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Bartz, Marie L. C., Marchán, Daniel F., Nguyen, Anh D., Jamieson, Barrie G. M. (2023): GLOBAL DIVERSITY OF EARTHWORMS - PAPERS IN HONOR OF İBRAHIM METE Misirlioğlu (1972-2021) AND CLIVE EDWARDS (1925-2021) AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TWENTY YEARS OF ZOOTAXA. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 1-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.1

Eukerria rosea (Beddard) BRRS0311 (64 individuals), BRRS0312 (48 individuals), BRRS0313 (13 individuals), BRRS0314 (13 individuals), BRRS0315 (6 individuals), BRRS0316 (68 individuals), BRRS0317 (34 individuals) in 0 to 30 soil depth in agropastoral system in Vale Verde – RS (-29.757672 -52.144965, 72 m. a.s.l.), 18/07/2019, J.C. Niemeyer, J.G. Niemeyer, J.E. Niemeyer, A. Wegner, O. Rosa colls. BRRS0382 (7 individuals), BRRS0383 (11 individuals), BRRS0384 (2 individuals), BRRS0385 (3 individuals), BRRS0386 (20 individuals), BRRS0387 (19 individuals) in 0 to 30 soil depth in natural grassland (NG2) system in Vale Verde —RS in Vale Verde —RS (-29.755827 - 52.147108, 72 m. a.s.l.), 18/07/2019, J.C. Niemeyer, J.G. Niemeyer, J.E. Niemeyer, A. Wegner, O. Rosa colls., Published as part of De Santo, Fernanda B., Niemeyer, Júlia C. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2023, Earthworms in the conversion of natural grasslands to agropastoral systems-a preliminary study in Vale Verde, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp. 389-398 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 393, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.31, http://zenodo.org/record/7745055

Glossoscolex n.sp. 9 (new species) BRSP0757, BRSP0762, and BRSP0775 (2 adults each) in IP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0787, 1 adult in AP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors.

Ocnerodrilidae sp.49 BRRS0285, 2 individuals surface soil under no-tillage in Sarandi —RS (27°55’27.37”S, 52°47’28.62”W), May 2019. M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas, J. Tomporowski, W.C. Demetrio colls. BRRS0404, 1 individual, surface soil under no-tillage in Sarandi —RS (27°55’27.37”S, 52°47’28.62”W), May 2019. M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas, J. Tomporowski, W.C. Demetrio colls. BRRS0409, 1 individual, surface soil under no-tillage in Sarandi —RS (27°55’27.37”S, 52°47’28.62”W), May 2019. M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas, J. Tomporowski, W.C. Demetrio colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 369, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

Bruz, Lilianne Dos Santos Maia, Santos, Alessandra, Demetrio, Wilian C., Primo, Daniele De Freitas, Feliciano, Luana Priscila, Fernandes, Carlos Henrique, Bartz, Marie L. C., Bernardi, Alberto Carlos De Campo, Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo, Brown, George Gardner (2023): Earthworms in various agricultural and forest ecosystems in São Carlos-SP Brazil. Zootaxa 5255 (1): 324-335, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.26, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.26

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) gracilis (Michaelsen) BRDF0008 (2 adults), BRDF0012 (1 adult), BRDF0017 (4 adults), BRDF0028 (1 adult), BRDF0035 (5 adults), BRDF0039 (5 adults), BRDF0043 (7 adults), BRDF0046 (5 adults), BRDF0048 (2 adults), BRDF0052 (8 adults), BRDF0059 (3 adults), BRDF0057 (2 adults), BRDF0063 (4 adults), BRDF0068 (2 adults), BRDF0072 (1 adult), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in silvopastoral system, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'38.63", W47°42'16.30"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0092, 1 adult, surface soil horizon (0–10 cm) in Eucalyptus sp. plantation, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°35'5.63", W47°43'31.47"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0105 (4 adults), BRDF0119 (1 adult), BRDF0125 (1 adult), BRDF0129 (2 adults), BRDF0135 (2 adults), BRDF0137 (2 adults), BRDF0138 (5 individuals), BRDF0182 (3 individuals), BRDF0185 (1 individual), BRDF0187 (1 adult), in pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv Piat„, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44’45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0193 (1 adultas), BRDF0197 (2 adults) surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous pasture with the legume Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°38'58.86" S, W47°44'41.41"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0228 (1 individual), BRDF0244 (3 individuals), in agropastoral system (in crop phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’53.10”, W47º44’41.59”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0245 (1 individual), BRDF0250 (2 individuals), BRDF0253 (6 adults), in agropastoral system (in crop phase) under notillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’58.33”, W47º44’40.65”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0262, 3 adults, in agropastoral system (in pasture phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W 47º44’45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0274 (1 individual), BRDF0278 (1 adult), in agropastoral system (in pasture phase) under no-tilage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’58.33”, W47º44’40.65”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0283, 1 individual, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous conventional annual crop with minimum tillage and no cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’55.28”, W47º44’41.14”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0289 (2 individuals), BRDF0294 (3 individuals), BRDF0297 (4 individuals), BRDF0299 (2 individuals), BRDF0300 (1 individual), BRDF0303 (2 individuals), BRDF0305 (2 individual), BRDF0308 (2 individuals), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous annual crop under no-tillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’58.33”, W47º44’40.65”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0323, 1 individual, in agropastoral system in pasture phase with Megathyrsus maximus, CTZL-Embrapa Cerrados, Recanto das Emas-DF (S15°57'21.57", W48° 7'47.57"), 4 April 2019, C. C. Niva; I. C. Ferreira; C. Y. H. Ussuki, W. de M. Araújo, P. P. Santos, colls. BRDF0326 (4 individuals), BRDF0327 (8 individuals), in integrated crop-livestock-forestry, CTZL-Embrapa Cerrados, Recanto das Emas-DF (S15°57'27.58", W48° 7'46.71"), 4 April 2019, C. C. Niva; I. C. Ferreira; C. Y. H. Ussuki, W. de M. Araújo, P. P. Santos, colls. BRDF0333, 7 individual, in pre planting crop, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'58", W47°42'46.31"), 16 April 2019, C. C. Niva; T. W. F. Xavier; S. S. S. Oliveira, colls. BRDF0338, 1 individual, in irrigated sugarcane, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'1.58", W47°42'46.31"), 28 August 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur„es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0376, 2 individuals, in soybean, farm in Planaltina-DF, (S15°19'48", W47°38'2.4"), 20 January 2020, C. C. Niva, N. Dur„es. colls. BRDF0380 (9 individuals), in gallery forest, Águas Emendadas Ecological Station, Planaltina-DF (S15°32'43.50" W47°33'59.25"), 13 February 2020, C. C. Niva, N. Dur„es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, K. M. M. de Deus, C. Y. H. Ussuki, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 292, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Eukerria barrigosii James, Bartz & Brown, sp. nov. (Fig. 3 a-c) Holotype. BRMS0115, one adult, Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, S20.2614°, W56.4168°, 114 m asl, in flooded rice field; 27 September 2006, J.A. Barrigosi, coll. Paratypes. BRMS0013, one adult, two pre-clitellates, same data as holotype. BRMS0007, one adult, same data as holotype. Etymology. The species is named in honor of its collector, José Antonio Barrigosi, who has sent us several lots of specimens from the region. Description. Dimensions 53-73 mm by 1.2-1.4 mm at segment x, 1.0- 1.2 mm at xxx, 1.2-1.5 mm at clitellum; body cylindrical throughout, segments 84. Setae closely paired throughout, CD sub-lateral; setal formula AA:AB: BC:CD = 4:1:4.5:1 at xxx, DD> ½ circumference. Setae AB present unmodified in xvii-xix. Prostomium epilobous open; segments without secondary annulations. Unpigmented, no dorsal pores, spermathecal pores in 7/8, 8/ 9 in BC just below C. Ovipores in xiv just behind 13/ 14 in B line. Male pores in seminal grooves in xviii; prostatic pores at ends of grooves lateral to B in xvii-xix; seminal grooves, prostatic pores on longitudinal elevated pads aligned about the AB distance lateral to B in xvii-xix. Clitellum xiii- xxii, saddle-shaped, genital markings mid-ventral in BB from equator of ix to equator of x, mid-ventral in AA from equator of xv to 16/17, mid-ventral in AA from equator of xx to equator of xxii, or only to 21/22 (Fig. 3a). Anterior septa 5/6-8/9 thickly muscular, others membranous. Alimentary canal with distinct gizzard in vii; esophagous valvular in xi, intestinal origin ½ xii; no typhlosole, slight intestinal constriction at 21/22. Calciferous glands paired in ix, elongate with ascending duct, attached latero-dorsally to esophagus. Glands with thick wall composed of longitudinal tubules, central lumen present (Fig. 3b); each gland with blood vessel from anterior end to extra-esophageal vessel, blood vessel from posterior face of gland to supra-esophageal vessel. Holonephric, tubular nephridia with dense white mantle filling segmental cavities from A to mid-dorsal, first nephridia in xii. Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vi-ix, large latero-esophageal hearts in x, xi. Fan-shaped ovaries, free with funnels in xiii; paired spermathecae in viii, ix, each an irregular sac ampulla on long slender duct with thicker section at ampulla junction, sperm chambers within this thicker part of the duct, no diverticulum; spermathecae of viii smaller (Fig. 3c). Male sexual system proandric, testes and funnels in x free, vas deferens superficial on body wall from 10/11 to xviii, iridescent and enlarging in xvii-xviii, terminating in small round chamber on body wall of xviii, seminal vesicles in ix with several long stalked branches, placed laterally on body wall, large and post-septal in xi; tubular prostates folded under intestine within xvii-xxiii, xxxv, xxxvii; prostatic ducts ectally enlarged, muscular, no penial setae. Remarks: The new species is geographically and morphologically close to E. subandina (Rosa, 1895) from the same region of Brazil but on the opposite side of the Pantanal (Urucum; Jamieson 1970). Eukerria barrigosii sp. nov. is diagnosed by the saddle-shaped longer clitellum ending on xxii, whereas most others terminate in xix or xx, lack of copulatory bursae at the prostatic pores, spermathecal pores below C in BC, lack of genital markings, spermathecae not in spiral form and with ducts shorter than ampulla, the first muscular septum 5/6, and the first nephridia in xii. Unfortunately, no DNA barcode data is available for this species., Published as part of James, Samuel W., Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, New Ocnerodrilidae genera, species and records from Brazil (Annelida: Crassiclitellata), pp. 235-269 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 240-241, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.22, http://zenodo.org/record/7744817, {"references":["Rosa, D. (1895) Viaggio del dottor Alfredo Borelli nella Republica Argentina e nel Paraguay - Oligocheti terricoli. Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della Universita di Torino, 10 (204), 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8048","Jamieson, B. M. (1970) A taxonomic revision of the oligochaete genus Eukerria Michaelsen, 1935 (Ocnerodrilinae, Megascolecidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 20, 133 - 172."]}

