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Twenty-one nominal species of Muricea have been reported in the Eastern Pacific with nine of them reported in the Mexican Pacific. We describe three new species of Muricea: Muricea ambarae sp. nov. and Muricea cacao sp. nov., from rocky reefs on the central and the northern Gulf of California and the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, and Muricea molinai sp. nov., from the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur. Muricea ambarae sp. nov. and M. cacao sp. nov. are taxonomically allied to the nominal species Muricea fruticosa Verrill, 1869 due to the morphological similarity of colony growth patterns and the phylogenetic closeness based on the mitochondrial MutS gene (mtMutS); but differ mainly in the calyx form and composition of sclerites. The main morphological differences between the new Muricea species are in their sclerite forms and color; M. ambarae sp. nov. has orange-colored colonies, thin leaf spindles and tuberculated blunt spindles, while M. cacao sp. nov. has dark brown colored colonies, strong spinous spindles and an absence of tuberculated blunt spindles. Muricea molinai sp. nov. is phylogenetically close and morphologically similar to Muricea squarrosa Verrill, 1869 in the growth form of the colony and tubular calyces; but has dark brown colored colonies and has calyces from the base to the branch tips. With these three new species, the total number of Muricea species reported in the Mexican northwest region increases to twelve and a total of 24 nominal species in the Eastern Pacific.

Tanystylum sp. (Figs. 6 A–E; 7 A–I) Material examined. Two specimens: 1³, (UANL-FCB-PYCNO-0061), FONATUR, Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 27°20 ́13 ́N, -112°15 ́47 ́W, 11/15/2013; 1J, (UANL-FCB-PYCNO-0062), Cantamar, Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 24°16´44´´N, - 110°19´51´´W, 06/26/2017 (Fig. 1). Description. Trunk discoidal, all segments completely fused, segmentation lines not observed. Lateral processes short, touching, each with a median tubercle and a pair of setae on the distal end. Ocular tubercle a low truncate cone, longer than wide, with four eyes, a small posterior knob (Fig. 6 A–B; Fig. 7 C–E). Abdomen long elevated slightly upward, four short setae on distal part, ending in two conical processes (Fig. 6 A–B, Fig. 7 C, I). Long, piriform proboscis, directed anteriorly (Fig. 6 A–B; Fig. 7 A–C), mouth has triangular lips with a band of small setae along each lip (Fig. 7 A–B). Chelifores short, biarticulate, scape long with a dorsal and a latero-distal seta; chela non-functional, ¼ the length of the scape, rounded distally (Fig. 6 A; Fig. 7 C–D). Palp with five articles, longer than the proboscis. First article long, with two setae, a dorso-distal and a midlateral. Second article approximately 1/3 the length of article 1, glabrous. The third article with a middle-dorsal seta, five ventral setae and a latero-distal seta. Fourth article is the smallest, with a mid-dorsal seta, a dorso-distal seta, and a mid-ventral seta. Fifth article slightly shorter than first one and covered anteriorly with lateral and ventral setae (Fig. 6 C; Fig. 7 F). Oviger with six articles. First article glabrous. Second article ½ the size of the first one, with a dorso-distal seta. Third article 1.3 times longer than first one, with a dorso-distal seta. Fourth article longest, 1.5 times longer than the first one, with a middle-dorsal seta. Fifth article shorter, ½ the size of first one, with a dorso-proximal and a dorso-distal seta. Sixth article bifurcate, with four long setae in the dorsal part, and two distal setae on ventral part (Fig. 6 E). Thick legs. Coxa 1 short, with a dorso-distal seta. Coxa 2 longer than coxa 1 and 3 together, with a group of twelve lateral setae. Coxa 3 with a mid-lateral seta and a row of five latero-distal setae. Femur widened distally, covered