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Eidmanniella nancyae Ryan & Price, 1969 Fig. 2b Eidmanniella nancyae Ryan & Price, 1969: 821. Description: Measurements: Female (n= 2): HL: 0.42–0.43; HW: 0.73–0.75; HI: 0.58–0.59; TL: 0.6; AL: 1.91–1.93; Total L: 2.93–2.97. Head semilunar, wider than long with clear preocular slit; hypopharyngeal sclerite weakly developed; third and fourth antennal segments large without constricted base, third antennal segment with two small leaf-like setae; temple completely rounded forming small connection at occiput with prothorax, occiput with two separated black spots; prothorax with characteristic sharp median spine; legs long, nearly equal in length, concolorous, third femur with sparse ventral setal brush. Abdomen elongated, with highly chitinised spiracles, segments III–V with prominent lateral ventral brUsh last plate on tergum with a row of small setae; male genitalia highly chitinised. Material examined: Ex Phalacrocorax nigrogularis, 9♀ Karan Island, SaUdi Arabia, 17.vi.2012. Known hosts Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, Socotra cormorant. Local host Phalacrocorax nigrogularis, Socotra cormorant., Published as part of Nasser, Mohamed Gamal El-Den, Al-Ahmed, Azzam, Ansari, Mohammad Javed & Shobrak, Mohammed Y., 2015, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) infesting breeding Suliformes (Aves: Aequornithes) of the Arabian Peninsula, pp. 709 in African Invertebrates 56 (3) on pages 712-713, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0313, http://zenodo.org/record/7914758, {"references":["RYAN, S. O. & PRICE, R. D. 1969. A review of the genus Eidmanniella (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) from the Pelecaniformes. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 62 (4): 815 - 823."]}

Nasser, Mohamed Gamal El-Den, Al-Ahmed, Azzam, Ansari, Mohammad Javed, Shobrak, Mohammed Y. (2015): Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) infesting breeding Suliformes (Aves: Aequornithes) of the Arabian Peninsula. African Invertebrates 56 (3): 709, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0313, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.5733/afin.056.0313

Pectinopygus socotranus Timmermann, 1964 Fig. 3a, b Pectinopygus socotranus Timmermann, 1964: 274. Description: Measurements: Male (n= 3): HL: 0.57–0.58; HW: 0.46–0.47; HI: 1.24–1.27; TL: 0.5; AL: 1.95–1.97; Total L: 3.02–3.09. Female (n =3): HL: 0.60–0.62; HW: 0.47–0.48; HI: 1.28–1.29; TL: 0.56–0.57; AL: 1.72–1.74; Total L: 2.88–2.90. Head conical in shape with few lateral setae, frontal part slightly expanded; antenna sexUally dimorphic, in male elbowed in shape, in female filiform, first antennal segment of male slightly longer than all the other segments combined, all antennal segments of female eqUal in siZe, brown, temporal margin flatly convex. Thorax trapeZoidal in shape with very short fore legs and very long mid and hind legs, the hind legs are the longest; metathorax with irregular margins with three long setae on posterior lateral margin. Abdomen elongated, female abdomen with grainy texture, tergal and sternal plates with two short central setae; 9 th segment of female deeply angularly emarginated with numerous setae; male genitalia asymmetrical. Material examined: Ex Phalacrocorax nigrogularis, 9♀ Karan Island, SaUdi Arabia, 17 JUne 2012. Known hosts Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Ogilvie-Grant & Forbes, Socotra cormorant. Local host Phalacrocorax nigrogularis, Socotra cormorant., Published as part of Nasser, Mohamed Gamal El-Den, Al-Ahmed, Azzam, Ansari, Mohammad Javed & Shobrak, Mohammed Y., 2015, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) infesting breeding Suliformes (Aves: Aequornithes) of the Arabian Peninsula, pp. 709 in African Invertebrates 56 (3) on page 713, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0313, http://zenodo.org/record/7914758, {"references":["TIMMERMANN, G. 1964. Gruppen-Revisionen bei Mallophagen. VII. Die Pectinopygus-Arten der Grosskormorane (Gen. Phalacrocorax Brisson, 1760 s. st.). Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburg Zoologischen Museum Institut 61: 271 - 284."]}