Kerriona sp. 6 BRRS0231 (9 individuals), BRRS0232 (1 individual), BRRS0233 (9 individuals), BRRS0234 (4 individuals), BRRS0235 (11 individuals), BRRS0238 (3 individuals). BRRS0230 (2 individuals), BRRS0326 (10 individuals), BRRS0327 (2 individuals), BRRS0328 (2 individuals), BRRS0329 (3 individuals), BRRS0330 (7 individuals), BRRS0236 (2 individuals), BRRS0237 (1 individual), BRRS0331 (5 individuals), in soil 0-20 cm depth in agropastoral farming system, Aceguá /RS (ICL1, -31.6633333 -54.17861111, 177 masl); 12 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls. BRRS0332 (4 individuals), BRRS0333 (1 individual), BRRS0334 (5 individuals), BRRS0335 (1 individual), BRRS0336 (1 individual), BRRS0337 (1 individual), BRRS0338 (1 individual), BRRS0339 (8 individuals), BRRS0340 (6 individuals). BRRS0341 (1 individual), BRRS0342 (2 individuals), BRRS0343 (1 individual), BRRS0344 (2 individuals), BRRS0345 (3 individuals), BRRS0346 (7 individuals), in soil 0-20 cm depth in agropastoral, Aceguá / RS (ICL2, -31.6613889 -54.16555556, 114 masl); 13 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls. BRRS0247 (11 individuals), BRRS0248 (1 individual), BRRS0249 (1 individual), BRRS0254 (2 individuals), in soil 0-20 cm depth in agropastoral farming system, Aceguá /RS (ICL3, -31.6455556 -54.15500000, 170 masl); 14 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls. BRRS0239 (1 individual), BRRS0240 (1 individual), BRRS0241 (1 individual), in soil 0-20 cm depth in grazed natural grassland, Aceguá /RS (NGP1, -31.6625000 -54.18000000, 177 masl); 12 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls. BRRS0243 (14 individuals), BRRS0244 (1 individual), BRRS0242 (1 individual), BRRS0347 (11 individual), BRRS0245 (1 individual), in soil 0-20 cm depth in grazed natural grassland, Aceguá /RS (NGP2, -31.6597222 -54.16500000, 168 masl); 13 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls. BRRS0256 (3 individuals), BRRS0259 (1 individual), BRRS0261 (1 individual), BRRS0262 (1 individual), BRRS0263 (9 individuals), BRRS0257 (2 individuals), BRRS0258 (1 individual), BRRS0357 (2 individuals), BRRS0260 (3 individuals), in soil 0-20 cm depth in grazed natural grassland, Aceguá /RS (NGP3, -31.6463889 - 54.15666667, 170 masl); 14 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls., Published as part of Gillanders, Stephen M. G., Podgaiski, Luciana R., Overbeck, Gerhard E., Santos, Alessandra, Winck, Bruna, Brown, George G. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2023, Earthworms in natural grasslands and agropastoral systems in the Brazilian Pampa, pp. 377-388 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.30, http://zenodo.org/record/7745051

Parabauba veracelensis James, Bartz & Brown, sp. nov. (Fig. 15 a-d) Holotype. BRBADNA0340, late juvenile, Estaç „o Veracel Private Reserve (RPPN Estaç„o Veracel), Porto Seguro, Bahia state, Brazil, S16.38724 ˚ W39.16957 ˚, 90 m asl., 30 cm deep in mineral soil of primary forest; 14 November 2014, M.L.C. Bartz, H. Nadolny, E. da Silva and G.G. Brown, colls. Paratype s: BRBADNA336, 337, 338, 339, 341, five late juveniles, same data as holotype, one in each vial. Etymology. The species is named for the type locality (RPPN Estaç„o Veracel), and the Veracel (Veracruz Celulose) company, the owner and manager of the reserve. Description. Dimensions 40-55 mm by 2 mm at segment x, 2 mm at xxx, body cylindrical, segments 130-153; last 20 to 30 segments tapering and shortening. Setae closely paired; first setae in ii, setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD: DD = 5:1:10:1:32 at xxx. Prostomium epilobous open; segments lacking secondary annulations. Unpigmented, no dorsal pores, spermathecal pores intersegmental 7/8/ 9 in AB, surrounded by oval lip. Ovipores not observed; male field acanthodriline, slightly depressed; prostatic pores equatorial in xvii, xix on transverse oval papillae; male pores in xviii in seminal grooves. Setae AB in xvii, xviii, xix not seen. Clitellum not developed; genital markings absent (Fig. 15a, b). Septa 5/6-9/10 strongly muscular, 10/11/12/13 slightly muscular. Alimentary canal with long well-developed gizzard in v; esophagus valvular in xii, intestinal origin in xiii (Fig. 15c, d); no typhlosole. Calciferous glands ovate oriented vertically, paired in ix and x, no central lumen, parallel large tubules or lamellae converging near duct; glands of ix with blood vessel from anterior end to extra-esophageal vessel, and blood vessel from posterior end of gland to supra-esophageal vessel; glands of x with blood vessels through duct of gland. Gland attachment at dorsolateral face of esophagus. Holonephric, first nephridia in segment v, in intestinal segments small, confined to BC, tubular throughout. Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vii-ix, latero-esophageal hearts in x-xi. Supraesophageal vessel in ix-xi. Ovaries, funnels free in xiii; paired adiverticulate spermathecae in viii, ix, duct muscular with ectal bulb at body wall, tapering entally towards ampulla; ampulla ovate (Fig. 15c). Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels free in x, xi; vas deferens superficial on body wall from 10/11 to xviii where it enters body wall; seminal vesicles acinous in xi, xii. Slender tubular prostates coiled under or alongside intestine within xiii-xx (Fig. 15d). Prostatic ducts long, muscular, of constant diameter. Remarks. So far, the only described species in the genus, it is distinguished from all other Ocnerodrilidae by the diagnostic characters of the genus. Unlike the other Ocnerodrilidae examined for this publication, the calciferous glands contained abundant white powder, presumed to be calcium carbonate granules. DNA barcode data for this species was not obtained. A different, still undescribed species of Parabauba was found by Silva et al. (2023) at the Una Biological Reserve, around 120 km (in straight line) from the Veracel station.

Polypheretima elongata (Perrier) BRGO0040, 1 adult, in an agroecological crop area, Catal„o-GO (S17°54'47.56", W 47°34'37.37"), 1 March 2017, C. T. de T. Machado, J. B. Corinto, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 295, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Rhinodrilus sp.2 BRDF0415, (1 individual), BRDF0418, (1 individual), in open humid savannah, Botanical Garden, BrasíliaDF (S15°52'52.51", W47°51'28.27"), 13 December 2018, M. L. C. Bartz, C. C. Niva, G. G. Brown, R. L. March „o, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Genus Ocnerodrilus Eisen, 1878 Type species: Ocnerodrilus occidentalis Eisen, 1878 Diagnosis: The diagnosis of Righi (1994) is still valid after the description of the present species. It is summarized as follows: setae lumbricine, dorsal pores absent, biprostatic or quadriprostatic, with male pores near prostatic pores in 17/18 or joined to prostatic pores in xvii; Holandric, metagynic, adiverticulate spermathecae in ix. Gizzard absent, calciferous glands paired in ix with a central cavity surrounded by lengthwise lamellae of varying depths. Remarks: Spermathecae, male organs, including prostates and male pores may be absent in some species with parthenogenetic reductions. Some species have smooth inner walls of the calciferous glands. There are 29 nominal species of Ocnerodrilus, at least 12 of which are probably synonyms of O. occidentalis (Gates, 1973; Blakemore 2006): O. beddardi Eisen, 1893, O. guatemalae Eisen, 1893, O. hendriei Eisen, 1893, O. sonorae Eisen, 1893, O. calwoodi Michaelsen, 1898, O. occidentalis “ var. arizonae ” Eisen, 1900, O. mexicanus Eisen, 1900, O. comundui Eisen, 1900, O. sinensis Eisen, 1900, O. tenellulus Gates, 1945, and O. asiaticus Chen & Hsu, 1975. Gates (1973) further considered that O. sabanae Cognetti, 1904 should be considered species incertae sedis because the calciferous glands are not adequately characterized, and O. calwoodi should be placed in synonymy because it might represent the sexual lineage from which the asexual lineage(s) may have been derived. However, that was based on then-current concepts about species status and the appropriateness of naming parthenogenetic groups. Ideas have since changed and in consideration of the morphologically distinct status of O. calwoodi, it should be removed from synonymy. Fragoso & Brown (2007) also called attention to the need for further revision of Ocnerodrilus and closely related genera, considering the discovery of several new species found by Righi (1984) and Righi & FraileMerino (1987), as well as the need for additional sampling, particularly in Central America, where the supposed amphimictic population of O. occidentalis may be found., Published as part of James, Samuel W., Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, New Ocnerodrilidae genera, species and records from Brazil (Annelida: Crassiclitellata), pp. 235-269 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.22, http://zenodo.org/record/7744817, {"references":["Righi, G. (1994) On new and old-known Oligochaeta genera from Parai´ba State, Brazil. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101, 89 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79901","Gates, G. E. (1973) Contributions to North American earthworms (Annelida) No. 7. Contributions to a revision of the earthworm family Ocnerodrilidae IX. What is Ocnerodrilus occidentalis? Bulletin of the Tall Timbers Research Station, 14, 13 - 28.","Blakemore, R. J. (2006) Cosmopolitan earthworms - an eco-taxonomic guide to the peregrine species of the world. Kippax, Australia: VermEcology.","Righi, G. (1984) On a collection of Neotropical megadrili Oligochaeta I. Ocnerodrilidae, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, Megascolecidae. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19 (1), 9 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528409360641"]}