by several groups of setae, those of dorsal surface longer than the others. Tibia 1 with three dorsal setae, longest article. Tibia 1 slightly larger than tibia 2, with seven dorsal setae and two ventro-distal setae. Tarsus small, with a dorso-distal seta. Propodus with a row of eight dorsal spines, no heel spines, a row of six ventral sole spines and a row of four lateral setae. Main claw strong, slightly curved; auxiliaries also feebly curved, ¾ length of main claw (Fig. 6 D; Fig. 7 G–H). The immature specimen presents well-developed chelifores, with two articles, the scape longest, the chelae with mobile finger larger than immobile one. Oviger fully developed, with six articles, last one bifurcated. The rest of the characters are similar to the mature specimen. Measurements of the illustrated specimen (mm). Trunk: 0.6 long from the insertion of chelifore to insertion of the fourth pair of lateral processes, 0.5 wide across the second pair of lateral processes; proboscis length 0.45, 0.2 wide. Third leg: Coxa 1, 0.25; coxa 2, 0.42; coxa 3, 0.22; femur, 0.64; tibia 1, 0.8; tibia 2, 0.74; tarsus, 0.06; propodus, 0.48; main claw, 0.15. Oviger: 1) 0.14; 2) 0.08; 3) 0.17; 4) 0.2; 5) 0.08; 6) 0.7. Distribution. Tanystylum sp. was collected from two marinas: Cantamar in Bahía de La Paz and FONATUR in Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Remarks. The genus Tanystylum includes 48 nominal species worldwide. Five species have been reported in the Eastern Tropical Pacific: Tanystylum californicum Hilton, 1939 from California; T. cinctum Child 1992 from Ecuador; Tanystylum distinctum Child & Hedgpeth, 1971 from Ecuador, Galapagos Islands and Chile; Tanystylum dowi Child, 1979 from the Pacific coast of Panama; Tanystylum duospinum Hilton, 1939, from California, Tanystylum intermedium Cole, 1904 from California, Mexican Pacific, Pacific Panama, Ecuador, Galapagos Islands, Perú and Chile; Tanystylum isthmiacum Stock, 1955 from the Gulf of California and the Mexican Pacific, Costa Rica, Panama, and Ecuador; Tanystylum malpelensis Child, 1979 from the Pacific coast of Colombia and the Galapagos Islands, and Tanystylum occidentale (Cole, 1904) from Pacific Grove, California. The two specimens included in the present study are morphologically distinct from all other previously described Tanystylum species and may be new. This unidentified species was readily distinguished from all other Eastern Pacific members of Tanystylum by the 6-articled oviger, the last article bilobed and Y-shaped. Three of the above Tanystylum species (T. duospinum, T. dowi, and T. isthmiacum) have palps with 5 articles similar to Tanystylum sp., the others have 4, 6 and 7 palp articles, respectively. The Tanystylum sp. specimens were distinct from all the other specimens in the present study in the shape of the ocular tubercle, the structures associated with the lateral process, and the size of the auxiliary claws. For instance, the ocular tubercle of T. duospinum is triangular, wide at the base, with a sharp point on top; the lateral processes are unadorned, lacking accessory structures such as tubercles or setae; and the auxiliary claws are minute, less than ¼ length of the main claw. The ocular tubercle of T. dowi possesses an apical papillary structure, lateral processes with rounded corners and two lateral tubercles, each armed with a seta, and the auxiliary claws about ½ the length of main claw. The ocular tubercle of T. isthmiacum is conical, without a papillary structure, lateral processes with a middle anterior triangular tubercle armed with an apical seta, and the auxiliary claws are ½ length of main claw., Published as part of León-Espinosa, Angel De, León-Gonzalez, Jesus Angel De & Gómez-Gutiérrez, Jaime, 2021, Pycnogonids from marine docks located along the west coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico, pp. 151-195 in Zootaxa 4938 (2) on pages 165-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4563736, {"references":["Hilton, W. A. (1939) A preliminary list of pycnogonids (sic) from the shores of California. Journal of Entomology and Zoology of Pomona College, 31 (2), 27 - 35.","Child, C. A. (1992) Shallow-water Pycnogonida of the Gulf of Mexico. Florida Marine Research Institute, Memories Hourglass Cruises, 9 (1), 1 - 86.","Child, C. A. & Hedgpeth, J. W. (1971) Pycnogonida of the Galapagos Islands. Journal of Natural History, 5, 609 - 634. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937100770461","Child, C. A. (1979). Shallow-water Pycnogonida of the Isthmus of Panama and the coasts of middle America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 293, 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.293","Cole, L. J. (1904) Pycnogonida of the west coast of North America. Harriman Alaska Expedition, 10, 249 - 330. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9890","Stock, J. H. (1955) Pycnogonida from the West Indies, Central America and the Pacific Coast of North America. Papers from Dr Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn, 117, 209 - 266."]}

Ammothella symbia Child, 1979 (Fig. 4 A–F; 5 A–K) Ammothella symbius Child, 1979: 12–15, fig. 4; M̹ller, 1993: 32. Ammothella symbia Child, 2004: 184 (in taxonomic key); Bamber & Takahashi, 2005: 2. Material examined. 4 specimens: 1³, (UANL-FCB-PYCNO-0058), FONATUR marine, Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 27°20´13´´N, - 112°15´47´´W, 01/11/2013; 2³, (UANL-FCB-PYCNO-0059); same sampling location, 11/15/2013; 1³, (UANL-FCB-PYCNO-0060), Cabo San Lucas Marine, Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 22°53´09´´N, - 109°54´38´´W, 7/01/2013 (Fig. 1). Description. The best-preserved specimen is a male with oval body, fully segmented, glabrous except for a small tubercle and one anterior and one posterior seta on each lateral process; which are separated by less than ½ of their own diameter (Fig. 4 A; Fig. 5 E). Cephalon with a low latero-distal tubercle. Ocular tubercle cylindrical, 3.3 times longer than wide, with two pairs of oval eyes, distal end as a small cone (Fig. 4 B; Fig. 5 A, D). Elongated abdomen, six times longer than wide, inserted at a 30° angle upward, with a group of four long setae on dorsal view, and two setae on the distal end (Fig. 4 A–B, Fig. 5 K). Proboscis oval, two times longer than wide, triangular mouth, triangular lips with a band of small setae (Fig. 4 A–B; Fig. 5 A, C). Chelifore ¾ the length of the proboscis, scape with two articles, first one small, ½ the size of the second article, armed with a dorsal tubular seta; second article armed with two tubular setae in tandem, as well as several sharp setae, chela atrophied, conical (Fig. 4 A–B; Fig. 5 A–B). Palp with nine articles. First, third and eighth articles short, first one glabrous, third with a ventral seta, eighth article with a dorsal and a ventral seta. Second article three times longer than the first one, with a median-ventral seta and two anterior dorsal setae. Fourth article is the longest, with two pairs of anterior-dorsal and ventral setae. Fifth article with three pairs of ventral setae. Sixth and seventh articles similar in size, the sixth with two pairs of ventral setae, one middle and one anterior respectively, as well as a middle-dorsal seta; the seventh with a pair of ventral setae inserted anteriorly, and an anterior-dorsal seta. Ninth article twice as long as the first, with two longitudinal rows of setae, the longest row with nine setae, and the shorter row with four (Fig. 4 C; Fig. 5 C). Oviger with 10 articles. First five articles glabrous, unarmed, fourth longest. Sixth article with a ventral seta. Seventh article expanded laterally, armed with three long dorsal setae, a lateral seta and a row of three ventral denticulate spines with 3, 7, and 10 pairs of serrations respectively. Eighth article with a dorsal seta and two ventral