posteromedial operculum forming an obtuse angle, abdominal epipleurites lack a central spot, and an uncus that is ground color with a piceous base and dorsolateral fasciae not reaching distal terminus, the distal quarter curving to the terminus. It has a similar appearance to C. trifasciunca but is smaller and narrower. Based on the single recording, the C. pehuenchesensis echeme duration may be longer than C. oraria and shorter than C. curacaviensis, C. partemporaria, C. trifasciunca, and probably C. culenesensis. The C. pehuenchesensis and C. magna songs may be indistinguishable. The high frequency may turn out to be diagnostic, and is approached only by certain songs of C. partemporaria and C. trifasciunca. Distribution. The species is known from the type series collected in multiple localities in the Metropolitan Region of central Chile.

Chilecicada parrajaraorum n. sp. Sanborn Fig. 9 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 5 (distribution) Type material. Holotype. “15.CL.LI.LCB.722 / -34.2993, -71.2636 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” ♂ (UCMS). Paratypes. 14.CL. RM.PLN.520.2 / -33.4926, -70.5177 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik ” 1♂ (AFSC). The code 15.CL. LI.LCB refers to a hill near the village of Las Cabras, O’Higgins Region, Chile collected by Claudio Veloso, Katherine Nazario and Piotr Łukasik. The code 14.CL. RM.PLN refers to Park Quebrada de Macul, Peñalolen, Santiago, Metropolitan Region, Chile. Etymology. The name is a combination of parra -, - jara - and - orum (L. genitive plural). The species is named in honor of Violeta del Carmen Parra Sandoval (1917-1967) and Victor Lidio Jara Martinez (1932-1973), popular Chilean singers and songwriters in reference to the importance of the songs in identifying species of Chilecicada. Description. Ground color dark testaceous marked with piceous and castaneous, greenish testaceous costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing, probably faded from green in live specimens due to ethanol exposure. Body covered with silvery pile. Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color spots on junction of anterolateral supra-antennal plate margin and anteromedial corner of vertex and in posterior epicranial suture, short silvery pile on dorsal head, denser longer pile posterior to eye. Ocelli red, eyes dark castaneous lightly margined with ground color. Gena piceous margined with ground color medial margin, anteriorly along supra-antennal plate, and posteromedial margin along lorum, lorum ground color with piceous spots on anteromedial and posteromedial corners, piceous with ground color lateral margin in paratype, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves, central sulcus and dorsum, 12 transverse grooves, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short silvery pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus piceous with ground color carina and anterior and posterior margins, piceous extending across middle of carina in holotype, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum ground color with lateral U-shaped castaneous mark, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to middle of middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of midline fusing medially anteriorly and posteriorly forming a triangular mark tapering laterally to anterior fissure and posterior ambient fissure, fissures piceous, mark in lateral fissure expanding onto lateral disk, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure and just posterior to central paramedian fissure. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous extending from ambient fissure, dorsally piceous covering majority of pronotal collar, lateral angle margined with piceous extended medially from anterolateral corner to lateral ambient fissure. Pronotum with sparse, short silvery pile in fissures, additional pile on pronotal collar lateral angle in paratype. Mesonotum piceous with ground color outlining sigilla but not reaching anterior margin, on anterolateral corner, most of cruciform elevation and wing groove, mark on central disk extends along anterior half of cruciform elevation midline, anterior half and medial regions of lateral cruciform elevation piceous, mark extending onto posterior mesonotum, wing groove ground color with piceous medial spot, piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected by transverse fascia anteriorly. Metanotum with posterior notch on dorsal midline, ground color with piceous midline, anterolateral region, and posterolateral fascia. Dorsum covered with sparse silvery pile, denser and longer between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, and in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments piceous margined with ground color, ground color expanded in anepimeron 2 and katepimeron 2. Ventral segments covered with short silvery and radiating long silvery pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively. Venation greenishtestaceous proximally, becoming piceous distally, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein separated by piceous fascia extending to node, cubitus posterior and anal vein 2 + 3 piceous, piceous spot on basal vein of clavus. Basal cell about 3.7 times longer than broad with small infuscation in anterodistal corner, absent in paratype. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing grayish mottled with orange with darker posterior margin. Hind wing venation similarly colored except piceous median vein, cubitus posterior, anal vein 2, anal vein 3, cubitus posterior ground color and anal veins castaneous in paratype, piceous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, posterior to cubitus posterior, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with gray mottled with orange, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering gray and orange area and in base of cubital cell 1, cubital cell 2 and anal cell 1. Legs. Legs ground color, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, tibiae with piceous spot proximally, fore tibiae thickly striped with piceous anteriorly and piceous distally, middle tibiae with thinner fasciae and lesser amount of terminus piceous, hind tibiae with shorter distal fascia and lacking terminal mark, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, tarsi piceous except ground color proximal pretarsus in middle leg and majority of tarsi in hind tarsi, pretarsal claws castaneous with piceous tips. Fore femora with primary spine angled to femur, secondary spine almost upright with broad proximal base, longest, and small tertiary spine, all spines piceous. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with piceous spot on base, an elongated triangle distally curving mediad, reaching slightly beyond operculum posterior margin to posterior of sternite I. Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base and piceous medial margin, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin obtusely angled becoming transverse medially, medial margin rounded, anteromedial margin curved to base, reaching beyond middle of tympanal cavity posteriorly but not reaching sternite II, well separated medially barely reaching lateral meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 with ground color anterior margin, anterolateral and posterolateral corners, with transverse piceous fascia narrowing laterally, margined posteriorly with castaneous and ground color dorsoposterior margin, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally between timbal cavities, piceous within timbal cavity and on lateral margin, piceous extending posteriorly on dorsal midline not reaching posterior margin, castaneous posterior to piceous and dorsolateral timbal cavities with ground color dorsolaterally, tergites 3–8 piceous bordered posteriorly with ground color, transverse castaneous mark on dorsal midline posterior to piceous, tergites covered with sparse, short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 7 and 8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color marked with piceous along anterolateral and posteromedial margins, sternite II testaceous with ground color anterolateral margin, transverse piceous fascia on either side of midline and along anterior margin reaching piceous auditory capsule, sternite III with transverse piceous fascia on anterior margin, large anteromedial and small lateral castaneous spots, sternites IV–VI testaceous anteromedial castaneous mark in center and lateral castaneous spots, reducing in size in posterior sternites, medial spots larger in paratype, sternite VII testaceous. Epipleurites testaceous with central castaneous spot. Sternite VIII ground color with curving castaneous marks on anterolateral margin and castaneous spot ventral to dorsal margin curve, dorsal margin smoothly curved near base, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on sternites VII and VIII. Genitalia. Male pygofer ground color ventrally and on posterior margin, piceous dorsally and posterolaterally, separated from ground color by castaneous laterally, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to anal tube, dorsal beak absent, silvery pile on dorsolateral surfaces. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, slightly angled dorsally at oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, widening distal to angle forming spoon-like terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous margined with ground color at base, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous with testaceous anterior and posterior margins. Median uncus lobe dark castaneous distal two-thirds of lateral margin ground color, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, dorsal side slightly sinuate when viewed from the side, ventral side straight to downward angled distal terminus, widening laterally from base before tapering to pointed posterior margin, small ground color ridge on dorsal surface midline, ventral surface dark ground color with piceous base, ventral surfaces recurved, almost meeting along midline expanding to small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating silvery pile. Aedeagus castaneous with darker lateral fascia, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous, terminus not visible in type series. Measurements (mm). n= 2♂, mean (range). Length of body: 19.10 (18.00–20.20); length of fore wing: 20.45 (20.15–20.75); width of fore wing: 6.98 (6.95–7.00); length of head: 3.38 (3.35–3.40); width of head including eyes: 6.03 (5.90–6.15); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 6.68 (6.60–6.75); width of mesonotum: 5.70 (5.65–5.75). Song. Unknown. Diagnosis. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 18.00– 20.20 mm, fore wing length between 20.15–20.75 mm, fore wing basal cell about 3.70 times longer than broad, a piceous mark along the proximal fore wing basal cell, a piceous fascia separating the fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins extending to node, a triangular meracanthus, piceous marking on the medial opercular margin, posteromedial operculum forming an obtuse angle, abdominal epipleurites with a central spot, and an uncus that is piceous with ground color and/or castaneous lateral and dorsal fasciae with a sinuate dorsal surface when viewed from the side and the ventral terminus slightly bent. Distribution. The species is known from the type series collected in the O’Higgins and Metropolitana Regions, Chile.