Eukerria ibicatuensis James, Bartz & Brown, sp. nov. (Fig. 2a, b) Holotype. BRPR1851, one adult, Ibicatú State Park, Ibicatú, Paraná state, Brazil, S22.786°, W51.488°, 331 m asl, in wet seepage area near small river; 29 April 2004, G. Brown and S. James, colls. Paratypes. BRPR0555, two adults, one of them amputated, same data as holotype. Other material. BRPR1962, one subadult, two juveniles, same data as holotype. Etymology. The species name is based on the location of the collection in the Paraná state park of Ibicatú. Description. Dimensions 68-81 mm by 2-2.3 mm at segment x, 1.9-2.4 mm at xxx, 2.3-2.6 mm at clitellum; body cylindrical throughout, segments 160, 188 (of which 18 appear to be regenerated). Setae closely paired throughout, CD sub-lateral; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 4.5:1.2:4:1 at xxx, DD> ½ circumference. Setae A present unmodified in xvii, xix; AB lacking in xviii; B lacking in xvii, xix. Prostomium epilobous open; segments without secondary annulations. Unpigmented, no dorsal pores, spermathecal pores large in 7/8, 8/ 9 in CD. Ovipores in xiv faint slits just behind 13/ 14 in B line. Male pores in seminal grooves in xviii; prostatic pores at ends of grooves slightly lateral to B in xvii-xix; prostatic porophores bearing small cleft papillae at ends of seminal grooves. Seminal grooves, prostatic pores on longitudinal elevated pads aligned lateral to ½ AB in xvii-xix; pads slightly constricted at xviii equator. Clitellum xiii-xxi, saddle-shaped, only present dorsally in xii, xxi, no other genital markings (Fig. 2a). Anterior septa 5/6-8/9 thickly muscular, 9/10-11/12 less so. Alimentary canal with gizzard in vii; esophagous valvular in xi, intestinal origin in xii; no typhlosole or other differentiation of intestine. Calciferous glands blunt sagittate with ascending duct, paired in ix, attached latero-dorsally to esophagus. Glands with thick wall, irregular central lumen formed by longitudinal, radial projections of glandular tissue towards the center (Fig 2b); each gland with blood vessel from anterior end to extra-esophageal vessel, blood vessel from posterior face of gland to supraesophageal vessel. Holonephric, tubular nephridia bound within membranous covering to form flat, transparent ribbon, first nephridia in xii. Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in v-ix, latero-esophageal hearts in x, xi. Fan-shaped ovaries, with funnels in xiii; paired spermathecae in viii, ix, each an irregular sac ampulla on long broad duct, no diverticulum; sperm chambers visible within duct near body wall. Male sexual system proandric, testes and funnels in x free, vas deferens superficial on body wall from 10/11 to xviii terminating without enlargement, seminal vesicles in ix with several long stalked branches, placed laterally on body wall, large and post-septal in xi; tubular prostates folded under intestine within xviii-xxi; prostatic ducts ectally enlarged, muscular, enter dome-shaped circular copulatory bursae, no penial setae. Remarks. Eukerria contains two taxa in which the prostatic porophores merge antero-posteriorly to form a longitudinal bar, rather than the situation in which the porophores of a segment encroach towards one another to form a merged, or nearly merged, transverse bar across each of xvii and xix. Eukerria garmani garmani (Rosa, 1898) and E. g. argentinae Jamieson, 1970 are these two other taxa which have the longitudinal merger. Compared to the former subspecies, E. ibicatuensis sp. nov. lacks genital markings in xiii, has a larger gizzard, has more dorsally located spermathecal pores (CD vs. mid-BC), the calciferous glands are dorso-laterally attached to the esophagus (vs. ventro-laterally), the seminal vesicles of xi are larger than those of ix (vs. equal), prostates are confined to xviiixxi, prostate ducts enter small bursae (vs. not), and the spermathecal ducts are longer than the ampulla (vs. shorter). The differences from E. g. argentinae are fewer and as follows: the first nephridia are in xii (vs. xi), and there are distinct seminal grooves rather than a very glandular porophore and male field area marked by numerous transverse and longitudinal folds. Other species are excluded by the structure of the calciferous glands and positions and/or forms of genital pores. Eukerria cuca has similarly placed spermathecal pores but they are accompanied by genital markings and internal genital marking glands; it also has a simpler lumen of the calciferous glands, shorter clitellum and lesser male field development. DNA barcodes for this species are GU013976 and GU013977. Calculations based on the K2P 14% criterion (conservative) and the ASAP algorithm (Puillandre et al. 2020) both separated this species from all other known ocnerodrilid barcode sequences., Published as part of James, Samuel W., Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, New Ocnerodrilidae genera, species and records from Brazil (Annelida: Crassiclitellata), pp. 235-269 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 238-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.22, http://zenodo.org/record/7744817, {"references":["Jamieson, B. M. (1970) A taxonomic revision of the oligochaete genus Eukerria Michaelsen, 1935 (Ocnerodrilinae, Megascolecidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 20, 133 - 172.","Puillandre, N., Brouillet, S. & Achaz, G. (2020) ASAP: assemble species by automatic partitioning. Molecular Ecology Resources, 21 (2), 609 - 620. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.13281"]}

Glossoscolecidae (juveniles) BRPR0953, 1 individual, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°18’58.02”S; 51°27’35.39”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0954, 2 individuals, surface soil under riparian forest in Cambé — PR (23° 9’59.22”S; 51°14’16.67”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. ch (Schuster) colls. BRPR0955, 2 individuals, surface soil under riparian forest in Toledo — PR (24°48’58.54”S; 53°33’14.44”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRRS0294, 1 individual, surface soil under riparian forest in Sarandi —RS, (27°55’25.71”S 52°47’35.01”W) May 2019. M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas, J. Tomporowski, W.C. Demetrio colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 367, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

Glossoscolex sp. 50 BRRS0264 (2 individuals), BRRS0269 (1 individual), in soil 0-20 cm depth in agropastoral farming system, Alegrete /RS (ICL4, -29.7788889 -55.36444444, 171 masl); 16 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls. BRRS0270 (2 individuals), BRRS0271 (2 individuals), in soil 0-20 cm depth in native grass pasture, Alegrete /RS (NGP4, -29.7777778 -55.36305556, 205 masl); 16 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls., Published as part of Gillanders, Stephen M. G., Podgaiski, Luciana R., Overbeck, Gerhard E., Santos, Alessandra, Winck, Bruna, Brown, George G. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2023, Earthworms in natural grasslands and agropastoral systems in the Brazilian Pampa, pp. 377-388 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 379, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.30, http://zenodo.org/record/7745051

Eukerria adecarvalhoi James, Bartz & Brown, sp. nov. (Fig. 1 a-c) Holotype. BRSE0014, one adult, Fazenda Haras Chamusca, Lagarto, Sergipe state, Brazil, S11.033611°, W37.648528°, 137 m asl., degraded area on the banks of a small stream; 25 May 2012, André de Carvalho coll. Paratypes. BRSE0015, two adults, same data as holotype. Other material. BRSE0006, 8 adults, 4 juveniles, same data as holotype. BRSE0010, 4 juveniles and 2 adults, same data as holotype. Etymology. The species is named after the collector of most of the specimens, by contracting his first and family names. Description. Dimensions 35-53 mm by 1.3-1.7 mm at segment x, 1.1-1.6 mm at xxx, 1-1.5 mm at clitellum; body cylindrical throughout, segments 110-140. Setae paired throughout; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 2.5:1:4:1.3 at xxx, DD Septa 6/7-11/12 thin but not membranous. Alimentary canal with variable degree of pharyngeal muscles in iv, v; weak barrel-shaped gizzard in vii; esophagous valvular in xi, intestinal origin xii; no typhlosole or other differentiation of intestine. Calciferous glands ovate, paired in ix, composed of radial lamellae with very small central lumen (Fig. 1b); each gland with blood vessel from anterior end to extra-esophageal vessel, blood vessel from duct of gland to esophageal wall becoming supra-esophageal vessel. Holonephric, tubular nephridia lacking bladders, present from segment xi or xii, occupying space from mid-BC ventrally. Vascular system with ventral trunk, dorsal trunk, these connected by lateral vessels in vii, viii; lateral hearts in ix-xi; dorsal trunk in xi doubled with each side connecting to lateral heart of that segment. Ovaries, with funnels in xiii; paired spermathecae in viii, ix, each an elongate sac or with pronounced swelling at ampulla end, no diverticulum; sperm chambers visible within duct near body wall (Fig. 1c). Male sexual system proandric, testes and funnels free in x, vas deferens superficial on body wall from 10/11 to xviii; seminal vesicles small, parietal in ix, large post-septal in xi (Fig. 1c); tubular prostates with very long glandular portion folded under and along sides of intestine within xvi-xx, xxii; prostatic ducts more muscular at body wall, generally slender and long, gradually narrowing towards junction with glandular part. No penial setae. Remarks. Of the 32 nominal species, some are from far-flung locations, and might be synonyms of the peregrines E. kuekenthali (Michaelsen, 1908) or E. saltensis (Beddard, 1895). In the former group Blakemore (2006) includes E. peguana Gates, 1942 from Myanmar and E. selangorensis (Stephenson, 1931) from Malaysia. Junior synonyms of E. saltensis include at least E. gunningi Michaelsen, 1913, E. nichollsi Jackson, 1931 and E. sydneyensis Jackson, 1931 (Blakemore, 2006). Eukerria. hortensis (Stephenson, 1931), E. limosa (Stephenson, 1931), E. pascuorum (Stephenson, 1931) and E. rubra (Friend, 1916) may also be synonyms of these or other species, e.g., E. eiseniana (Rosa, 1895), but have not been adequately evaluated (Blakemore 2006). Species described after the publication of Righi (1968), which includes a key to all the known species of Eukerria (at that time) are the following: E. cuca Righi, 1984, E. emete Righi & Guerra, 1985, E. guamais Righi, 1971, E. mucu Righi, 1988, E. taisa Righi, 1983, and E. santafesina Lungstr ̂m, 1972. All of these publications were consulted in diagnosing the new species of Eukerria described here. The widely-distributed peregrine E. saltensis is epilobous, has an annular clitellum, is much more slenderbodied, the spermathecal pores are more ventral, the male field grooves are straighter and lack the oval genital markings at the ends of the grooves, as well as lacking the deep pits containing the male pores. Its calciferous gland is usually described as a solid mass with a small central lumen, and only by Gates (1942) as having radial lamellae extending into a large lumen. The same external characters distinguish E. adecarvalhoi sp. nov. from E. kuekenthali. The spermathecal pores of E. eiseniana are above the level of setal row D, its seminal grooves near the level of C, and there is no evidence of sperm production. However it appears to have radial lamellae in the calciferous glands. The present species is diagnosed by the following combination of character states: clitellum saddle shaped ending in xx, calciferous glands with parallel lamellae projecting radially inwards from the gland wall (cf. Righi 1968), spermathecal pores at the C setal row level, lacking genital markings, 2 pairs of prostate glands, prostate glands opening with copulatory bursae (interpreting the deep pits as such), double dorsal vessel in xi, and spermathecal duct shorter than the ampulla. In the new species the calciferous glands’ radial lamellae appear to meet, or almost meet, in the center of the gland, but it is difficult to tell if the sometime appearance of a small lumen is an artifact of making sections by hand, or a real feature of the gland. The specimens from BRSE006 were slightly larger and had less muscularity in the prostatic ducts but more in the pharynx area, compared to those of BRSE0010. External characters are in complete agreement between the two sites. Unfortunately, no DNA barcode data is available for this species.

Glossodrilus sp.1 BRDF0386, 30 adults, 97 juveniles, in soil beside a streamlet bordering the Cerrad „o, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'23.77" W47°42'31.20"), 4 March 2020, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, A. E. C. B. Guedes, N. Dur„es. BRDF0310, 1 adult, in soil beside streamlet close to the road, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'23.77" W47°42'31.20"), 16 April 2019, C. C. Niva, J. Lopes, colls. BRDF0337 (2 individuals), BRDF0340 (11 individuals), in irrigated sugarcane, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'1.58" W47°42'46.31"), 28 August 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0341, 18 adults, in soil beside watercourse in Cerrad „o, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'23.77" W47°42'31.20"), 30 August 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur„es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0353, 3 individuals, in agroforestry, Instituto Federal de Brasília, Planaltina-DF (S 15°39'36.9" W47°41'22.6"), 17 October 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0355, 1 individual, in floodable area of a vereda, Instituto Federal de Brasília, PlanaltinaDF (S15°39'16.2" W47°41'18.1"), 17 October 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0358, 2 individuals, in gallery forest, Instituto Federal de Brasília, Planaltina-DF (S15°39'31.8" W 47°41'17.5"), 17 October 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls. BRDF0374, 34 individuals, in abandoned pasture, Fazenda Água Limpa / UnB, Brasília-DF, (S15°56'40.87" W47°56'21.22"), 16 January 2020, C. C. Niva, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, K. M. M. de Deus, C. Y. H. Ussuki, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Megascolecidae juveniles BRSP0685 and BRSP0817 (1 juvenile each) in ASP; February 21, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, G.G. Brown, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0722, 2 juveniles in CP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, G.G. Brown, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0771, 1 juvenile in IP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors.