denticulate spines armed with 8 and 12 pairs of serrations. Ninth article with a proximal dorsal seta and a ventral denticulate spine with 12 pairs of serrations. Tenth article small, with two distal denticulate spines, each with with 11–12 pairs of serrations. Terminal four oviger articles with denticulate spine formula 3: 2: 1: 2 (Fig. 4 F; Fig. 5 I–J). Legs of similar shape (Fig. 5 F). Coxa 1 small, rounded, with an anterior tubular seta, two lateral setae and a ventral one. Coxa 2 with two latero-anterior sharp setae and a median tubular one, two ventro-distal setae. Coxa 3 with a long middle-dorsal seta, a group of four middle-ventral setae, a ventro-distal seta and two anterior-lateral setae. Femur longer than coxa 1 to 3 combined, with a long dorsal seta, a row of four lateral setae and a pair of ventral ones. Femoral cement gland tubular, as long as article diameter, arising dorso-distally from low tubercle (Fig. 4 D). Tibia 1 and 2 the same size as the femur, both with numerous setae. Tarsus small, with a dorsal seta longer than the ventral ones. Propodus with a row of five dorsal spines, two latero-dorsal setae, a row of three lateral setae, and a row of five anterior setae decreasing in size toward the ventral side. Heel with three thick basal spines followed by a row of six short sole spines. Main claw strong, curved; auxiliaries slightly curved, 2/3 length of main claw length (Fig. 4 D–E; Fig. 5 G–H). Measurements of the illustrated specimen (mm). Trunk length from the chelifore insertion to tip of fourth lateral processes, 1.02; trunk wide across second lateral processes, 0.9; proboscis length 0.92, 0.44 wide. Third leg: Coxa 1, 0.21; coxa 2, 0.38; coxa 3, 0.29; femur 0.72; tibia 1, 0.84; tibia 2, 0.97; tarsus, 0.13; propodus 0.46; main claw 0.21. Oviger: 1) 0.1; 2) 0.18; 3) 0.18; 4) 0.36; 5) 0.23; 6) 0.13; 7) 0.14; 8) 0.1; 9) 0.13; 10) 0.3. Distribution. Child (1979) reported Ammothella symbia in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico, as well as in Cocos Island, Costa Rica; and in channel zone of the Pacific coast of Panama, Punta Paitilla, Taboguilla Island, and Las Perlas Archipelago, Panama. The closed report from the record at Bahía de La Paz reported in the present study was about 470 km east at Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico. Remarks. Ammothella symbia is morphologically similar to A. spinifera. The specimens from the present study were 20–30% longer and wider than the holotype first described from Costa Rica (Child 1979). The number of spines on the legs of the holotype was lower than the numbers of spines on the specimens analyzed in the present study. A shared character was the presence of three thick spines on the heel and six smaller spines on the sole. Ammothella symbia also has shorter chelifores than A. spinifiera. One of the diagnostic characters of A. symbia is the lack of setae on the dorsal trunk surface., Published as part of León-Espinosa, Angel De, León-Gonzalez, Jesus Angel De & Gómez-Gutiérrez, Jaime, 2021, Pycnogonids from marine docks located along the west coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico, pp. 151-195 in Zootaxa 4938 (2) on pages 161-165, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4563736, {"references":["Child, C. A. (1979). Shallow-water Pycnogonida of the Isthmus of Panama and the coasts of middle America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 293, 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.293","Child, C. A. (2004) Some Pycnogonida from the Western Caribbean with descriptions of three new species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 74 (1), 143 - 161.","Bamber, R. N. & Takahashi, Y. (2005) Some littoral sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from Ecuador, with a new species of Anoplodactylus Wilson, 1878 (Phoxichilidiidae). Zootaxa, 815 (1), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 815.1.1"]}