Chilecicada viridicitata n. sp. Sanborn and Cole Fig. 14 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 3 (song), Plate 5 (distribution) Type material. Holotype. “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: / Colcahgüa Pr.; Comuna de San / Fernando; Camino a Termas del / Flaco, I-45, 37 km east of San / Fernando, / 34.77050S, 70.67348W, 784 m. / 22-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-15 // JCR181222_19 // JAC000003274” ♂ (LACM). Paratypes. “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: Provincia / de Colcahgüa; Comuna de San / Fernando; Parrot Colony along / Termas del Flaco road, 26 km NW of / Termas del Flaco at La Rufina, / 34.79815S, 70.60658W, 945 m. / 24-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon / C Veloso leg. S18-18 // 181224-08” 1♂ (MNNC); “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: Provincia / de Colcahgüa; Comuna de San / Fernando; Parrot Colony along / Termas del Flaco roas, 26 km NW of / Termas del Flaco at La Rufina, / 34.79815S, 70.60658W, 945 m. / 24-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon / C Veloso leg. S18-18 // 181224-10” 1♂ (AFSC); “ CHILE. Región O’Higgins: / Colcahgüa Pr.; Comuna de San / Fernando, Parrot Colony along / Termas del Flaco Road, 26 km / northwest of Termas del Flaco at / La Rufina, / 34.79815S, 70.60658W, 945 m. / 24-XII- 2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-18 // JAC000003275” 1♀ (LACM) “14.CL.LI.CLT.469 / -34.7412, -70.7566 / 15.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (UCMS). The code 14.CL.LI.CLT refers to the side of the road towards Termas del Flaco, O’Higgins Region, Chile. Etymology. The name is a combination of viridi - (L. viridis, green) in reference to the bright green basal fore wing venation of live specimens and - citata (L. citatus, quick, rapid, speedy) in reference to the rapidly produced echemes in the song of the species. Description. Ground color testaceous marked with castaneous and piceous, costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing ochraceous due to ethanol exposure, vibrant green in live specimens. Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum with greenish tinge in one paratype and in live specimens. Body covered with silvery pile. Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color supra-antennal plate anterior margin, reduced to lateral half or extending along medial margin in some paratypes, anteromedial corner of vertex and medioposterior head with mark extending lateral to posterior cranial depressions, mark extending anteriorly into posterior epicranial suture, mark extends anteriorly to surround piceous posterior cranial depression forming a spot on either side of ground color mark in some paratypes, short silvery pile on dorsal head, denser long silvery pile posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, eyes dark castaneous with lighter margin. Gena piceous except ground color medial and anterior margins, lorum piceous with ground color anteromedial and posteromedial margins, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, piceous expanding along posterior margin in some paratypes, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum piceous, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short silvery pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus piceous with ground color carina, anterior and medial posterior margins, transverse piceous band across anterior carina, expanded with additional mark across posterior carina in some paratypes, covered with short white pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum castaneous, labium castaneous at base becoming piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to posterior of middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of posterior midline, along entire midline and fusing medially in anterior fissure in paratypes, fusing in posterior ambient fissure, fissures piceous, posterior paramedian and anterior lateral fissures ground color in some paratypes, mark in lateral fissure expanding onto lateral disk and medial margin of lateral pronotal collar, reduced in some paratypes, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure, additional spots just posterior to central paramedian fissure, spots expanded or reduced in some paratypes. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous anterior margin continuous with ambient fissure mark, transverse piceous mark from lateral ambient fissure to anterolateral margin of pronotal collar lateral angle, mark reduced in one paratype. Pronotum with short silvery pile, denser in fissures. Mesonotum ground color, submedian sigilla piceous, piceous fused anteromedially, lateral sigilla piceous mark extending laterally from anterior sigilla not reaching lateral margin, reduced to spot in some paratypes, central fascia expanding posteriorly, forming anchor-shaped mark in some paratypes, piceous between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, piceous scutal depressions, fusing to piceous mark between anterior arms of cruciform elevation in some paratypes, mark extends along anterior midline of cruciform elevation, mark extending over anterior of cruciform elevation midline in some paratypes, cruciform elevation castaneous in some paratypes, posterior of anterior arm and anterior half of lateral cruciform elevation piceous, wing groove ground color with piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected by transverse fascia anteriorly. Metanotum ground color with castaneous midline, piceous laterally with ground color margin. Dorsum covered with silvery pile, denser between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, and long silvery pile in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous on basisternum 2, posterior katepisternum 2, lateral trochantin 2, meron 2, basisternum 3, transverse fascia on posterior episternum 3 and medial margin of trochantin 3, piceous expanded in some paratypes. Ventral segments covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively, several paratype hind wings with additional crossveins in apical cells. Venation greenish proximally, becoming piceous distally, small piceous spot on base extending along anteroproximal basal cell, anal vein 2 + 3 piceous. Basal cell about 3.14 times longer than broad. Pterostigma reduced but present. Basal membrane of fore wing orange mottled with red. Hind wing venation similarly colored except green extending into vein separating apical cells and castaneous anal veins 2 and 3, piceous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, posterior to cubitus posterior, proximal medial, radial and costal cells with orange mottled with red, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering orange and red area. Legs. Legs ground color, tinged with green in some paratypes, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, femora striped additionally with castaneous, stripes reduced in some paratypes, tibiae with piceous spot proximally, castaneous anterior side, mark not reaching proximal terminus in hind tibiae, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, tarsi castaneous with piceous distal segmental margins except ground color proximal mesotarus and metatarsus of hind tarsi, pretarsal claws dark ground color with piceous tips. Fore femora with primary spine almost perpendicular to femur, secondary spine upright, longest, with broad base, and very small tertiary spine, spines ground color, primary and secondary spines with piceous tips. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with piceous spot on base, an elongated triangle with lateral margin distally curving mediad, reaching slightly beyond operculum posterior margin not reaching posterior of tympanal cavity. Female meracanthus similarly shaped and colored, reaching to anterior of sternite III. Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base and piceous along medial margin, piceous expanded in some paratypes, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, smoothly curved posteromedial margin rounded, anteromedial margin curved to base, not reaching to anterior of sternite II posteriorly, well separated medially barely reaching lateral meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Female operculum similarly colored and shaped reaching to anterior of sternite II. Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 piceous with ground color anterior and posterior margins, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally between timbal cavities, piceous within timbal cavity, castaneous dorsally with ground color posterolateral margin, tergites 3–8 piceous anteriorly bordered posteriorly with castaneous dorsally with ground color lateral posterior margins, amount of castaneous increasing and ground color decreasing in posterior tergites, tergites covered with short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 4–8, missing in some paratypes. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color, sternite II testaceous with ground color anterior margin, small transverse piceous fascia on either side of midline near anterior margin angled posteromedially and fusing on posterior margin, second transverse fascia on anterior margin in middle of tympanal cavity, auditory capsule piceous, sternites III–VII testaceous, central castaneous mark in some paratypes, sternite III with piceous fascia on anterior margin expanding into spot on midline and small piceous spot on anterolateral corner. Epipleurites testaceous with central castaneous spot. Sternite VIII testaceous with castaneous anterior margin, dorsal margin with curve near base forming an obtuse angle, Vshaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, denser on posterior sternites. Female sternite VII testaceous with large anterolateral piceous spots, single, deep, large V-shaped notch reaching posterior margin of sternite VI, posterolateral margin on either side of notch curved anterolaterad to straight lateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 ground color ventrally, piceous dorsally and laterally castaneous posteriorly, dorsal beak piceous, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile ventrally. Dorsal beak not as long as piceous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 straight. Genitalia. Male pygofer piceous except ground color ventrally and ground color dorsoposterior margin, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer with short silvery pile. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, angled dorsally at oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, widening distal to angle before tapering to leaf-like apex, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous margined with ground color, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous with ground color anterior and posterior margins. Median uncus lobe piceous, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, distal third curving toward sternite VIII, widening laterally from base before tapering to transverse posterior margin, small ground color ridge on dorsal surface midline, ventral surface piceous, ventral surfaces recurved, almost meeting along midline expanding to small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating silvery pile. Aedeagus castaneous, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous, terminus not visible in type series. Female gonocoxite IX castaneous with ground color ventral margin, gonapophysis IX castaneous, gonapophysis X piceous. Ovipositor sheath not reaching to tip of dorsal beak. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath. Measurements (mm). n= 4♂, 1♀, mean (range). Length of body: ♂ 17.11 (16.70–17.55), ♀ 17.65; length of fore wing: ♂ 17.85 (17.15–18.40), ♀ 18.15; width of fore wing: ♂ 6.66 (6.45–6.85), ♀ 6.60; length of head: ♂ 2.86 (2.7–2.95), ♀ 2.70; width of head including eyes: ♂ 5.59 (5.35–5.80), ♀ 5.65; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: ♂ 5.93 (5.60–6.30), ♀ 6.05; width of mesonotum: ♂ 5.21 (4.90–5.50), ♀ 5.05. Song. (n=7: holotype, 2 paratypes, and 4 uncaptured males from Maule Region, Colchagüa Pr.) A unique combination of a brisk 9.50± 0.37 s- 1 repetition rate of short echemes of duration 0.07± 0.00 s. The dominant frequency band is 9.87–12.03 kHz (mean dominant frequency=10.92±0.19 kHz). Diagnosis. Another of the smaller of the Chilecicada species. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 16.70–17.65 mm, fore wing length between 17.15–18.40 mm, fore wing basal cell about 3.14 times longer than broad, ground color proximal fore wing basal cell, no fascia separating the fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins, a triangular meracanthus, a piceous mark on the medial opercular margin, semicircular posteromedial operculum, abdominal epipleurites with a central spot, and a narrow uncus that is piceous with ground color dorsal fascia with the distal third bent. The rapid echeme song resembles the songs of C. citatatemporaria and C. occidentis but is half the rate of those species. Distribution. The species is known from the type series collected in multiple localities in the Metropolitana and O’Higgins Regions of central Chile. Morphological key to the species of Chilecicada 1 Fore wing basal cell length greater than 3.95 times width..................................................... 2 - Fore wing basal cell length less than 3.95 times width........................................................ 4 2 Fore wing basal cell length about 4.00 times width, piceous fascia separating fore wing costa and radius & subcostal veins, abdominal epipleurites with central spot.................................................. C. mapuchensis n. sp. - Fore wing basal cell length greater than 4.10 times width, no piceous fascia separating fore wing costa and radius & subcostal veins, abdominal epipleurites without central spot........................................................... 3 3 Fore wing basal cell length about 4.50 times width, fore wing length greater than 19.8 mm, body length greater than 17.5 mm, proximal basal cell lacking piceous mark, meracanthus triangular................................... C. oraria n. sp. - Fore wing basal cell length about 4.20 times width, fore wing length less than 19 mm, body length less than 17.5 mm, proximal basal cell with piceous mark, meracanthus elongated with parallel sided base and triangular terminus.................................................................................................. C. pehuenchesensis n. sp. 4 Postclypeus with piceous longitudinal fasciae in central sulcus and along lateral margins............... C. trifascia n. sp. - Postclypeus with piceous longitudinal fascia only in central sulcus.............................................. 5 5 Proximal basal cell without piceous mark.................................................................. 6 - Proximal basal cell with piceous mark.................................................................... 8 6 Fore wing basal cell length about 3.50 times width, fore wing length greater than 20.5 mm, piceous mark along medial opercular margin........................................................................... C. curacaviensis n. sp. - Fore wing basal cell length less than 3.20 times width, fore wing length less than 20.5 mm, medial opercular margin lacking piceous mark........................................................................................ 7 7 Fore wing basal cell length about 2.78 times width, piceous fascia separating fore wing costa and radius & subcostal veins, meracanthus elongated with parallel sided base and triangular terminus, posteromedial opercular margin forming an obtuse angle........................................................................................................................................................................................ C. occidentis - Fore wing basal cell length about 3.14 times width, no piceous fascia separating fore wing costa and radius & subcostal veins, meracanthus triangular, posteromedial opercular margin straight............................... C. viridicitata n. sp. 8 Body length less than 17 mm........................................................................... 9 - Body length greater than 17 mm........................................................................ 10 9 Fore wing basal cell length about 3.67 times width, posteromedial opercular margin straight, abdominal epipleurites with central spot...................................................................... C. citatatemporaria n. sp. - Fore wing basal cell length about 3.00 times width, posteromedial opercular margin forming an obtuse angle, abdominal epipleurites lacking central spot.................................................... C. impartemporaria n. sp. 10 Abdominal epipleurites without central spot............................................................... 11 - Abdominal epipleurites with central spot................................................................. 12 11 Fore wing basal cell length about 3.50 times width, medial opercular margin barely medial to anteromedial margin........................................................................................ C. partemporaria n. sp., - Fore wing basal cell length about 3.88 times width, medial opercular margin extended to meracanthus.................................................................................................... C. trifasciunca n. sp., 12 Fore wing basal cell length about 3.75 times width, medial opercular margin ground color, meracanthus elongated with parallel sided base and triangular terminus........................................................... C. magna n. sp. - Fore wing basal cell length less than 3.75 times width, medial opercular margin piceous, meracanthus triangular........ 13 13 Fore wing basal cell length about 3.70 times width, fore wing length 20.75 mm or greater, terminus of male uncus bent, posteromedial opercular margin forming an obtuse angle.................................. C. parrajaraorum n. sp. - Fore wing basal cell length about 3.50 times