Amynthas gracilis (Kinberg) BRGO0041, 1 adult, in a home garden, Formosa-GO (S15°31'47.66", W 47°19'57.85"), 10 April 2019, K. Pulrolnik, colls. BRDF0352, 1 adult, in agroforestry, Instituto Federal de Brasília, Planaltina-DF (S 15°39'36.9" W47°41'22.6"), 17 October 2019, C. C. Niva, W. de M. Araújo, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, I. R. de Sousa, M. R. Coelho, D. de M. Rodrigues, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 295, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Urobenus brasiliensis (Benham) BRPR0952, 4 adults, surface soil under riparian forest in Cambé — PR (23°09’59.22”S; 51°14’16.67”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas,A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRRS0293, 4 individuals, surface soil under riparian forest in Sarandi —RS (27°55’25.71”S, 52°47’35.01”W) May 2019. M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas, J. Tomporowski, W.C. Demetrio colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

Kerriona davidsonae James, Bartz & Brown, sp. nov. (Fig. 4 a-c) Holotype. BRSP0139, late aclitellate juvenile, Intervales State Park, Itapeúna, Eldorado county, S„o Paulo state, Brazil, S24.305°, W48.3651°, 818 m asl., in bromeliad leaf axils; 7 February 2009, S.W. James, S.K. Davidson, M.L.C. Bartz, and G.G. Brown, colls. Paratype. BRSP0919, late aclitellate juvenile, same data as holotype. Etymology. The species is named after our colleague and collaborator Seana Davidson, a pioneer in researching the bacterial symbionts living in earthworm nephridia. Description. Dimensions 60-69 mm by 2.5-3.0 mm at segment x, 3.3 mm at xxx, 151 segments; body cylindrical throughout, posterior gradually tapered to tail, posterior-most segments shorter. Setae paired throughout, CD sub-lateral; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 2.4:1:3:1.2 at xxx, DD> ½ circumference. Prostomium epilobous open; segments without secondary annulations. Unpigmented, no dorsal pores, spermathecal pores in 7/8, 8/9 at B. Ovipores not seen; male pores in xviii just lateral to B; prostatic pores adjacent to elevated penial bodies at ends of grooves in B in xvii-xix; each penial body consists of a short column capped with an ovate flat surface broader than a column, and a small rounded triangular notch cut out of the posterior margin of each cap (Fig. 4 a,b). Setae AB present unmodified in xvii-xix. Clitellum not developed, no other genital markings. Anterior septa thin but not membranous. Alimentary canal with strong pharyngeal muscles in iv-vii (Fig. 4c); lacking gizzard; esophagous valvular in xi, intestinal origin in xii; no typhlosole; intestine with lateral pouches in xiii-xx. Calciferous glands elongate an ovate, very large, paired in ix, densely packed with longitudinal partitions; each gland with blood vessel from anterior end to extra-esophageal vessel, blood vessel from posterior face of gland to esophageal wall and supra-esophageal vessel. Holonephric, tubular nephridia without bladders; beginning in vii or viii (Fig. 4c). Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk iv-ix, double dorsal vessel x and posteriorly (Fig. 4c), lateral vessels in vii, viii, lateral hearts in ix-xi. Ovaries, funnels in xiii; paired spermathecae in viii, ix, immature and very small (Fig. 4c). Male sexual system proandric, testes and funnels in x enclosed in sac made by fusion of septa 9/10/11, vas deferens superficial on body wall from 10/11 to enlarged muscular end at body wall in xviii; seminal vesicles in ix small laterally placed on body wall, large and post-septal in xi; slender tubular prostates folded under intestine within xvii-xxii; prostatic ducts slender, enter 0.7 mm diameter muscular domes. No penial setae. Remarks. The proandric testes enclosed in sacs is a feature of all the unpigmented Kerriona species we report on here, plus K. limae. This character excludes K. garbei, K. luederwaldti, and K. bocainensis sp. nov. in which the testes are free, dorsal vessels single, and prostatic pores unaccompanied by turrets. Kerriona garbei differs from all other Kerriona known previously or described here by having a single pair of spermathecae, and by its much larger body size. The closest relationship of K. davidsonae sp. nov. is with those species bearing the doubled dorsal vessel and small turrets at the prostatic pores, of which we describe several in the following pages. Although the specimens of K. davidsonae sp. nov. are juveniles, sperm has matured and gathered on the funnels so maturity is close at hand. They differ from K. riodaonsa sp. nov. by having more posterior start of doubling of the dorsal vessel, more widely paired setae, thicker anterior septa, a pouched intestine in xii-xix, AB setae present in all male field segments, and a muscular termination of the vas deferens. Another possible distinction is that the muscular surroundings of the prostatic duct terminations are clearly coelomic in this species and more intraparietal in K. riodaonsa sp. nov., despite the latter being more fully mature. Kerriona davidsonae sp. nov. has many more lamellae in the calciferous glands and a more extensively doubled dorsal vessel than K. apadaserraensis sp. nov., K. vilavelhaensis sp. nov., and K. clivedwardsi sp. nov. It differs from K. limae by having more widely paired setae, calciferous glands more densely packed with lamellae, and muscular copulatory pouches around the prostatic pores. DNA barcodes: HQ562639, HQ562640, HQ562641. These are separated from all other Kerriona DNA barcodes as a species-level taxon by ASAP (Puillandre et al. 2020) and the 14% criterion., Published as part of James, Samuel W., Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, New Ocnerodrilidae genera, species and records from Brazil (Annelida: Crassiclitellata), pp. 235-269 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 241-242, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.22, http://zenodo.org/record/7744817, {"references":["Puillandre, N., Brouillet, S. & Achaz, G. (2020) ASAP: assemble species by automatic partitioning. Molecular Ecology Resources, 21 (2), 609 - 620. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.13281"]}

Lumbricidae juveniles (unidentified) BRRS0378 (10 individuals) in 0 to 30 soil depth in agropastoral system in Vale Verde —RS (-29.757672 -52.144965, 72 m. a.s.l.), 18/07/2019, J.C. Niemeyer, J.G. Niemeyer, J.E. Niemeyer, A. Wegner, O. Rosa colls.

Family Ocnerodrilidae BRSP0768, 7 adults in IP; February 23, 2018; M.L.C. Bartz, collector.

Ocnerodrilus imperialis James, Bartz & Brown, sp. nov. (Fig. 16 a-d) Holotype. BRRJDNA0059, one adult, Tinguá Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, S22.57007 ˚ W43.46864 ˚, 795 m asl., in wet stream bank sediment; 02 April 2014, G.G. Brown, S.W. James, A.C. Buch, L.F. Lourençato, and M.L.C. Bartz, colls. Paratype. BRRJ0012, 1 adult, 6 juveniles, same data as holotype. Etymology. The species is named for the Estrada Imperial, the old road from the former Brazilian imperial capital in Rio de Janeiro city to the summer location of the imperial court in Teresopolis Petrópolis. Description. Dimensions 38-56 mm by 1.3-1.4 mm at segment x, 1.2-1.3 mm at clitellum, 1.4-1.5 mm at xxx, body cylindrical, segments 84-97. Setae closely paired throughout, CD below lateral; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 4:1:4:1 at x, 3.3:1:4:1 at xxx, DD> ½ circumference. Prostomium epilobous open; segments lacking secondary annulations, unpigmented, no dorsal pores, spermathecal pores wide slits with tumid lips in 8/9, centered on B. Ovipores transverse slits in xiv in B just behind 13/14; male and prostatic pores with common secondary opening in transverse slit openings within thickened porophores on xvii. Primary male and prostatic pores in xvii on floor of shallow invagination. Setae AB absent in xvii. Clitellum in ½xiii, xiv-xviii, saddle shaped reaching down to A setal line; genital markings absent (Fig. 16a, b). Septa 5/6-9/10 muscular, 11/12/13 less so. Alimentary canal without gizzard; esophageal glands in v-viii, esophagus with long valve in xii-xiii, intestinal origin in xiv, no typhlosole. Calciferous glands oblong, paired in ix, dorso-laterally connected to esophagus, with solid walls surrounding irregular central lumen (Fig. 16c); each gland with blood vessel from anterior end to extra-esophageal vessel, and blood vessel from posterior end of gland to supra-esophageal vessel. Holonephric, first nephridia in segment v, tubular throughout within BC-D level of segments. Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in v-ix, latero-esophageal hearts in x-xi. Ovaries and funnels free in xiii; paired spermathecae in ix, consisting of short narrow muscular duct, sharply demarcated ovate ampulla (Fig. 16c). Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels enclosed in very delicate membranous sacs in x, xi, vas deferens superficial on body wall from 10/11 to xvii where it enters body wall at anterior edge of prostatic duct; seminal vesicles in xii extending into xiii, seminal vesicles with stalked attachment to posterior face of 11/12. Tubular prostates folded under intestine within xii-xix; prostatic ducts slightly muscular, about one segment long; glandular portions three times the diameter of the ducts (Fig. 16d), no copulatory bursae, or other thickened ends of prostatic ducts or vasa deferentia. Transverse muscle bands in xvii-xix. Remarks. Ocnerodrilus imperialis sp. nov., unlike the most common species O. occidentalis Eisen, 1878 is fully hermaphroditic with male funnel iridescence and large volumes of sperm enclosed in segments x and xi. Gates (1973) characterized the entire genus as having an intestinal origin in xii, but Righi (1994) does not include that character in his diagnosis of Ocnerodrilus. The present species has a distinct, long esophageal valve in xii and xiii, with the intestinal origin in xiv. Therefore, one can dismiss all species known to Gates as being senior names of O. imperialis sp. nov. That leaves 5 species, all described by Righi and a collaborator, from South American and Costa Rican specimens: O. alox Righi & Merino, 1987, O. andinus Righi, 1981, O. ibemi Righi, 1968, O. ipu Righi, 1975, and O. potyuara Righi, 1994. The new species is distinct from O. alox, another apparently amphimictic species, which has an intestinal origin in xii, spermathecal pores in 7/8 and seminal vesicles in ix and xii. Ocnerodrilus andinus is very small (10 mm vs. 41-56), the intestinal origin is in ½xii, and the calciferous gland walls are very simple, without blood sinuses and longitudinal structure. The male field of O. ibemi consists of a roughly hexagonal elevated glandular area around the male/prostatic pores, which is not present in O. imperialis sp. nov .. The two also differ in the intestinal origin. In Righi’s (1994) key, O. ibemi is said to have internal longitudinal folds or trabeculae in the calciferous glands; this character is not described in Righi (1968). Such folding is minimal if present, in O. imperialis sp. nov.. A darkly pigmented species O. ipu has two pairs of spermathecae and seminal vesicles in ix and xii, among other differences from O. imperialis sp. nov.. Compared to O. potyuara, the new species lacks seminal vesicles in ix, the seminal vesicles are stalked, not sessile on septum 11/12; it has a more posterior intestinal origin, the male and prostatic porophores have pronounced slits rather than being rounded papillae, and the prostates are folded under the gut anterior to the prostatic segments. A nomenclatural note: the name is spelled “potyura” in the abstract (p. 89) but “potyuara” elsewhere, including a species list for the genus (p. 93), several points about morphological diversity within Ocnerodrilus (p. 94), a key to the species of Ocnerodrilus (p. 96), the species description itself (p. 96), figure legend (p. 97), and remarks on the species and comparisons to others (p. 98) (Righi, 1994). The DNA barcode for the holotype is in the Supplemental Information: BRRJDNA0059.