Pectinopygus sulae (Rudow, 1869) Fig. 3c, d Lipeurus sulae Rudow, 1869: 43. Lipeurus helleri Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902: 479. Lipeurus tuberculatus Piaget, 1885: 61. Description: Measurements: Male (n = 2): HL: 0.80–0.81; HW: 0.68–0.69; HI: 1.18–1.21; TL: 0.56–0.57; AL: 2.60–2.63; Total L: 3.96–3.99. Female (n =3): HL: 0.80–0.83; HW: 0.70–0.71; HI: 1.14–1.19; TL: 0.56–0.58; AL: 2.30–2.32; Total L: 3.66–3.69. Head conical in shape with numerous setae, especially around the hyaline margin, frontal part slightly expanded; first antennal segment of male as long as all the other segments combined, the first antennal segment of female largest and the 5 th antennal segment brown; temporal margin flatly convex. Thorax trapeZoidal, fore legs very short, mid and hind legs very long, eqUal in length; metathorax with irregUlar margins with five long setae on posterior lateral margin.Abdomen elongated with highly chitinised margins in both sexes, all segments with complete dark brown bands, tergal plates with two short central setae; each sternum with four short setae, 9 th segment of female deeply angularly emarginated with numerous setae; male genitalia asymmetrical with sharp pointed end. Material examined: Ex Sula leucogaster, 5♂ 3♀ JaZan ToUrism Marina, SaUdi Arabia, 23.iv.2013. Ex Sula dactylatra, 3♂ 1♀ Al-Hallaniyah Island, Oman, 15.ix.2014. Known hosts Sula leucogaster, Brown booby (type host); Sula dactylatra, Masked booby; Sula sula (L.), Red-footed booby. Local hosts Sula leucogaster and Sula dactylatra., Published as part of Nasser, Mohamed Gamal El-Den, Al-Ahmed, Azzam, Ansari, Mohammad Javed & Shobrak, Mohammed Y., 2015, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) infesting breeding Suliformes (Aves: Aequornithes) of the Arabian Peninsula, pp. 709 in African Invertebrates 56 (3) on pages 713-715, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0313, http://zenodo.org/record/7914758, {"references":["RUDOW, F. 1869. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Mallophagen oder Pelzfresser. Neue exotische Arten der Familie Philoperus. Halle: Wilh. Plotz.","KELLOGG, V. L. & KUWANA, S. I. 1902. Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos expedition, 1898 - 1899. X. Entomological results (8). Mallophaga from birds. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Science 4: 457 - 499.","PIAGET, E. 1885. Les Pediculines. Essai Monographique. Supplement. Leiden: E. J. Brill."]}

Eidmanniella albescens (Piaget, 1880) Fig. 2a Menopon albescens Piaget, 1880: 491. Menopon singulans Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902: 485. Eidmanniella sula Tendeiro, 1958: 443. Description: Measurements: Female (n =2): HL: 0.44–0.46; HW: 0.84–0.87; HI: 0.52–0.54; TL: 0.7; AL: 1.66–1.69; Total L: 2.8–2.9. Head semilunar, wider than long with faint preocular slit; hypopharyngeal sclerite well developed; antennae with characteristic club-shaped third and fourth segments with a constricted base attached in part with second antennal segment; temple expanded outward with four long setae; gula oblong with two small setae. Thorax with characteristic pointed median process on the prothorax; margin of prothorax with numerous short setae (14–18); legs long, nearly eqUal in length, concoloroUs, and third femUr with sparse ventral setal brush. Abdomen elongated oval in shape, ventral brush not clearly apparent on segments III–V, last tergite with characteristic short blUnt spiniform setae across the posterior margin, which separates this species from other Eidmanniella spp.; male genitalia weakly chitinised. Material examined: Ex Sula leucogaster 6♀ JaZan ToUrism Marina, SaUdi Arabia, 23.iv.2013. Ex Sula dactylatra Lesson 1♀ Al-Hallaniyah Island, Oman 15.ix.2014. Known hosts Morus serrator Gray, Australasian gannet (type host); Papasula abbotti (Ridgway), Abbott’s booby; Sula nebouxii Milne-Edwards, Blue-footed booby; Sula variegata (Tschudi), Peruvian booby; Sula dactylatra Lesson, Masked booby; Sula sula (L), Red-footed booby; Sula leucogaster (Boddaert), Brown booby (Suliformes: Sulidae). Local hosts Sula dactylatra, Masked booby; Sula leucogaster, Brown booby., Published as part of Nasser, Mohamed Gamal El-Den, Al-Ahmed, Azzam, Ansari, Mohammad Javed & Shobrak, Mohammed Y., 2015, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) infesting breeding Suliformes (Aves: Aequornithes) of the Arabian Peninsula, pp. 709 in African Invertebrates 56 (3) on pages 711-712, DOI: 10.5733/afin.056.0313, http://zenodo.org/record/7914758, {"references":["PIAGET, E. 1880. Les Pediculines. Essai Monographique. Leiden: E. J. Brill.","KELLOGG, V. L. & KUWANA, S. I. 1902. Papers from the Hopkins Stanford Galapagos expedition, 1898 - 1899. X. Entomological results (8). Mallophaga from birds. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Science 4: 457 - 499.","TENDEIRO, J. 1958. Etudes sur les Mallophages. Sur une nouvelle espece du genre Eidmanniella von Keler 1938 (Amblycera, Menoponidae), parasite de Sula leucogaster leucogaster (Boddaert) et Sula leucogaster plotus Forster. Garcia de Orta 6 (3): 443 - 449."]}