Chilecicada impartemporaria n. sp. Sanborn and Cole Fig. 4 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 2 (song), Plate 4 (wing flick), Plate 5 (distribution) Type material. Holotype. “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Quillota Pr.; Comuna de Quillota, / F-390, 0.75 km east of jct. / highway 60 and 4.38 east of / Tabolango, / 32.94236S, 71.32465W, 107 m. / 31-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon / leg. S18-41 //JAC000003283” 1♂ (LACM). Paratypes. “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Cabildo, / cuesta de Camino E-35, antes del / tunel a artificio, / 32.40900S, 71.06156W, 256 m. / 20- XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-06 // JCR181220_15 // JAC000003276” 1♂ (LACM); CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Cabildo, / cuesta de Camino E-35, antes del / tunel a artificio, / 32.40900S, 71.06156W, 256 m. / 20-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-06 // JCR181220_16 // JAC000003277” 1♂ (LACM); CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Cabildo, / cuesta de Camino E-35, antes del / tunel a artificio, / 32.40900S, 71.06156W, 256 m. / 20-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-06 // JAC000003278” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Provincia de Quillota; Comuna de / Nogales; Cuesta El Melón, south / slope, 2.5 km north of Ruta 5, / 32.61556S, 71.23225W, 498 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S18-10 // 181221-04” 1♂ (AFSC); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Zapallar, / Cuesta El Melón, north slope, 2.6 / km north of Ruta 5, / 32.59915S, 71.23936W, 447 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-09 // 181221-000 FC // JAC000003280” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Provincia de Quillota; Comuna de / Nogales; Cuesta El Melón, south / slope, 2.5 km north of Ruta 5, / 32.61556S, 71.23225W, 498 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S18-09 // 181221-00” 1♂ (AFSC); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Zapallar, / Cuesta El Melón, north slope, 2.6 / km north of Ruta 5, / 32.59915S, 71.23936W, 447 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-09 // JCR181221_01 // JAC000003279” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Zapallar, / Cuesta El Melón, north slope, 2.6 / km north of Ruta 5, / 32.59915S, 71.23936W, 447 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-09 // JAC000003281” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Zapallar, / Cuesta El Melón, north slope, 2.6 / km north of Ruta 5, / 32.59915S, 71.23936W, 447 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-09 // 181221-01 // JAC000003282” 1♂ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Zapallar, / Cuesta El Melón, north slope, 2.6 / km north of Ruta 5, / 32.59915S, 71.23936W, 447 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-09 // 181221-01 // JAC000001903” 1♀ (LACM); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Provincia de Quillota; Comuna de / Nogales; Cuesta El Melón, south / slope, 2.5 km north of Ruta 5, / 32.61556S, 71.23225W, 498 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S18-09”, 1♀ (AFSC); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Provincia de Petorca; Comuna de / Zapallar; Cuesta El Melón, north / slope, 2.6 km south of Ruta 5, / 32.599158S, 71.23936W, 447 m. / 21-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon, / C Veloso leg. S18-09” 1♂ (AFSC); “16.CL. RM. TCD.980 / -33.0612, -71.0099 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ (UCMS); “16.CL. RM.TCD.981 / -33.0612, -71.0999 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ (MNNC); “16.CL. RM.TCD.983 / -33.0612, -71.0099 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ (AFSC); “16.CL. RM.TCD.984 / -33.0612, -71.0099 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ (AFSC); “16.CL. RM.LPD.992 / -33.4397, -70.9913 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1 ♂ (UCMS); “16.CL. RM.LPD.995 / -33.4397, -70.9913 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ (UCMS); “14.CL. RM.CLU.325 / -33.0163, -70.9948 / 10.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (UCMS); “14.CL. RM. CLU.323 / -33.0163, -70.9948 / 10.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (MNNC); “14.CL. RM.PLN.304.3 / -33.4926, - 70.5177 / 9.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (UCMS); “14.CL. RM.PLN.520.1 / -33.4926, -70.5177 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (MNNC); “14.CL.LI.BLV.425 / -34.8258, -70.7418 / 14.XiI.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (UCMS); “15. CL. RM. CDM.602 / -33.8192, -70.1322 / 5.XII.2015 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (UCMS); “15.CL.CO.CHP.691 / -31.7222, -71.2747 / 12.XII.2015 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (UCMS). The code 16.CL. RM.TCD refers to paso superior Cuesta la Dormida, Tiltil, Region Metropolitana, Chile collected by Claudio Veloso and Piotr Lukasik. The code 16.CL. RM.LPD refers to the side of highway 68, 3.5 km E from Los Panguiles, Region Metropolitana, Chile collected by Claudio Veloso and Piotr Lukasik. The code 14.CL. RM.CLU refers to Caleu, Tiltil area, Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile. The code 14.CL. RM.PLN refers to Park Quebrada de Macul, Peñalolen, Santiago, Metropolitan Region, Chile. The code 14.CL.LI.BLV refers to Sierra de Bellavista area, O’Higgins Region, Chile. The code 15.CL. RM.LCN refers to the hill near the village of Los Culenes, Metropolitan Region Chile. The code 15.CL. RM. CDM refers to the side of the road Camino Al Volcán, 3.5 km E from the village of El Volcán, Cajón del Maipo, Metropolitan Region, Chile. The Code 15.CL.CO.CHP refers to the intersection between roads D-37-E and D-85, 9 KM W from the town of Choapa, Coquimbo Region, Chile. Etymology. The name is a combination of impar - (L. impar, unequal, uneven) and - temporaria (L. temporarius, of time) in reference to the temporally inconsistent song echemes of the species. Description. Ground color castaneous heavily marked with piceous, greenish costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing. Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum greenish in some paratypes and live specimens. Costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing faded from green to ochraceous due to ethanol exposure in most paratypes. Body covered with silvery pile giving a grayish appearance when live. Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color anterior margin and anterolateral supra-antennal plate and posterior epicranial suture with mark extending laterally along posterior of head from posterior epicranial suture to cranial depressions, mark reduced to only epicranial suture in some paratypes, short silvery pile and radiating longer silvery pile on dorsal head, denser longer pile posterior to eye. Ocelli dark red, eyes dark castaneous lightly margined proximally with ground color. Gena piceous margined with ground color medial margin, anteriorly along supra-antennal plate, and posteromedial margin along lorum, piceous expanded in some paratypes, lorum ground color with piceous mark along anteromedial and posteromedial margins, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum piceous posterior to transverse grooves, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short silvery pile along lateral and posterior margins. Anteclypeus ground color with piceous lateral spot extending towards midline in middle, all but carina and anterior and posterior margins piceous in some paratypes, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum ground color with lateral castaneous fascia, expanding to cover most of mentum in some paratypes, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to middle of middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of midline fusing medially in anterior fissure and in posterior ambient fissure, lateral ambient fissures, paramedian and lateral fissures piceous, all fissures piceous in some paratypes, mark in lateral fissure expanding onto lateral disk, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure, additional spots just posterior to central paramedian fissure in some paratypes, spots expanded or reduced in some paratypes. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous mark on posterolateral margin of lateral angle, mark expanded in some paratypes forming fascia connecting along anterior pronotal collar lateral angle which may connect to lateral ambient fissure. Pronotum with short silvery pile, denser in fissures. Mesonotum ground color, submedian sigilla piceous, piceous fused anteromedially, lateral sigilla mottled piceous, completely piceous in some paratypes, lateral longitudinal fascia in some paratypes, anchor-shaped piceous mark on central disk posterior to submedian sigilla, expanding to large rectangular spot or expanding to cover all but ground color margin along submedian sigilla in some paratypes, piceous scutal depressions and between anterior arms of cruciform elevation fusing on midline with posterior of anchor-shaped mark, mark extends along anterior midline of cruciform elevation, mark extending over most of cruciform elevation midline in some paratypes but not reaching posterior margin, posterior of anterior arm and anterior half of lateral cruciform elevation piceous, wing groove ground color with piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected by transverse fascia anteriorly. Metanotum ground color with piceous midline and anterolateral, mediolateral and posterolateral fasciae. Dorsum covered with silvery pile, denser between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, and long silvery pile in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous on basisternum 2, anterior anepisternum 2 in some paratypes, posterior katepisternum 2, lateral trochantin 2, medial margin of meron 2, basisternum 3, transverse fascia on posterior episternum 3 and medial margin of trochantin 3, piceous expanded in some paratypes. Ventral segments covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively, several paratype hind wings with five apical cells, some with six in one hind wing and five in the other. Venation greenish proximally, becoming piceous distally, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein greenish separated by piceous fascia proximally, piceous absent or extending to node in some paratypes, anal vein 2 + 3 piceous. Basal cell about three times longer than broad with piceous mark proximally on cubitus posterior + anal vein 1. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing grayish mottled with orange with darker posterior margin. Hind wing venation similarly colored except piceous median vein, anal vein 2 and anal vein 3, piceous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, posterior to cubitus posterior, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with gray mottled with orange, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering gray and orange area and base of cubital cell 1, cubital cell 2 and anal cell 1. Legs. Legs ground color, tinged with green in some paratypes, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, tibiae with piceous spot proximally, fore tibiae striped with piceous distally and fusing near distal terminus, middle tibiae with thinner and shorter fasciae, hind tibiae lacking distal fascia, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, tarsi piceous except ground color proximal mesotarus and metatarsus of fore tarsi, ventral and lateral mesotarsus and all but distal mesotarsus and pretarsus of hind tarsi, piceous expanding in some paratypes, pretarsal claws piceous. Fore femora with primary spine angled to femur, secondary spine almost upright, longest, and very small tertiary spine, primary and secondary spines piceous, tertiary spine ground color. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with castaneous spot on base, an elongated triangle distally curving mediad, reaching beyond operculum posterior margin to middle of tympanal cavity. Female meracanthus similarly shaped and colored, reaching to anterior of sternite III. Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, obtusely angled posteromedially, medial margin rounded, anteromedial margin curved to base, not reaching to anterior of sternite II posteriorly, well separated medially barely reaching lateral meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Female operculum similarly colored and shaped reaching to anterior of sternite II. Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 with ground color anterior margin and anterolateral corners with transverse piceous fascia narrowing laterally and castaneous posterior, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally between timbal cavities, piceous within timbal cavity, castaneous posterior to piceous and timbal cavities, tergites 3–8 piceous anteriorly bordered posteriorly with castaneous, piceous extending posteriorly on midline on tergite 3 half way to posterior margin, piceous expanding laterally or on dorsolateral tergites in some paratypes, tergites covered with short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 5–8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color, sternite II testaceous with ground color anterior margin, small transverse piceous fascia on either side of midline near anterior margin and piceous auditory capsule, sternites III–VII testaceous, sternite III with ground color anterior and posterior margins and piceous fascia on anterior margin expanding into spot on midline and small piceous spots on anterolateral corners, sternite VII with ground color posterior margin. Epipleurites testaceous. Sternite VIII ground color, dorsal margin with curve near base forming an obtuse angle, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on sternites VII and VIII. Female sternite VII ground color with large anterolateral piceous spots, single, deep, large V-shaped notch almost reaching anterior margin, posterolateral margin on either side of notch curved anterolaterad to straight lateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 ground color ventrally and laterally anterior to stigma, piceous anteriorly, dorsolaterally, dorsally, posteriorly and laterally on stigma, dorsal beak piceous, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile ventrally. Dorsal beak not as long as piceous anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 straight. Genitalia. Male pygofer ground color ventrally, piceous dorsally separated from ground color by castaneous, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer with short silvery pile on dorsolateral posterior. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, angled dorsally at oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, semicircular terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous with ground color posterior margin. Median uncus lobe piceous with lateral margin castaneous in middle and ground color distally, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, distal third curving toward sternite VIII, widening laterally from base before tapering to transverse posterior margin, small ground color ridge on dorsal surface midline, ventral surface dark ground color with piceous base, ventral surfaces almost meeting along midline expanding to small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating golden pile. Aedeagus castaneous with darker lateral fascia with a pair of terminal spines extending from ochraceous lateral lobes, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous. Female gonocoxite IX ground color with piceous posterolateral spots, gonapophysis IX castaneous, gonapophysis X piceous. Ovipositor sheath not reaching to tip of dorsal beak. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath. Measurements (mm). n= 10♂, 3♀, mean (range). Length of body: ♂ 15.55 (14.60–16.55), ♀ 16.13 (15.65– 16.55); length of fore wing: ♂ 16.63 (15.60–17.65), ♀ 16.43 (15.65–17.65); width of fore wing: ♂ 5.79 (5.40–6.20), ♀ 5.80 (5.60–6.15); length of head: ♂ 2.66 (2.50–2.80), ♀ 2.63 (2.45–2.80); width of head including eyes: ♂ 5.02 (4.80–5.30), ♀ 5.13 (5.00–5.30); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: ♂ 5.32 (5.00–5.60), ♀ 5.60 (5.50–5.70); width of mesonotum: ♂ 4.57 (4.30–5.00), ♀ 4.63 (4.60–4.70). Song. (n=14: 2 paratypes, 1 UCMS alcoholic molecular voucher, and 1♂ not captured from Valparaíso Region, Petorca Pr. (S18-06); 2♂ not captured from Valparaíso Region, Choapa Pr. (S18-07); 2 paratypes and 1♂ UCMS alcoholic molecular vouchers from Valparaíso Region, Petorca Pr. (S18-09); 1 paratype and 1♂ UCMS alcoholic molecular voucher from Valparaíso Region, Quillota Pr. (S18-10), 1♂ not captured from Metropolitana Region, Chacabuco Pr. (S18-11); 2♂ topotypes not captured from Valparaíso Region, Quillota Pr. (S18-41)) Long, sustained echemes that vary in duration from 1 to 13 s (median=2.74 s) diagnose this species. The wide standard deviation of the mean echeme duration (3.85±3.42 s) emphasizes the substantial variation. The echeme rate is 0.37±0.20 s- 1. Dominant frequencies extend the highest among Chilecicada from 7.45 to 13.97 kHz (mean dominant frequency=10.99±0.38 kHz). Diagnosis. One of the smaller species the Chilecicada species including the smallest specimen studied. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 14.60–16.55 mm, fore wing length between 15.60–17.65 mm, fore wing basal cell about 3.00 times longer than broad, a piceous mark along the proximal fore wing basal cell, a piceous fascia separating the fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins that can extend partially or completely to node, a triangular meracanthus, ground color medial opercular margin, posteromedial operculum forming an obtuse angle, abdominal epipleurites lack a central spot, and an uncus that is piceous with ground color and/or castaneous lateral and dorsal fasciae w

Chilecicada trifasciunca n. sp. Sanborn and Cole Fig. 13 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 3 (song), Plate 4 (wing flick), Plate 5 (distribution) Chilecicada occidentis (in part) non Walker: 345. Type material. Holotype. “14.CL. RM.CEY.517.2 / -33.78776, -70.181615 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” ♂ (UCMS). Paratypes. “14.CL. RM.CAV.512.1/ -33.8233, -70.1220 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (UCMS); “14. CL. RM.CAV.512.2/ -33.8233, -70.1220 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (UCMS); “14.CL. RM.CAV.511/ -33.8233, -70.1220 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♀ (AFSC); “14.CL. RM.CAV.512.2/ -33.8233, -70.1220 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (AFSC); “14.CL. RM.CEY.515 / -33.7878, -70.1816 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♂ (MNNC); “15. CL. ML.LMT.723 / -34.9691, -70.9461 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L. // Seq.” 1♂ (UCMS); “15.CL. RM. CDM.600 / -33.8192, -70.1322 / 5.XII.2015 Piotr Lukasik ” 1♂ (UCMS); “ CHILE: R. Colorado / 40 Km. E. Santiago / 2 Jan. 1983 / R. L. Brown ” 2♂ (AFSC). The code 14.CL. RM. CEY refers to Cajón del Maipo, Camino Embalse el Yeso 2 (sitio alto), Región Metropolitana, Chile and is the type locality for the species. The code 14.CL. RM. CAV refers the side of the road Camino Al Volcán, 3.5 km E from the village El Volcan, Cajón del Maipo, Metropolitan Region, Chile. The code 15.CL. RM. CDM refers to the side of the road Camino Al Volcán, 3.5 km E from the village of El Volcán, Cajón del Maipo, -33.8233, -70.1220, Metropolitan Region, Chile. The GPS data on the label are incorrect. Finally, the code 15.CL. ML. LMT refers to the view point near the village of La Montana, Maule Region, Chile collected by Claudio Veloso, Katherine Nazario and Piotr Łukasik. Etymology. The name is a combination of tri - (L. tri-, thrice) and - fasci - (L. fascia, band, stripe) and - unca (L. uncus, hook) in reference to the three ground color stripes characteristic of the male uncus of this species. Description. Ground color testaceous heavily marked with piceous, ochraceous costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing, tinged with green in some paratypes. Costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing probably faded from green to ochraceous due to ethanol exposure in type series. Body covered with silvery pile. Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color supra-antennal plate anterior margin, mark extending along anteromedial and anterolateral margin in holotype and some paratypes, anteromedial corner of vertex and medioposterior head with mark extending laterally to posterior epicranial suture angled anterolaterally to anterior of piceous posterior cranial depressions forming spots in mark where it bends posterolaterally to terminate on posterior dorsolateral head, mark reduced so posterior cranial depressions not surrounded by ground color in some paratypes, short silvery pile on dorsal head, denser long silvery pile posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, ochraceous in some paratypes, eyes dark castaneous margined proximally with ground color. Gena piceous centrally margined by ground color on medial, anterior and posteromedial margins along lorum, lorum piceous with ground color lateral margin and central fascia splitting piceous into two large spots, central fascia absent in some paratypes, short white pile and radiating long white pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, mark in central sulcus extending to posterior margin in some paratypes, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum piceous posterior to transverse grooves, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short white pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus with ground color carina, anterior, lateral and posterior margins, piceous laterally with piceous extending across anterior carina in some paratypes, covered with short white pile and radiating long white pile. Mentum ground color with lateral U-shaped castaneous fascia pointing distally, expanding to cover most of mentum in some paratypes, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to posterior coxae. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fasciae on either side of midline between anterior fissure and pronotal collar, expanding laterally into triangular mark along anterior and posterior fissures, fissures piceous, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk just posterior to central paramedian fissure and anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure, spots expanded or reduced in some paratypes, mark extending from ambient fissure forming fascia on lateral disk, expanding along lateral fissure in some paratypes. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous margin along ambient fissure, anterior half of lateral angle of pronotal collar piceous, reduced to angled piceous fascia from lateral ambient fissure along anterior margin of pronotal collar lateral angle and may extend to posterolateral corner of lateral angle in some paratypes. Pronotum with short silvery pile in fissures in some paratypes. Mesonotum ground color, submedian sigilla piceous, piceous fused anteromedially, lateral sigilla piceous with slightly mottled posterior region anteriorly fusing with submedial sigilla, small longitudinal piceous mark lateral to lateral sigilla, larger and fusing with lateral sigilla in some paratypes, anchor-shaped piceous mark on central disk posterior to submedian sigilla, expanding posteriorly to include scutal depressions and area between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, mark extends as castaneous triangle on anterior midline of cruciform elevation margin, anterior half of lateral cruciform elevation and anterior side of base of posterior arm piceous, mark on anterior to posterior arm absent in some paratypes, wing groove ground color with piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected anteriorly by transverse fascia. Metanotum ground color with piceous spot on anterior midline, piceous anterolateral, mediolateral and posterolateral fasciae, smoothly curved concavity in dorsal posterior margin. Dorsum with silvery pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, and long silvery pile in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous on basisternum 2, posterior katepisternum 2, medial anepisternum 2, lateral spot on trochantin 2, anterior margin and lateral meron 2, basisternum 3, transverse fascia on posterior episternum 3 and medial spot on trochantin 3, piceous reduced in some paratypes. Ventral segments covered with short white pile and radiating long white pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively. Venation ochraceous, tinged with green in some paratypes, proximally, becoming piceous distally, piceous fascia along anterior basal cell, piceous fascia on anterior costal margin slightly longer than basal cell, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein separated by piceous fascia proximally or as far as node in some paratypes, cubitus posterior piceous, distal posterior of anal vein 2 + 3 piceous, entire anal vein 2 + 3 piceous in some paratypes, piceous spot on wing base. Basal cell about 3.88 times longer than broad. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing gray mottled with orange with darker posterior margin. Hind wing venation similarly colored except piceous median vein and castaneous anal vein 2 and anal vein 3, piceous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with gray mottled with orange, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering gray and orange area and base of cubital cell 1 and cubital cell 2. Legs. Legs ground color, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, tibiae with piceous spot proximally, fore tibiae thickly striped with piceous anteriorly and piceous distally, middle tibiae with thinner fasciae and lesser amount of terminus piceous, hind tibiae with shorter distal fascia and lacking terminal mark, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, tarsi piceous except ground color lateral mesotarsus and proximolateral pretarsus, pretarsal mark extending across dorsal surface in hind tarsi, pretarsal claws castaneous with piceous tips. Fore femora with primary spine angled to femur, secondary spine upright with curving proximal base, longest, and small tertiary spine, all spines piceous. Proximal segments with short white pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with piceous spot on base, elongated, with parallel sides proximally becoming triangular distally, reaching beyond operculum posterior margin but not reaching posterior of sternite I. Female meracanthus similarly shaped and colored, reaching to anterior of sternite III. Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, obtusely angled posteromedially, medial margin rounded, anteromedial margin obliquely angled to base, not reaching to anterior of sternite II posteriorly, well separated medially not reaching lateral base of meracanthus, covered with short white pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Female operculum similarly colored and shaped but only reaching just past half the length of the meracanthus to the posterior of sternite II. Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 with ground color anterior margin, anterolateral and posterolateral corners, with transverse piceous fascia narrowing laterally and dark ground color dorsoposterior margin, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally between timbal cavity medial margins, piceous within timbal cavity and small spot on lateral margin, remainder of tergite ground color, tergites 3–8 piceous bordered posteriorly with dark ground color, ground color proportion increasing in posterior tergites until becoming half of tergite 8, tergites covered with sparse, short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 5–8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color, sternite II testaceous with ground color anterolateral margin, small transverse piceous fascia on either side of midline and along anteromedial margin posterior to tympanal cavity and small spot on piceous auditory capsule, sternite III dark ground color with piceous anterior margin, piceous expanding medially, sternites IV–VII dark ground color. Epipleurites dark ground color. Sternite VIII ground color, dorsal margin with curve near base forming a slightly obtuse angle, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on medial sternites I and II and on sternites VII and VIII. Female sternite VII dark ground color with large anterolateral piceous spots, single, deep, V-shaped notch almost reaching anterior margin, posterolateral margin on either side of notch semicircular connecting to straight lateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 ground color ventrally, piceous dorsally, dorsoanteriorly, dorsolaterally, on stigma, dorsal beak piceous, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile ventrally. Dorsal beak not as long as castaneous margined with ground color anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 straight. Genitalia. Male pygofer ground color ventral and posterior margins, ground color dorsal midline in some paratypes, piceous dorsally and dorsolaterally, piceous spot on ventral base posterior to distal terminus of basal pygofer lobe, and piceous anteroventral margin, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to distal anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer with short silvery pile on dorsolateral posterior. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, curving dorsally at slightly oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, expanding distal to bend to spoon-shaped terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin.Anal styles piceous with ground color margins, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube piceous with ground color posterior margin. Median uncus lobe with piceous base, castaneous dorsolateral fascia almost reaching terminus, ground color lateral margin distal to base and ground color dorsal ridge, uncus elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, distal quarter of ventral surface angled toward sternite VIII, dorsal surface sinuate when viewed from the side, widening laterally from base before tapering to pointed posterior margin, ventral surface slightly recurved, almost meeting along midline except for small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating long golden pile. Aedeagus castaneous with darker lateral fascia with a pair of small terminal spines extending from ochraceous lateral lobes, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous. Female gonocoxite IX piceous with ground color ventral margin, gonapophysis IX castaneous, gonapophysis X piceous. Ovipositor sheath reaching slightly beyond dorsal beak to middle of anal styles. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath. Measurements (mm). n= 8♂, 2♀, mean (range). Length of body: ♂ 18.94 (18.05–19.60), ♀ 17.80 (17.20– 18.40); length of fore wing: ♂ 20.51 (20.00–20.85), ♀ 19.93 (19.55–20.30); width of fore wing: ♂ 7.33 (6.70–7.60), ♀ 7.53 (7.50–7.55); length of head: ♂ 3.12 (3.00–3.20), ♀ 2.98 (2.95–3.00); width of head including eyes: ♂ 6.16 (5.90–6.50), ♀ 5.88 (5.80–5.95); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: ♂ 7.04 (6.50–7.50), ♀ 7.18 (7.15–7.20); width of mesonotum: ♂ 5.79 (5.50–6.00), ♀ 5.68 (5.60–5.75). Song. (n=2 1 paratype from Maule Region, La Montana and 1 paratype from Metropolitana Region, Camino Al Volcan) Echeme of 0.57± 0.05 s duration at a rate of 1.12± 0.44 s- 1. The echemes are significantly longer than those of C. oraria and shorter than those of C. partemporaria (MANOVA, P =1.12×10 -3). The echeme rate tends to be slower than C. curacaviensis but the difference is not significant (MANOVA, P =9.00×10 -1). The dominant frequency band lies between 8.96 and 11.76 kHz (mean dominant frequency=10.59±0.37 kHz). Diagnosis. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 17.20– 19.60 mm, fore wing length between 19.55–20.85 mm, fore wing basal cell about 3.88 times longer than broad, a piceous mark along the proximal fore wing basal cell, a piceous fascia separating the fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins that can extend partially or completely to node, an elongated meracanthus with parallel-sided base and triangular terminus, medial opercular margin ground color, posteromedial operculum forming an obtuse angle, abdominal epipleurites lack a central spot, and an uncus that has a piceous base, castaneous dorsolateral fascia not reaching the terminus and ground color lateral and dorsal fasciae with the distal quarter curving to the terminus whose dorsal surface is sinuate when viewed from the side. C. trifasciunca sings with the common slow rate (~1 s-1) medium duration echeme (~ 0.5 s) song type similar to C. culenesensis, C. curacaviensis, C. magna, C. oraria, C. partemporaria, and C. pehuenchesensis. The echemes are of an intermediate duration, longer than C. magna, C. oraria, C. pehuenchesensis, shorter than C. partemporaria, and perhaps indistinguishable from C. culenesensis. The slow echeme rate may separate C. trifasciunca from the faster rates in C. oraria, C. curacaviensi s, and perhaps C. culenesensis. Distribution. The species is known from the type series collected in multiple localities in the Maule and Metropolitana Regions of central Chile.

Chilecicada mapuchensis n. sp. Sanborn Fig. 6 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 5 (distribution) Chilecicada occidentis (in part) non Walker: 345. Type material. Holotype. “14.CL. RM.PLN.518.2 / -33.4926, -70.5177 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” ♂ (UCMS). Paratypes. “15.CL.LI.RT1.720 / -34.0617, -71.3773 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (AFSC); “16.CL.VS. PBA.989 / -33.0468, -71.3229 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ (MNNC); “16.CL.VS.PBA.986 / -33.0468, -71.3229 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L. // Seq.” 1♂ (UCMS); “16.CL. RM.TCD.997 / -33.0468, -71.3229 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ (AFSC); “16.CL. RM.TCD.998 / -33.0468, -71.3229 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ (UCMS); “16.CL.VS.PBA.990 / - 33.0468, -71.3229 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ (UCMS); “16.CL.VS.LVZ.991 / -33.0468, -71.3229 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♂ (MNNC); “16.CL.VS.PBA.987 / -33.0468, -71.3229 / 22.I.2016 C. V., P.L.” 1♀ (UCMS); “15.CL. RM. LCN.716.2 / -33.8929, -71.4001 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (UCMS); “15.CL. RM.LCN.716.1 / -33.8929, -71.4001 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (AFSC); “15.CL. RM.LCN.717 / -33.8929, -71.4001 / 19.XII.2015 C. V., K.N., P.L.” 1♂ (UCMS); “14.CL. RM.PLN.518.1 / -33.4926, -70.5177 / 16.XII.2014 Piotr Lukasik” 1♀ (AFSC); “ Sex: Male (15) / Collector: Leonardo Diaz / Date: 12/26/04 / Location Curacacví. RM. / (33°22’32” S. 71°08’23”W. 240 m)” 1♂ (AFSC); “ Sex: Male (16) / Collector: Leonardo Diaz / Date: 12/26/04 / Location Curacacví. RM. / (33°22’32” S. 71°08’23”W. 240 m) ” 1♂ (AFSC); “ Sex: Male (07) / Collector: C. Veloso & C. Cecchii / Date: 01/27/10 / Location Farellones. RM. / (33°20’54” S. 70°21’18”W. 1583 m)” 1♂ (AFSC). The code 14.CL. RM.PLN refers to Peñalolen, Quebrada de Macul, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile and is the type locality for the species, 15.CL.LI.RT1 C. V., K.N., P.L. refers to Side of Ruta 66, Región O’Higgins, Chile collected by Claudio Veloso, Katherine Nazario and Piotr Łukasik. 16.CL.VS.PBA refers to the hill near the exit from Ruta 60, near Peñablanca, Región Valparaíso, Chile collected by Claudio Veloso and Piotr Łukasik. 16.CL.VS.LVZ refers to the side of road F-50, 5.5 km N from the intersection with Ruta 68, 8 km from Lo Vasquez, -33.2255, - 71.4092, Región Valparaíso, Chile collected by Claudio Veloso and Piotr Łukasik. The GPS data on the specimen label are incorrect. 16.CL. RM.TCD refers to Cuesta la Dormida, Tiltil, -33.0730, -70.9639, Región Metropolitana, collected by Claudio Veloso and Piotr Łukasik. The GPS data on the specimen label are incorrect. Finally, 15.CL. RM.LCN refers to the hill near the village of Los Culenes, Región Metropolitana, Chile collected by Claudio Veloso, Katherine Nazario and Piotr Łukasik. Etymology. The name is a combination of mapuch - and - ensis (L. suffix denoting place) in reference to the distribution of the species over much of the historical territory of the Mapuche civilization where the type series was collected. Description. Ground color testaceous heavily marked with piceous, greenish costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing. Costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing faded from green to ochraceous due to ethanol exposure in most paratypes. Body covered with silvery pile. Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color supra-antennal plate, anteromedial corner of vertex and medioposterior head with mark extending lateral to posterior cranial depressions, mark reduced to only epicranial suture in some paratypes, mark extending anteriorly into posterior epicranial suture, mark extends anteriorly to surround piceous posterior cranial depression forming a spot on either side of ground color mark in some paratypes, short golden pile and radiating long golden pile on dorsal head, very dense on frons, denser long silvery pile posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, ochraceous in some paratypes, eyes dark castaneous margined proximally with ground color. Gena piceous medially and laterally to eye surrounded by ground color on medial, anterior and posteromedial margins along lorum, lorum ground color with piceous mark along anteromedial and posteromedial margins, castaneous spot in middle in some paratypes, mostly piceous in some paratypes, short white pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum castaneous with piceous posterior margin, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short white pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus with ground color carina, and medial anterior and posterior margins, piceous laterally with piceous extending towards midline in middle, all but carina and anterior and posterior margins piceous in some paratypes, short fascia on either side of midline in some paratypes where piceous not expanding medially, covered with short white pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum ground color with lateral U-shaped castaneous fascia pointing distally, expanding to cover most of mentum in some paratypes, labium piceous, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to posterior of middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous. Thorax. Pronotum ground color, castaneous fascia, piceous in some paratypes, on either side of midline between anterior fissure and pronotal collar, dorsal ambient fissures castaneous, lateral ambient fissures, paramedian and lateral fissures piceous, all fissures piceous in some paratypes, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk just posterior to central paramedian fissure and anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure, spots expanded or reduced in some paratypes. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous angled fascia from lateral ambient fissure along anterior margin of pronotal collar lateral angle to posterolateral corner of lateral angle, posterolateral mark castaneous in some paratypes. Pronotum with short golden pile in fissures in some paratypes. Mesonotum ground color, submedian sigilla piceous, piceous fused anteromedially, lateral sigilla piceous with slightly mottled posterior region, anchor-shaped castaneous mark on central disk posterior to submedian sigilla, expanding to large rectangular spot or expanding to cover all but ground color margin along submedian sigilla in some paratypes, piceous scutal depressions and between anterior arms of cruciform elevation fusing on midline with posterior of anchor-shaped mark, mark extends along midline of cruciform elevation but not reaching posterior margin, anterior half of lateral cruciform elevation piceous, expanding to spot on anterolateral margin in some paratypes, wing groove ground color with castaneous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally. Metanotum ground color with piceous midline and anterolateral, mediolateral and posterolateral fasciae. Dorsum with silvery pile between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, and long silvery pile in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous on basisternum 2, posterior katepisternum 2, medial anepisternum 2, posterior margin of trochantin 2, anterior margin and lateral meron 2, basisternum 3, transverse fascia on posterior episternum 3 and medial margin of trochantin 3, piceous reduced in some paratypes. Ventral segments covered with short white pile and radiating long silvery pile. Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively, some paratype hind wings with five apical cells, one paratype with four apical cells in one hind wing and five apical cells in the other. Venation greenish proximally, becoming piceous distally, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein greenish separated by piceous fascia, absent in some paratypes, cubitus posterior piceous, posterior of anal vein 2 + 3 piceous in some paratypes. Basal cell about four times longer than broad. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing orange mottled with red. Hind wing venation similarly colored except castaneous median vein, anal vein 2 and anal vein 3, castaneous spot on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, proximal anal cell 1, proximal medial cell and proximal costal cell with orange mottled with red, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering orange and red area and base of cubital cell 1, cubital cell 2 and anal cell 1. Legs. Legs ochraceous, tinged with castaneous in some paratypes, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, fore tibiae with piceous spot proximally, thickly striped with piceous and transverse piceous mark near distal terminus, middle and hind tibiae with thinner and shorter fascia and incomplete marking distally, tibial spurs and tibial combs castaneous with darker tips, tarsi piceous except ground color ventral and lateral mesotarsus and annular ground color mark on proximal pretarsus just distal to proximal margin, amount of ground color increasing in posterior segments, pretarsal claws piceous with dark ground color base. Fore femora with primary spine angled to femur with distally curved tip, secondary spine almost upright with proximally curved tip, and very small tertiary spine, primary spine piceous, secondary spine ground color, darker in some paratypes, tertiary spine ground color. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with castaneous spot on base, an elongated triangle with mediad curved tip, reaching beyond operculum posterior margin to middle of tympanal cavity. Female meracanthus similarly shaped and colored, reaching to anterior of sternite III. Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, obtusely angled posteromedially, medial margin rounded, anteromedial margin obliquely angled to base, not reaching to anterior of sternite II posteriorly, well separated medially barely reaching lateral base of meracanthus, covered with short white pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin. Female operculum similarly colored and shaped but only reaching just past half the length of the meracanthus to the middle of sternite II. Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 ground color in holotype, ground color with transverse piceous fascia narrowing laterally, castaneous dorsoposterior castaneous in some paratypes, tergite 2with ground color castaneous spot on dorsal midline and light castaneous transverse dorsal fascia, paratypes generally with ground color anterior dorsolateral margin and posterior margin and transverse piceous fascia connecting to anterodorsal timbal cavity on primarily castaneous tergite with dark castaneous spot on dorsal midline, interior timbal cavity piceous, tergites 3–8 piceous anteriorly bordered posteriorly with castaneous and ground color posterior and lateral margins with dark castaneous spot on dorsal midline, piceous expanded in most paratypes, tergites sparsely covered with short silvery pile, denser in some paratypes, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 6–8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color with anterolateral castaneous spot, sternite II with small piceous spots on either side of midline near posterior margin and on posterior auditory capsule, sternites III–VII dark ground color with castaneous lateral spot, sternite III with piceous anterior margin expanding into spot on midline. Epipleurites dark ground color with castaneous spot, spots becoming darker in posterior epipleurites. Sternite VIII ground color with elongated, lateral piceous spots, dorsal margin with curve near base forming an obtuse angle, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on sternites VII and VIII. Female sternite VII dark ground color with large anterolateral piceous spots, single, deep, V-shaped notch almost reaching anterior margin, posterolateral margin on either side of notch semicircular connecting to straight lateral margin. Female abdominal segment 9 ground color ventrally, piceous dorsoanteriorly, dorsolaterally, laterally on stigma and spots on the middle of the ventral margin, with castaneous spots on dorsoanterior and dorsally between posterior piceous marks, dorsal beak ground color with piceous tip, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile ventrally. Dorsal beak not as long as castaneous margined with ground color anal styles. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 straight. Genitalia. Male pygofer ground color with piceous anterior, large dorsolateral spots, dorsolateral spots anterior to posterior margin and a spot on ventral base of distal shoulder, and a castaneous dorsal spot anterior to posterior margin, piceous with ground color margin in some paratypes, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, not reaching to anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer with short silvery pile on dorsolateral posterior. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, curving dorsally at slightly oblique angle, extending more than half pygofer length, expanding distal to bend to leaf-shaped terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous with ground color margin on ventral style, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube castaneous with ground color posterior margin. Median uncus lobe ground color with piceous base, lateral piceous fascia becoming castaneous before terminating proximal to terminus, piceous on terminus, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, distal third curving toward sternite VIII, widening laterally from base before tapering to transverse posterior margin, small ridge on distal dorsal surface midline, ventral surface almost meeting along midline except for small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating long golden pile. Aedeagus castaneous with darker lateral fascia with a pair of terminal spines extending from ochraceous lateral lobes, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous. Female gonocoxite IX piceous with ground color ventral margin, gonapophysis IX castaneous, gonapophysis X castaneous with piceous tip. Ovipositor sheath reaching beyond dorsal beak to middle of anal styles. Long golden pile radiating from ovipositor sheath. Measurements (mm). n= 10♂, 2♀, mean (range). Length of body: ♂ 18.16 (16.35–19.55), ♀ 18.70 (18.10– 19.30); length of fore wing: ♂ 19.64 (18.50–20.75), ♀ 20.68 (20.45–20.90); width of fore wing: ♂ 6.88 (6.35–7.30), ♀ 7.03 (6.80–7.25); length of head: ♂ 3.12 (2.65–3.45), ♀ 3.38 (3.35–3.40); width of head including eyes: ♂ 5.84 (5.35–6.20), ♀ 6.20 (6.10–6.30); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: ♂ 6.20 (5.60–6.65), ♀ 6.73 (6.70–6.75); width of mesonotum: ♂ 5.46 (4.95–5.80), ♀ 5.93 (5.75–6.10). Song. Unknown. Diagnosis. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 16.35–19.55 mm, fore wing length between 18.50–20.90 mm, fore wing basal cell about 4.00 times longer than broad, a piceous mark along the proximal fore wing basal cell, a piceous fascia separating the fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins extending to node, a triangular meracanthus, medial opercular margin ground color, posteromedial operculum forming an obtuse angle, abdominal epipleurites with a central spot, and an uncus that is ground color with a piceous base and tip and a distal third of the dorsal side smoothly curving to the terminus. Distribution. The species is known from the type series collected in multiple localities in the Metropolitan, O’Higgins, and Valparaíso Regions of central Chile.