Megascolecidae (juveniles) BRPR0979, 5 individuals, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’18.51”S; 51°27’2.55”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0980, 3 individuals, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’24.87”S; 51°27’6.23”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0981, 5 individuals, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’31.20”S; 51°27’09.82”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0982, 2 individuals, surface soil under no-tillage in Toledo — PR (24°48’50.56”S; 53°33’11.90”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas,A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRRS0061, 8 individuals, surface soil under no-tillage in Coxilha —RS (28°11’40.10”S; 52°20’26.53”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRRS0062, 1 individual, surface soil under riparian forest in Coxilha —RS (28°11’43.75”S; 52°20’30.36”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRSP0231, 9 juveniles, surface soil under riparian forest in Itaí —SP (23°33’50.75”S; 49°04’56.88”W), December 2017. M.L.C. Bartz, H.S. Nadolny, J. Barreto, A. Santos, G.G. Brown colls. BRSP0237, 25 juveniles, surface soil under riparian forest in Itaí —SP (23°35’16.22”S; 48°56’27.81”W), December 2017. M.L.C. Bartz, H.S. Nadolny, J. Barreto, A. Santos, G.G. Brown colls.

Ocnerodrilidae juveniles (unidentified) BRRS0299 (3 individuals), BRRS0300 (6 individuals), BRRS0301 (3 individuals) in 0 to 30 soil depth in natural grassland (NG1) system in Vale Verde – RS (-29.757672 -52.144965, 72 m. a.s.l.), 13/07/2018, F.B. de Santo, J.C. Niemeyer, J.G. Niemeyer, J.E. Niemeyer, A. Wegner colls. BRRS0306 (3 individuals), BRRS0307 (2 individuals) same location, 18/12/2018, F.B. de Santo, J.C. Niemeyer, J.G. Niemeyer, J.E. Niemeyer,A. Wegner colls. BRRS0397 (2 individuals) in 0 to 30 soil depth in natural grassland (NG2) system in Vale Verde – RS (-29.755827 -52.147108, 72 m. a.s.l.), 18/07/2019, J.C. Niemeyer, J.G. Niemeyer, J.E. Niemeyer, A. Wegner, O. Rosa colls., Published as part of De Santo, Fernanda B., Niemeyer, Júlia C. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2023, Earthworms in the conversion of natural grasslands to agropastoral systems-a preliminary study in Vale Verde, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp. 389-398 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.31, http://zenodo.org/record/7745055

Rhinodrilus sp. nov. BRBA0009 (BRBADNA0330), 1 adult minhocuçu in aestivation (Figure 1A); at 60 cm depth in native forest at the Estaç „o Ecológica Pau Brasil, Porto Seguro, BA (S16.38596 W39.17433); 113 m a.s.l., 13-11-2014, M.L.C. Bartz and G.G. Brown, colls. BRBA0012, 1 adult minhocuçu; found dead on the side of the road after being run over by a motorcycle (Figure 1B); the specimen had likely wandered onto the road in the early morning after a rain-shower, from the native forest on the roadside at the RPPN Estaç„o Veracel, Porto Seguro, BA (S16.387653 W39.170093); 90 m a.s.l., 14-11-2014, G.G. Brown, coll. BRBA0013 (BRBADNA0345), 1 juvenile; topsoil (0– 20cm) of native forest at the RPPN Estaç „o Veracel, Porto Seguro, BA (S16.38724 W39.16957); 90 m a.s.l., 14-11- 2014, M.L.C. Bartz and G.G. Brown, colls.

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) bolaui (Michaelsen) BRDF0009 (1 adult), BRDF0015 (1 adult), BRDF0015 (1 adult), BRDF0033 (1 adult), BRDF0038 (1 adult), BRDF0053 (1 adult), BRDF0065 (1 adult), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in silvopastoral system, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'38.42", W47°42'15.77"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0101, 1 adult, in Eucalyptus sp. plantation, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°35'8.00", W47°43'29.90"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0130, 1 adult in pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv. Piat„, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'36.97", W47°42'11.54"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0231, 1 individual, in agropastoral system (in crop phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44’45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0307, 1 individual, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous annual crop under no-tillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’55.28”, W47º44’41.14”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 292, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Dichogaster spp. (juveniles) BRRS0391 (4 individuals), BRRS0392 (2 individuals) in 0 to 30 soil depth in natural grassland (NG2) system in Vale Verde – RS in Vale Verde – RS (-29.755827 -52.147108, 72 m. a.s.l.), 18/07/2019, J.C. Niemeyer, J.G. Niemeyer, J.E. Niemeyer, A. Wegner, O. Rosa colls., Published as part of De Santo, Fernanda B., Niemeyer, Júlia C. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2023, Earthworms in the conversion of natural grasslands to agropastoral systems-a preliminary study in Vale Verde, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp. 389-398 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.31, http://zenodo.org/record/7745055

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) saliens (Beddard) BRSP0820, 3 adults in AC; February 26, 2018; M.L.C. Bartz, collector. BRSP0823, 1 adult in AC; February 26, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors., Published as part of Bruz, Lilianne Dos Santos Maia, Santos, Alessandra, Demetrio, Wilian C., Primo, Daniele De Freitas, Feliciano, Luana Priscila, Fernandes, Carlos Henrique, Bartz, Marie L. C., Bernardi, Alberto Carlos De Campo, Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo & Brown, George Gardner, 2023, Earthworms in various agricultural and forest ecosystems in São Carlos-SP Brazil, pp. 324-335 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 329, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.26, http://zenodo.org/record/7744974

Eisenia andrei Bouché BRDF0318, 45 individuals, purchased from bait shop, Brasília-DF (S15°52'7.72", W47°56'51.26"), 14 February 2019, C. Ussuki, C. C. Niva, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 295, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) affinis (Michaelsen) BRDF0006 (5 adults), BRDF0011 (6 adults), BRDF0018 (5 adults), BRDF0021 (3 adults), BRDF0024 (2 adults), BRDF0029 (4 adults), BRDF0031 (4 adults), BRDF0036 (10 adults), BRDF0040 (6 adults), BRDF0042 (11 adults), BRDF0045 (12 adults), BRDF0049 (12 adults), BRDF0051 (14 adults), BRDF0055 (7 adults), BRDF0058 (7 adults), BRDF0061 (1 adult), BRDF0064 (12 adults), BRDF0067 (7 adults), BRDF0070 (4 adults), BRDF0073 (6 adults), BRDF0075 (7 adults), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in silvopastoral system, Embrapa Cerrados, PlanaltinaDF (S15°36'38.42", W47°42'15.77"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0087 (2 adults), BRDF0090 (1 adult), BRDF0099 (1 adult), surface soil horizon (0–10 cm) in Eucalyptus sp. plantation, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°35'5.63", W47°43'31.47"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0104 (15 adults), BRDF0109 (6 adults), BRDF0112 (3 adults), BRDF0117 (13 adults), BRDF0121 (8 adults), BRDF0124 (14 adults), BRDF0132 (18 adults), BRDF0134 (13 adults), BRDF0136 (19 adults), BRDF0139 (5 adults), BRDF0177 (2 individuals), BRDF0179, (2 individuals), BRDF0181, (7 individuals), BRDF0184, (2 individuals), BRDF0188 (3 individuals), in pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv Piat„, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44’45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0153 (19 individuals), BRDF0155, (5 adult), in pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv Piat„, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44’45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0191 (1 individual), BRDF0192 (3 individuals), BRDF0195 (1 individual), BRDF0196 (1 individual), BRDF0201 (4 individuals), BRDF0203 (9 individuals), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv Piat„ with the legume Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea). Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°38'58.86", W47°44'41.41"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0229 (1 individual), BRDF0234 (18 individuals), BRDF0238 (5 individuals), BRDF0240 (1 individual), BRDF0242 (1 individual), in agropastoral system (in crop phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’53.10”, W47º44’41.59”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0247 (3 individuals), BRDF0248 (4 individuals), BRDF0251 (4 individuals), BRDF0255 (13 individuals), BRDF0258 (9 individuals), BRDF0260 (1 adult), in agropastoral systems (in crop phase) under no-tillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’53.46”, W47º44’40.72”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0261 (10 individuals), BRDF0268 (1 individual), BRDF0269 (2 individuals), BRDF0271 (4 individuals), BRDF0273 (2 individuals), in agropastoral system (in pasture phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’53.10”, W47º44’41.59”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0275 (1 individual), BRDF0280 (3 adults), in agropastoral system (in pasture phase) under no-tillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44 ”45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0286, (1 individual), BRDF0287, 1 adult, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous conventional annual crop with minimum tillage and no cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’55.28”, W47º44’41.14”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0291, (2 individuals), BRDF0293 (2 individuals), BRDF0296 (3 individuals), BRDF0302 (1 adult), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous annual crop under no-tillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’58.33”, W47º44’40.65”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 291, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Kerriona vilavelhaensis James, Bartz & Brown, sp. nov. (Fig. 7 a-c) Holotype. BRPR0558, adult, Vila Velha State Park, Ponta Grossa, Paraná state, Brazil, S25.2519°, W50.0158°, 801 m asl., in marshy soil in a wetland; 31 January 2006, S.W. James, S.K. Davidson, G.G. Brown, N. Pinel, T. Decaëns, colls. Paratype. BRPR1853, one adult, same data as holotype. Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, the state park of Vila Velha. Description. Dimensions 37-45 mm by 1.5-1.6 mm at segment x, 1.6-1.8 mm at clitellum, 1.6-1.8 mm at xxx, body cylindrical, tapering in posterior third to narrow conical pygidium; final 20 or more segments much shorter; segments 127, 92 (80 plus 12 regenerates). Setae closely paired throughout, CD sub-lateral; setal formula AA:AB: BC:CD = 5:1:4.5:1.3 at x, 4.5:1:4:1.3 at xxx, DD> ½ circumference. Prostomium epilobous open; segments lacking secondary annulations. Unpigmented, no dorsal pores, spermathecal pores within 7/8, 8/9 at B. Ovipores in xiv just behind 13/14 lateral to B line; male pores in xviii within seminal grooves in line with B; secondary prostatic pores deep transverse slits at ends of seminal grooves in xvii, xix; grooves in B ½ xvii-½ xix. Small turrets within the prostatic pore invaginations. Setae AB present, unmodified in xviii, absent in xvii, xix. Clitellum xiv-½xx, saddle shape, slight mid-ventral elevations in xvi, xx (Fig. 7a). Anterior septa 5/6-9/10 lightly muscular. Alimentary canal lacking gizzard but esophagus faintly muscular in vii, but not enlarged compared to adjacent segments; esophagus valvular in xi, intestinal origin in xii; no typhlosole. Calciferous glands ovate, small and paired in ix (Fig. 7b), attached ventro-laterally to esophagus, with at least one longitudinal partition, and 7-8 thick lower ridges filling space of gland, but separate; each gland with blood vessel from anterior end to extra-esophageal vessel, and blood vessel from posterior face of gland to supra-esophageal vessel. Holonephric, first nephridia in segment vi, tubular throughout with apparently dorsal bladder, or thin peritoneal mantle attached to uppermost tubule bordering the possible bladder. Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk in iv-ix, dorsal vessel double in vii-xvi or xi-xviii, perforations in dorsal vessel from xvii or xix-xxii or scattered to xxx; lateral vessels in iv-ix, esophageal hearts in x-xi. Fan-shaped ovaries, with funnels in xiii; paired spermathecae in viii, ix, consisting of cylindrical muscular duct containing sperm chambers; ovate ampulla well-demarcated from duct (Fig. 7b). Male sexual system proandric, testes and funnels in x free, vas deferens superficial on body wall from 10/11, terminates in small bulb in xviii; seminal vesicles in ix large acinous laterally, placed on body wall, small and post-septal in xi. Large tubular prostates folded under intestine within xv, xvii-xxiv, xxvii; prostatic ducts slender, muscular, 2 or 3 segments long, enter muscular copulatory bursal domes in xvii, xix (Fig. 7c). Intra-coelomic bursae contain two wedge-shaped turrets, the posterior of which connected to a short low wall curving anteriorly. No penial setae. Remarks: In this species the copulatory bursae are clearly not only intra-parietal but are prominent in the body cavity, unlike the other Kerriona. The seminal vesicles of ix are larger than those of xi, the reverse of the common situation and that of all other known Kerriona, except for K. clivedwardsi sp. nov., which lacks seminal vesicles in ix. Calciferous gland lamellae are thicker and fewer in number than those of other Kerriona, and the extent of doubled or perforated dorsal vessel is within the range of vii to xxx. There are no DNA barcode data for this species due to repeated failures of PCR and sequencing., Published as part of James, Samuel W., Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, New Ocnerodrilidae genera, species and records from Brazil (Annelida: Crassiclitellata), pp. 235-269 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.22, http://zenodo.org/record/7744817