Al-Ahmed, Azzam, Shobrak, Mohammed, Nasser, D. (2014): Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from Red Sea gulls with new host-parasite records. Zootaxa 3790 (4): 567-576, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3790.4.5

Actornithophilus piceus lari (Packard, 1870) (Figs 3 a, 4 a) Colpocephalum lari Packard, 1870: 96, pl. 1, fig. 1. Actornithophilus piceus lari (Packard, 1870); Price et al. 2003: 84. Type host: Larus marinus Linnaeus, 1758 ���Great black-backed gull. Material examined (n = 14). Ex Larus argentatus Pontoppidan, 1763: 2 ♂, 4 ♀, 1 Nymph (N), Jazan Fish Market (16 o 54 ' 12 ''N, 42 o 32 ' 40 ''E), 24 Nov. 2012. Ex Larus michahellis Naumann, 1840: 3 ♂, 3 ♀, 1 N, Jazan Coast (16 o 56 ' 22 ''N, 42 o 32 ' 35 ''E), 12 Dec. 2013. Remarks. Species of the genus Actornithophilus are exclusively parasitic on members of the order Charadriiformes (Price et al. 2003: 82). The best available revision of this genus is by Clay (1962). Specimens of Actornithophilus are usually found on wing feathers, and characterized by a ������trilobed��� head with conspicuous preocular slits. Actornithophilus piceus (Denny, 1842) infests birds of the families Laridae and Sternidae, but the subspecies A. piceus lari (Figs 3 a, 4 a) is found only on gulls (Laridae). This species is characterized by: one very short seta on the labial palp base; a single seta on the mesosternal plate; latero-ventral seta of third tibia very fine and thin; and abdomen distally with two long seta arising from the last abdominal tergum. This is the first record of A. piceus lari from the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis)., Published as part of Al-Ahmed, Azzam, Shobrak, Mohammed & Nasser, D., 2014, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from Red Sea gulls with new host-parasite records, pp. 567-576 in Zootaxa 3790 (4) on page 570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/230438, {"references":["Packard, A. S. (1870) Certain parasitic insects. American Naturalist, 4, 83 - 99, pl. 1.","Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. (2003) The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey, 24, i - x + 1 - 501.","Clay, T. (1962) A key to the species of Actornithophilus Ferris with notes and descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 11 (5), 189 - 244.","Denny, H. (1842) Monographia Anoplurorum Britanniae or, an essay on the British species of parasitic insects belonging to the order of Anoplura of Leach, with the modern divisions of the genera according to the views of Leach, Nitzsch, and Burmeister, with highly magnified figures of each species. Henry G. Bohn, London, xxiv + 262 pp., 26 pls."]}

Quadraceps punctatus regressus Timmermann, 1952 (Figs 3 d, 4g) Quadraceps punctatus regressus Timmermann, 1952 a: 215. Quadraceps punctatus regressus Timmermann, 1952; Price et al. 2003: 227. Type host. Larus argentatus Pontoppidan, 1763 ���Herring gull Material examined (n = 4). Ex Larus argentatus Pontoppidan, 1763: 3 ♂, Jazan Fish Market (16 o 54 '' 12 ''N, 42 o 32 ' 40 ''E), 24 Nov. 2012. Ex Larus armenicus Buturlin, 1934: 1 ♂, Jazan Fish Market (16 o 54 ' 9 ''N, 42 o 32 ' 40 ''E), 23 Nov. 2012. Quadraceps punctatus regressus is characterized by: a marked reduction of its black spots (Fig. 3 d); the prothorax having four clearly separated spots (Fig. 4 g); and the first abdominal segment of the male with a dark anterior spot, but not in the female. This is the first record of Q. punctatus regressus from the Armenian gull (Larus armenicus)., Published as part of Al-Ahmed, Azzam, Shobrak, Mohammed & Nasser, D., 2014, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from Red Sea gulls with new host-parasite records, pp. 567-576 in Zootaxa 3790 (4) on page 573, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/230438, {"references":["Timmermann, G. (1952 a) The species of the genus Quadraceps (Mallophaga) from the Larinae, with some remarks on the systematics and the phylogeny of the gulls. Part I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 209 - 222, pl. 22.","Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. (2003) The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey, 24, i - x + 1 - 501."]}

Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) lari (O. Fabricius, 1780) (Figs 3 e,f, 4 d) Pediculus lari O. Fabricius, 1780: 219. Saemundssonia (Saemundssonia) lari (O. Fabricius, 1780); Price et al. 2003: 234. Type host. Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus, 1767 ���Glaucous gull. Material examined (n = 53). Ex Larus argentatus Pontoppidan, 1763: 2 ♂, 8 ♀, 3 N, Umm Al-Malik Island, Red Sea (25 �� 13 ' 48 ''N, 37 �� 8 ' 37 ''E), 12 Nov. 2011. Ex Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus (Temminck, 1825): 5 ♂, 10 ♀, 5 N, Jazan Fish Market (16 o 54 ' 12 ''N, 42 o 32 ' 40 ''E), 24 Nov. 2012. Ex Larus armenicus Buturlin, 1934: 2 ♂, 7 ♀, Jazan Fish Market (16 o 54 ' 9 ''N, 42 o 32 ' 40 ''E), 23 Nov. 2012. Ex Ichthyaetus hemprichii (Bruch, 1853): 2 ♂, 4 ♀, Jeddah (21 o 24 ' 56 ''N, 39 o 11 ' 13 ''E), 25 Apr. 2013. Ex Larus michahellis Naumann, 1840: 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 N, Jazan Coast (16 o 56 '' 22 ''N, 42 o 32 ' 35 ''E), 12 Dec. 2013. Species of Saemundssonia live primarily on the head and neck of the host. They are highly pigmented and are characterized by male genitalia, female subgenital plate and clypeal signature. Saemundssonia (S.) lari parasitises a great number of gull species (Price et al. 2003: 234), and is distinguished from other Saemundssonia species by the male genitalia (Fig. 4 d), as other characters may be confusing (Palma 2000; 2012). These are the first records of S. (S.) lari from the Armenian (Larus armenicus) and the yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis)., Published as part of Al-Ahmed, Azzam, Shobrak, Mohammed & Nasser, D., 2014, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from Red Sea gulls with new host-parasite records, pp. 567-576 in Zootaxa 3790 (4) on page 573, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/230438, {"references":["Fabricius, O. (1780) Fauna Groenlandica systematice sistens animalia Groenlandiae occidentalis hactenus indagata. J. G. Rothe, Hafniae & Leipzig, xvi + 452 pp., pl. 1.","Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. (2003) The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey, 24, i - x + 1 - 501.","Palma, R. L. (2000) The species of Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from skuas (Aves: Stercorariidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 27 (2), 121 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2000.9518217","Palma, R. L. (2012) Three new species of the louse genus Saemundssonia (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Zootaxa, 3478, 38 - 48."]}

Quadraceps punctatus clayae Timmermann, 1952 (Figs 3 c, 4 f) Quadraceps punctatus clayi [sic] Timmermann, 1952 a: 212, fig. 2 b. Quadraceps punctatus clayae Timmermann, 1952; Price et al. 2003: 226. Type host: Ichthyaetus hemprichii (Bruch, 1853) ���Sooty gull. Material examined (n = 41). Ex Ichthyaetus hemprichii (Bruch, 1853): 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Jeddah (21 o 24 ' 56 ''N, 39 o 11 ' 13 ''E), 25 Apr. 2013. Ex Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus (Temminck, 1825): 3 ♂, 4 ♀, Jazan Fish Market (16 o 54 ' 9 ''N, 42 o 32 ' 40 ''E), 23 Nov. 2012; 7 ♂, 20 ♀, 3 N, Jazan Fish Market (16 o 54 ' 12 ''N, 42 o 32 ' 40 ''E), 24 Nov. 2012. Remarks. Species of the genus Quadraceps are exclusively parasitic on members of the order Charadriiformes (Price et al. 2003: 222). Quadraceps punctatus (Burmeister, 1838) is a well-known species recorded from almost all species of gulls (Price et al. 2003: 226). It is characterized by: a delicate and elongated white body with black spots; head longer than wide; generally colourless male genitalia with broad and sharply bent paramers (Fig. 4 c). Based on the gradation in size, shape and distribution of the black spots, Timmermann (1952 a) recognized and described eight subspecies within Q. punctatus, from the palest to the darkest form. Quadraceps punctatus clayae is one of the darkly pigmented subspecies (Fig. 3 c), characterized by the prothorax with connected spots (Fig. 4 f), and the female first abdominal tergal plate not pigmented., Published as part of Al-Ahmed, Azzam, Shobrak, Mohammed & Nasser, D., 2014, Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) from Red Sea gulls with new host-parasite records, pp. 567-576 in Zootaxa 3790 (4) on pages 572-573, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/230438, {"references":["Timmermann, G. (1952 a) The species of the genus Quadraceps (Mallophaga) from the Larinae, with some remarks on the systematics and the phylogeny of the gulls. Part I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5, 209 - 222, pl. 22.","Price, R. D., Hellenthal, R. A., Palma, R. L., Johnson, K. P. & Clayton, D. H. (2003) The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Illinois Natural History Survey, 24, i - x + 1 - 501."]}