Belladrilus (Belladrilus) browni James & Bartz sp. nov. (Fig. 12 a-c) Holotype. BRRS0054, one adult, Aparados da Serra National Park, Cambará do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, S29.17234°, W50.11646°, 932 m asl., in wetland adjacent to forest; 27 January 2012, S.K. Davidson, G.G. Brown, H. Yong, and S.W. James, colls. Paratypes. BRRSDNA0245-0247, three adults, same data as holotype, one in each vial. Etymology. The species is named for George G. Brown, a co-discoverer of the worm and a leader of earthworm research in Brazil. Description. Dimensions 45-50 mm by 1.0 mm at segment x, 0.8 mm at clitellum, 0.9 mm at xxx, body cylindrical, segments 120-139. Setae closely paired throughout, CD above lateral; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 4:1:5:1 at x, 5:1:5:1 at xxx, DD Remarks. Belladrilus (B.) browni sp. nov. has the largest and most elevated male pore zone of any known species in the subgenus. Like B. (B.) riparius sp. nov., it has more posterior first nephridia than the older species. On the other hand it shares the character state of seminal vesicles only in xi and spermathecae in ix with the following species: B. (B.) jimi, B. (B.) pocaju, B. (B.) arua, and B. (B.) vaucheri. With spermathecal pores in line C and differentiated spermathecal ducts vs. ampulla, it most closely resembles B. (B.) arua, which is smaller (19 vs. 45 mm, has fewer segments (84 vs. 128), male field pads L-shaped vs oval, intestinal origin in xiii vs xii, and folded prostates occupying xvii-xxiv vs. xvii-xviii. We were unable to obtain DNA barcode data for this species., Published as part of James, Samuel W., Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, New Ocnerodrilidae genera, species and records from Brazil (Annelida: Crassiclitellata), pp. 235-269 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 254-256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.22, http://zenodo.org/record/7744817

Andiorrhinus sp.1 BRDF0365, 1 individual, in gallery forest, Fazenda Água Limpa/ UnB, Brasília-DF (S15°57'15.50" W47°57'42.38"), 16 January 2020, C. C. Niva, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, K. M. M. de Deus, C. Y. H. Ussuki, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Rhinodrilus sp.1 BRDF0414, (1 fragmented adult), BRDF0416 (1 individual), BRDF0417, (1 individual), in open humid savannah, Botanical Garden, Brasília-DF (S15°52'52.51", W47°51'28.27"), 13 December 2018, M. L. C. Bartz, C. C. Niva, G. G. Brown, R. L. March „o, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Aporrectodea trapezoides (Dugés) BRRS0246 (5 individuals), BRRS0349 (3 individuals), BRRS0350 (16 individuals), BRRS0250 (10 individuals), BRRS0252 (3 individuals), BRRS0253 (9 individuals), BRRS0353 (7 individuals), BRRS0255 (1 individual), in soil 0-20 cm depth in agropastoral farming system, Aceguá /RS (ICL3, -31.6455556 -54.15500000, 170 masl); 14 January 2021; M.L.C. Bartz, S.M.G. Gillanders, A.A. Cuesta Hermira, A. de Miranda, D.M. Marques, L. Hammes Dadalt, colls. BRRS0275 (19 individuals) in soil 0-20 cm depth in a garden lawn of the main house of the Estância e Cabanha Cinco Salsos, Aceguá /RS (-31.643100, -54.193178, 176 masl); 14 January 2021; M.Bartz, coll., Published as part of Gillanders, Stephen M. G., Podgaiski, Luciana R., Overbeck, Gerhard E., Santos, Alessandra, Winck, Bruna, Brown, George G. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2023, Earthworms in natural grasslands and agropastoral systems in the Brazilian Pampa, pp. 377-388 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 381, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.30, http://zenodo.org/record/7745051

Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus) saliens (Beddard) BRDF0007 (1 adult), BRDF0013 (5 individuals), BRDF0016 (2 adults), BRDF0020 (3 adults), BRDF0025 (1 adult), BRDF0027 (5 adults), BRDF0032 (5 adults), surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in silvopastoral system, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'38.63", W47°42'16.30"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0088, 1 adult, 1 subadult, surface soil horizon (0–10 cm) in Eucalyptus sp. plantion, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°35'5.63", W47°43'31.47"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0106 (4 adults), BRDF0110 (1 adult), BRDF0113 (3 adults), BRDF0118 (4 adults), BRDF0123 (1 subadult), in pasture with Urochloa brizantha cv Piat„, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'36.97", W47°42'11.54"), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0233 (6 individuals), BRDF0237 (1 individual), in agropastoral system (in crop phase) without cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’53.10”, W47º44’41.59”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0254, 1 individual, in agropastoral systema (in crop phase) under notillage, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’54.25”, W47º44 ”45.55”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L. Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls. BRDF0288, 1 individual, surface soil horizon (0–20 cm) in continuous conventional annual crop with minimum tillage and no cover crop in winter, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15º38’55.28”, W47º44’41.14”), February 2019, C. Niva, M. Bartz, G. Brown, A. Santos, L Maia, G. Dur„es, T. Ferreira, N. Satiro, colls., Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 293, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899

Pauqueba bonita James, Bartz & Brown, sp. nov. (Fig. 13 a-d) Holotype. BRBADNA0326, one adult, Serra Bonita Private Reserve (RPPN Serra Bonita), Camac „, Bahia state, Brazil, S15.38485° W39.57453°, 908 m asl., in bromeliad leaf axils of primary forest; 11 November 2014, M.L.C. Bartz, H. Nadolny, E. da Silva and G.G. Brown, colls. Paratypes. BRBADNA0327, 3 late juveniles, same data as holotype. Other material. BRBADNA0328A-C, 3 late juveniles, same data as holotype, one individual in each vial. Etymology. The species is named for Serra Bonita, the type locality, and because in life, this species is a brilliantly colored deep blue-violet. Description. Dimensions 61-67 mm by 3.3-3.4 mm at segment x, 3.3 mm at clitellum, 3.1 mm at xxx, body slightly ovate flattened, segments 151-170. Setae widely paired or unpaired; first setae in iii, setal formula AA:AB: BC:CD:DD = 2.5:1:3.5:3.3:6 at x, 2.7:1:3.5:2.7:6 at xxx. Prostomium broad epilobous open, but furrow 1/2 missing so could be tanylobous from length of prostomial grooves; segments lacking secondary annulations. Deep dorsal chestnut brown pigment in alcohol preservation, bright blue-purple in life; ventral face of head segments brown, AA zone of ventrum otherwise unpigmented. No dorsal pores, spermathecal pores 8/ 9 in A, wide slits. Ovipores in xiv in B midway between equator and 13/14; combined secondary male and prostatic pores equatorial in xix; primary male and prostatic pores within copulatory pouch; male pores at anterior ends of very short seminal grooves within the pouch; prostatic pores on small papillae visible through secondary pore openings. Setae AB present in xvii, xviii, lacking in xix. Clitellum on xiv-xix, saddle to A; genital markings indistinct, paired in AB of xviii (Fig. 13a, b). Septa 6/7-12/13 slightly muscular, septa and entire peritoneum in anterior segments with red pigment. Alimentary canal with long esophagus in vi, shorter and more iridescent esophagus in vii, neither comprising a gizzard; esophagus valvular in xii, intestinal origin in xiii, laterally pouched in xiii-xvi or xvii; no typhlosole. Calciferous glands reniform, paired in ix and x (Fig. 13c), with a honeycomb internal structure leading into wide tubes; glands of ix with blood vessel from anterior end to extra-esophageal vessel, and blood vessel from posterior end of gland to supra-esophageal vessel; glands of x with blood vessels through duct of gland. Gland attachment dorso-lateral face of esophagus. Holonephric, first nephridia in segment vi, in intestinal segments small, confined to BC, tubular throughout. Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in v-ix, esophageal hearts in x-xi. Supraesophageal vessel in ix-xi. Fan-shaped ovaries, with funnels in xiii; paired large spermathecae in ix, consisting of duct with ectal half muscular, internally fluted, bearing sperm masses, duct externally marked off from ampulla, internally the fluting stops abruptly.Ampulla a flat ovate sac tightly bound to lateral body wall by short muscle or connective tissue fibers (Fig. 13c). Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels free in x, xi; vas deferens very small, superficial on body wall from 10/11 to xviii where it enters body wall anterior of copulatory pouch in xix; seminal vesicles acinous in xi, xii. Slender tubular prostates coiled twice; once in a tight spiral and secondly the primary coil is wrapped around a band of mesentery with blood vessels, thus very long glands are densely packed under intestine within xv-xx (Fig. 13d). Prostatic ducts muscular, widening ectally to union with low muscular thickening marking the intraparietal copulatory pouch in xix. Transverse muscle fibers in xviii-xx crossing male field area. Remarks. Compared to Paqueba uiraussu sp. nov. it has a saddle-shaped clitellum (vs. annular), combined secondary male and prostatic pores (vs. separate within short, T-shaped seminal grooves and only the prostatic pores secondary), genital markings in xviii (vs. none), first nephridia in vi (vs. iv), intraparietal copulatory pouch with male and prostatic pores (vs. coelomic with only prostatic pores). DNA barcodes are in the Supplemental Information as: BRBADNA0326 (holotype), BRBADNA0327(paratype), BRBADNA0328A, BRBADNA0328B, BRBADNA0328C. Both ASAP and the K2P 14% MOTU separation criteria place this as a species-level lineage., Published as part of James, Samuel W., Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, New Ocnerodrilidae genera, species and records from Brazil (Annelida: Crassiclitellata), pp. 235-269 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 256-258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.22, http://zenodo.org/record/7744817

Diplomoela browni James & Bartz sp. nov. (Fig. 17 a-f) Holotype. BRBA0010, one adult, Pau Brazil Ecological Station (ESPAB-CEPLAC), Porto Seguro, Bahia state, Brazil. S16.38596 W39.17433, 113 m asl., in surface soil and litter of primary forest; 14 November 2014, M.L.C. Bartz, H. Nadolny, E. da Silva and G.G. Brown, colls. Paratype. none Etymology. The species is named for George G. Brown in honor of his seminal role in increasing the study of earthworms in Brazil. Description. Dimensions> 510 mm by 9 mm at segment x, 10 mm at clitellum, 10 mm at xxx, body cylindrical, segments>1020. A photo of the complete specimen upon collection can be seen in Silva et al. (2023). Setae closely paired anteriorly; AB setae commence in ix, CD in xi, setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 7:1:3.5:0.4 at xii, AA:AB:BC: CD = 5.5:1:3:1 at xxx; AA:AB:BC:CD = 3.5:1:2:1.5 at cxx; DD> ½ circumference. Prostomium broad epilobous open; segments lacking secondary annulations. Segments vi-x about 4.5 mm long, at xxx segments 1.7 mm long, and mid body 0.9 mm long. Unpigmented, incipient dorsal pores not open in 14/15, also incipient in 20/21 and posteriorly, spermathecal pores intrasegmental on low white papillae about AB distance above B in viii, ix in AB, 0.5 mm behind 7/8/9 (Fig. 17d). Ovipores in xiv in AB almost between those setae; male field acanthodriline, and between seminal grooves deeply depressed (Fig. 17e); prostatic pores in AB line, equatorial in xvii, xix prominent openings within broadly conical papillae; no copulatory chambers as the prostatic ducts are very small tubules within the muscular mass of the papillae; male pores in xviii in seminal grooves (Fig. 17e). Setae AB in xvii - xix absent. Clitellum on xv-xx; no genital markings (Fig. 17e). Septa 3/4/5 muscular but transparent, 5/6-8/9 very thickly muscular, decreasing thereafter (Fig. 17a). Septa 8/9/10 posteriorly displaced with segment ix occupying 18 mm length internally, septa 10/11/12 attached to posterior face of 9/10 rather than to body wall; septa 12/13/14/15 very closely spaced, such that 14/15 placed at location of intersegmental furrow 14/15. Alimentary canal with large pharynx (Fig. 17a) and thick well-developed gizzards in viii, ix (Fig. 17a, b); esophagus valvular in xiii, intestinal origin in xiv; no typhlosole. Calciferous glands ovate, paired in ix, no central lumen, parallel small tubules converging near duct; glands with blood vessel from anterior end to extra-esophageal vessel, two large blood vessels from posterior end of gland, one to supra-esophageal vessel the other not traced. Gland attachment dorso-lateral face of esophagus, after the end of the gizzard in ix. Meronephric, first nephridia in segment vi, all apparently astomate. Nephridia of segments vi-viii on anterior faces of septa and within AB on body wall, from ix posteriorly scattered on body wall from AB level to mid-dorsal. One or two nephridia per block of longitudinal body wall musculature, numbers per segment from 60 to 74 in the region of segments xxx-lx (Fig. 17f); ventral nephridia larger, more elongate. Small tubules from nephridia converging on body wall, but no apparent common collecting duct; nephropores not seen. Vascular system with ventral trunk, dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in iv-ix, latero-esophageal hearts x-xi. Supraesophageal vessel ix-xii. Dorsal trunk double vi-xii, perforate xiii; single elsewhere. Elongate fan-shaped ovaries, funnels free in xiii; paired large adiverticulate spermathecae in viii, ix, duct muscular ectal bulb at body wall; ampulla tongue-shaped (Fig. 17c). Male sexual system proandric, testes and funnels enclosed by septa 9/10/ 11 in x; vas deferens not seen; seminal vesicles acinous in xi, enclosed by fused septa 10/11/12 (Fig. 17a). Tubular prostates coiled under intestine within xv-xxx. Prostatic ducts long, muscular, without terminal muscular bulbs or copulatory pouches. Numerous large transverse muscle bands within xv-xx. Small diffuse glandular bodies in xi near 11/12 junction with body wall; glands with small pores in AB between equator of xi and furrow 11/12. Remarks. This remarkable species is among the largest neotropical Ocnerodrilidae and its genus is the only one in the family with meronephridia. We were unable to obtain a DNA barcode for D. browni sp. nov. There is a second species as briefly described below.

Glossoscolecidae juveniles BRSP0747, 4 juveniles in SP; February 22, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors., Published as part of Bruz, Lilianne Dos Santos Maia, Santos, Alessandra, Demetrio, Wilian C., Primo, Daniele De Freitas, Feliciano, Luana Priscila, Fernandes, Carlos Henrique, Bartz, Marie L. C., Bernardi, Alberto Carlos De Campo, Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo & Brown, George Gardner, 2023, Earthworms in various agricultural and forest ecosystems in São Carlos-SP Brazil, pp. 324-335 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.26, http://zenodo.org/record/7744974

Amynthas gracilis (Kinberg) BRPR0977, 1 adult, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’18.51”S; 51°27’02.55”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0978, 1 adult, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’31.20”S; 51°27’9.82”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRRS0059, 9 adults, surface soil under no-tillage in Coxilha — RS (28°11’40.10”S; 52°20’26.53”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRSP0236, 2 individuals, surface soil under riparian forest in Itaí —SP (23°35’16.22”S; 48°56’27.81”W), December 2017. M.L.C. Bartz, H.S. Nadolny, J. Barreto, A. Santos, G.G. Brown colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

Haplodrilus sp.2 BRRS0281, 2 individuals, surface soil under no-tillage in Sarandi —RS (27°55’27.37”S, 52°47’28.62”W), May 2019. M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas, J. Tomporowski, W.C. Demetrio colls. BRRS0284, 2 individuals, surface soil under no-tillage in Sarandi —RS (27°55’27.37”S, 52°47’28.62”W), May 2019. M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas, J. Tomporowski, W.C. Demetrio colls. BRRS0286, 1 individual, surface soil under no-tillage in Sarandi —RS (27°55’27.37”S, 52°47’28.62”W), May 2019. M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas, J. Tomporowski, W.C. Demetrio colls. BRRS0408, 1 individual, surface soil under no-tillage in Sarandi —RS (27°55’27.37”S, 52°47’28.62”W), May 2019. M.L.C. Bartz, R. T. Dudas, J. Tomporowski, W.C. Demetrio colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

Eukerria adecarvalhoi James, Bartz & Brown, sp. nov. (Fig. 1 a-c) Holotype. BRSE0014, one adult, Fazenda Haras Chamusca, Lagarto, Sergipe state, Brazil, S11.033611°, W37.648528°, 137 m asl., degraded area on the banks of a small stream; 25 May 2012, André de Carvalho coll. Paratypes. BRSE0015, two adults, same data as holotype. Other material. BRSE0006, 8 adults, 4 juveniles, same data as holotype. BRSE0010, 4 juveniles and 2 adults, same data as holotype. Etymology. The species is named after the collector of most of the specimens, by contracting his first and family names. Description. Dimensions 35-53 mm by 1.3-1.7 mm at segment x, 1.1-1.6 mm at xxx, 1-1.5 mm at clitellum; body cylindrical throughout, segments 110-140. Setae paired throughout; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 2.5:1:4:1.3 at xxx, DD Remarks. Of the 32 nominal species, some are from far-flung locations, and might be synonyms of the peregrines E. kuekenthali (Michaelsen, 1908) or E. saltensis (Beddard, 1895). In the former group Blakemore (2006) includes E. peguana Gates, 1942 from Myanmar and E. selangorensis (Stephenson, 1931) from Malaysia. Junior synonyms of E. saltensis include at least E. gunningi Michaelsen, 1913, E. nichollsi Jackson, 1931 and E. sydneyensis Jackson, 1931 (Blakemore, 2006). Eukerria. hortensis (Stephenson, 1931), E. limosa (Stephenson, 1931), E. pascuorum (Stephenson, 1931) and E. rubra (Friend, 1916) may also be synonyms of these or other species, e.g., E. eiseniana (Rosa, 1895), but have not been adequately evaluated (Blakemore 2006). Species described after the publication of Righi (1968), which includes a key to all the known species of Eukerria (at that time) are the following: E. cuca Righi, 1984, E. emete Righi & Guerra, 1985, E. guamais Righi, 1971, E. mucu Righi, 1988, E. taisa Righi, 1983, and E. santafesina Lungstr ̂m, 1972. All of these publications were consulted in diagnosing the new species of Eukerria described here. The widely-distributed peregrine E. saltensis is epilobous, has an annular clitellum, is much more slenderbodied, the spermathecal pores are more ventral, the male field grooves are straighter and lack the oval genital markings at the ends of the grooves, as well as lacking the deep pits containing the male pores. Its calciferous gland is usually described as a solid mass with a small central lumen, and only by Gates (1942) as having radial lamellae extending into a large lumen. The same external characters distinguish E. adecarvalhoi sp. nov. from E. kuekenthali. The spermathecal pores of E. eiseniana are above the level of setal row D, its seminal grooves near the level of C, and there is no evidence of sperm production. However it appears to have radial lamellae in the calciferous glands. The present species is diagnosed by the following combination of character states: clitellum saddle shaped ending in xx, calciferous glands with parallel lamellae projecting radially inwards from the gland wall (cf. Righi 1968), spermathecal pores at the C setal row level, lacking genital markings, 2 pairs of prostate glands, prostate glands opening with copulatory bursae (interpreting the deep pits as such), double dorsal vessel in xi, and spermathecal duct shorter than the ampulla. In the new species the calciferous glands’ radial lamellae appear to meet, or almost meet, in the center of the gland, but it is difficult to tell if the sometime appearance of a small lumen is an artifact of making sections by hand, or a real feature of the gland. The specimens from BRSE006 were slightly larger and had less muscularity in the prostatic ducts but more in the pharynx area, compared to those of BRSE0010. External characters are in complete agreement between the two sites. Unfortunately, no DNA barcode data is available for this species., Published as part of James, Samuel W., Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, New Ocnerodrilidae genera, species and records from Brazil (Annelida: Crassiclitellata), pp. 235-269 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 237-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.22, http://zenodo.org/record/7744817, {"references":["Blakemore, R. J. (2006) Cosmopolitan earthworms - an eco-taxonomic guide to the peregrine species of the world. Kippax, Australia: VermEcology.","Gates, G. E. (1942) Notes on various peregrine earthworms. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 89 (3), 63 - 144.","Rosa, D. (1895) Viaggio del dottor Alfredo Borelli nella Republica Argentina e nel Paraguay - Oligocheti terricoli. Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della Universita di Torino, 10 (204), 1 - 3. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8048","Righi, G. (1984) On a collection of Neotropical megadrili Oligochaeta I. Ocnerodrilidae, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, Megascolecidae. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 19 (1), 9 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650528409360641","Righi, G. & Guerra, R. A. T. (1985) Alguns Oligochaeta do norte e noroeste do Brasil. Boletim de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, 9, 145 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2526 - 3358. bolzoo. 1985.122294","Righi, G. (1971) Sobre alguns Oligochaeta Brasileiros. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 25 (1), 1 - 14.","Righi, G. (1983) Tres Ocnerodrilidae (Oligochaeta) da Amazonia brasileira. Acta Amazonica, 13 (5 / 6), 927 - 936. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 439219831356927"]}

Ocnerodrilidae (juveniles) BRPR0957, 32 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’9.22”S; 51°27’01.02”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0958, 103 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’18.51”S; 51°27’2.55”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0959, 16 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’24.87”S; 51°27’6.23”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0960, 65 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’31.20”S; 51°27’9.82”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas,A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0961, 1 juvenile, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’22.04”S; 51°27’27.45”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0962, 82 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’08.32”S; 51°27’37.62”W), December /2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0963, 20 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Toledo — PR (24°48’50.56”S; 53°33’11.90”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRRS0058, 4 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Coxilha —RS (28°11’40.10”S; 52°20’26.53”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas,A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls., Published as part of Bartz, Marie L. C., Barreto, Julia, Santos, Alessandra, Dudas, Rafaela T., Ferreira, Talita, Maia, Lilianne Dos Santos, Demetrio, Wilian C., Smokanit, Manoela, Tavares, Alan A., Schuster, Phillip A., Hernani, Luis C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm richness in no-tillage farming systems and riparian forests in Southern and Southeastern Brazil, pp. 362-376 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.29, http://zenodo.org/record/7745023

Kerriona apadaserraensis James, Bartz & Brown, sp. nov. (Fig. 6 a-d) Holotype. BRRS0020, one adult, Aparados da Serra National Park, Cambará do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, S29.17234°, W50.11646°, 932 m asl, in wetland; 27 January 2012, S.W. James, S.K. Davidson, G.G. Brown and H. Yong, colls. Paratype. BRRS0402, one preclitellate individual, same data as holotype. Etymology. The species name is a contraction of the name of the park where the earthworms were collected: Aparados da Serra. Description. Dimensions 116-118 mm by 3.5-3.6 mm at segment x, 4 mm at clitellum, 3.6-4 mm at xxx, body cylindrical, segments 128-144. Setae closely paired throughout, CD sub-lateral; setal formula AA:AB:BC: CD = 3:1:3.5:1 at x, 3.3:1:4:1 at xxx, DD> ½ circumference. Setae AB of last 20 or so segments enlarged with 90 degree bend, nearly hooked. Prostomium epilobous open; segments lacking secondary annulations. Unpigmented, no dorsal pores, spermathecal pores within 7/8, 8/9 approximately centered in AB; with tumid lips wider than AB. Ovipores in xiv just behind 13/ 14 in B line; male pores equatorial in xviii within seminal grooves; grooves in B line slightly curved and concave laterally; prostatic pores on (or near?) elevated turrets at ends of grooves, lateral to B in xvii-xix; each turret consists of a short column capped with a round flat surface broader than a column, and small crossed furrows on each cap; small pore could be at intersection of these furrows. Setae AB present unmodified in xviii, absent in xvii, xix. Clitellum ½ xiii-xx, saddle in xiv-xx, no other genital markings (Fig. 6a). Anterior septa 5/6 nearly fused into pharyngeal musculature, this musculature in broad bands from iii, iv back to body wall of vii and merge with septum 6/7; septa 6/7/8/9 very strong and elongate, 9/10/11/12 decreasingly muscular; 12/13 and remaining all thin. Alimentary canal lacking gizzard; esophagus elongate, folded in v, shorter but still elongate vi-viii; valvular in xii, intestinal origin in ½ xii; no typhlosole; prominent blood sinuses in intestinal wall in xii-xxii; intestinal walls of xii-xix thicker with longitudinal corrugations and deep segmental pouches. Calciferous glands large, paired in ix, partitioned into multiple lumens by 4 or 5 complete dividing lamina; shorter lamina filling space of each partition (Fig. 6b); each gland with blood vessel from anterior end to extra-esophageal vessel, blood vessel from duct of gland to supra-esophageal vessel. Holonephric, first nephridia in segment viii, tubular throughout from B to above D with upper part above CD apparently a bladder, or thin peritoneal mantle attached to uppermost tubule. Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk in iv-viii, dorsal vessel perforated in ix, forming O-rings in x-xii, xiii; otherwise single; lateral vessels in v-ix, latero-esophageal hearts x-xi. In intestinal segments, small segmental vessels from dorsal vessel to body wall normally with branches within one intestinal segment, but those of xiv receive branches from xiii-xv. Large ovaries, with funnels in xiii; paired spermathecae in viii, ix, consisting of a large muscular duct widening ectally, with 6 inner folds; narrowing conical ampulla smaller in length and volume than duct (Fig. 6c). Male sexual system proandric, testes and funnels in x enclosed in thin membranous sac not composed of septa, vas deferens superficial on body wall from 10/11, joins body wall in xviii where vas deferens terminates in a small muscular bulb; seminal vesicles in ix large laterally placed on body wall, large and post-septal in xi. Slender tubular prostates folded under intestine within xvii-xxxiv, gland diameter about same as ducts; prostatic ducts 2 to 3 segments long, muscular, entering muscular domes of low copulatory bursae; bursal chambers entirely intraparietal containing the bases of the prostatic pore turret bodies. No penial setae. Transverse muscle bands of male field in xvii, xviii, xix with more in the first and third of these segments. Remarks. Compared to other unpigmented Kerriona with turrets in the prostatic pore openings, Kerriona apadaserraensis sp. nov. has the least extensive doubling of the dorsal vessel, because the vessel is not doubled except to a limited extent in segments ix, x-xii, and xiii. The calciferous glands have more (4 or 5 vs. 1 or 2) complete partitions than the other species, and the spermathecal ampullae are smaller than the ducts. These characters distinguish it from other Kerriona. Unfortunately, no DNA barcode data is available for this species., Published as part of James, Samuel W., Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, New Ocnerodrilidae genera, species and records from Brazil (Annelida: Crassiclitellata), pp. 235-269 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 244-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.22, http://zenodo.org/record/7744817

Ocnerodrilidae (juveniles) BRPR0957, 32 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’9.22”S; 51°27’01.02”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0958, 103 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’18.51”S; 51°27’2.55”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0959, 16 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’24.87”S; 51°27’6.23”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0960, 65 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’31.20”S; 51°27’9.82”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas,A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0961, 1 juvenile, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’22.04”S; 51°27’27.45”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0962, 82 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Rolândia — PR (23°19’08.32”S; 51°27’37.62”W), December /2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRPR0963, 20 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Toledo — PR (24°48’50.56”S; 53°33’11.90”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas, A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls. BRRS0058, 4 juveniles, surface soil under no-tillage in Coxilha —RS (28°11’40.10”S; 52°20’26.53”W), December 2016. M.L.C. Bartz, W.C. Demetrio, H.S. Nadolny, T. Ferreira, L.S. Maia, M. Smokanit, R. T. Dudas,A.A. T. Tavares, P.A. Shcuster colls.

Fimoscolex n.sp. 7 (new species) BRSP0692 and BRSP0706 (1 adult each) in ASP; February 22, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, G.G. Brown, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0699, 1 adult in ASP; February 21, 2018; M.L.C. Bartz, collector. BRSP0743, 2 adults in SP; February 22, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0756 and BRSP0761 (2 adults each), and BRSP0774 (8 adults) in IP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0782 (2 adults), BRSP0786 (3 adults), BRSP0797 (1 adult), and BRSP0812 (4 adults) in AP; February 23, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors. BRSP0827, 11 adults in AC; February 26, 2018; L.S. Maia-Bruz, W.C. Demetrio, A. Santos, M.L.C. Bartz, L.P. Feliciano, D.F. Primo, C.H. Fernandes, collectors.

Rhinodrilus sp. nov. BRBA0009 (BRBADNA0330), 1 adult minhocuçu in aestivation (Figure 1A); at 60 cm depth in native forest at the Estaç „o Ecológica Pau Brasil, Porto Seguro, BA (S16.38596 W39.17433); 113 m a.s.l., 13-11-2014, M.L.C. Bartz and G.G. Brown, colls. BRBA0012, 1 adult minhocuçu; found dead on the side of the road after being run over by a motorcycle (Figure 1B); the specimen had likely wandered onto the road in the early morning after a rain-shower, from the native forest on the roadside at the RPPN Estaç„o Veracel, Porto Seguro, BA (S16.387653 W39.170093); 90 m a.s.l., 14-11-2014, G.G. Brown, coll. BRBA0013 (BRBADNA0345), 1 juvenile; topsoil (0– 20cm) of native forest at the RPPN Estaç „o Veracel, Porto Seguro, BA (S16.38724 W39.16957); 90 m a.s.l., 14-11- 2014, M.L.C. Bartz and G.G. Brown, colls., Published as part of Silva, Elodie Da, Santos, Alessandra, Nadolny, Herlon S., Bartz, Marie L. C., James, Samuel W. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworms from natural and managed ecosystems in Southern Bahia, Brazil, pp. 270-282 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 275, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.23, http://zenodo.org/record/7744893

Dichogaster bolaui (Michaelsen) BRRS0393 (4 individuals), BRRS0394 (3 individuals), BRRS0395 (1 individual), BRRS0396 (1 individual) in 0 to 30 soil depth in natural grassland (NG2) system in Vale Verde —RS in Vale Verde —RS (-29.755827 -52.147108, 72 m. a.s.l.), 18/07/2019, J.C. Niemeyer, J.G. Niemeyer, J.E. Niemeyer, A. Wegner, O. Rosa colls., Published as part of De Santo, Fernanda B., Niemeyer, Júlia C. & Bartz, Marie L. C., 2023, Earthworms in the conversion of natural grasslands to agropastoral systems-a preliminary study in Vale Verde, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, pp. 389-398 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.31, http://zenodo.org/record/7745055