Callipallene californiensis (Hall, 1913) (Figs. 12 A–F; Fig. 13 A–L) Pallene californiensis Hall, 1913: 133, Pl. 4, figs. 9–13. Callipallene californiensis: Hilton, 1942b: 281, pl. 36; de León-Espinosa & de León-González, 2015: 139, fig. 3 A–F. Callipallene solicitatus Child 1979: 44–46, fig. 15. Material examined. Three specimens: 1³, (UANL-FCB-PYCNO-0066), La Paz Marine, La Paz, Baja California Sur, 24°09´17´´N, - 117°19´31´´W, 7/01/2013; 2³, (UANL-FCB-PYCNO-0067), same sampling location, 26/06/2017 (Fig. 1). Description. Male. Trunk fully segmented, surface glabrous, thin neck in shape of a chalice. Cephalon concave distally. Glabrous lateral processes, first and second pair of processes separated by approximately double their diameters, second and third pairs separated by approximately their own diameters, third and fourth separated by less than their own diameters (Fig. 12 A; Fig, 13 E). Ocular tubercle subconical, longer than wide, located just ahead of the first pair of lateral processes, with two pairs of eyes, distal end as a small cone (Fig. 12 A–B, Fig. 13 A, C, E). Short conical abdomen, located on the base of the fourth segment, with two mid-lateral setae (Fig. 12 A–B, Fig. 13 L). Short proboscis, as long as wide, rounded distally (Fig. 12 A, Fig. 13 A), triangular mouth, lips rounded, surrounded by a continuous band of setae, with a pair of teeth on the middle part of each lateral lip (Fig. 13 B–C). Palps absent. Chelifore short, robust, scape shorter than chela, with a row of six dorsal setae at the distal margin (Fig. 12 A–B, F; Fig. 13 A, C, E). Chela globose, with a row of five dorsal setae, a row of six small setae on the articulation of movable finger, and three median setae. Movable finger thin, with ten teeth, immovable finger with ten teeth (Fig. 12 F; Fig. 13 A, C–D). Oviger with 10 articles, first five articles glabrous, the rest with setae. First article short. Article two slightly longer than first one. Article three wider. Fourth and fifth articles subequal in length, fourth glabrous. Fifth article with a row of four long ventral setae on the first ½ and a ventral apophysis on the distal edge apophysis with three long setae (Figs. 12 E, 13G). Sixth article short, begins immediately after the apophysis, with two ventro-distal setae. Articles 7–10 (strigilis), each with a ventral row of denticulate compound spines with formula: 6:5:6:7, and distal simple setae on articles 7–9, the seventh with two ventral setae, eighth and ninth with three dorsal setae (Fig. 12 E; Fig. 13 F, H). Specimen with long legs. Coxa 1 small, with a ventro-distal seta. Coxa 2 with three latero-distal setae. Coxa 3 with a mid-ventral seta and three latero-distal setae. Femur longer than coxa 1 to 3, proximal end glabrous, with a dorsal seta and a distal row of four setae; Tibia 1 slightly shorter than femur, with middle dorsal seta, two lateral setae in row, and five distal setae. Tibia 2 sligthly longer than femur, with a dorsal seta, two latero-distal setae and a ventro-distal seta. Short tarsus with two dorso-distal setae, and a thick ventro-distal seta next to three long thin setae (Fig. 13 J). Propodus with four thick setae on the heel, a ventral row of 10 small spines, a row of eight sole spines, four lateral spines, four dorsal setae in a row, and a group of nine dorso-distal setae. Main claw almost ½ the length of the propodus, auxiliary claws slender, 2/3 main claw length (Fig. 12 C–D; Fig. 13 I–K). Measurements of the illustrated specimen (mm): Trunk length from the anterior part of the cephalic segment to the final part of the fourth pair of lateral processes, 0.7 long, trunk width between the second pair of lateral processes 0.43; proboscis length, 0.3, 0.29 wide. Third leg: coxa 1, 0.15; coxa 2, 0.54; coxa 3, 0.23; femur 1.08; tibia 1, 0.78; tibia 2, 1.08; tarsus, 0.05; propodus 0.34; main claw 0.14. Oviger: 1) 0.05; 2) 0.1; 3) 0.14; 4) 0.25; 5) 0.37; 6) 0.11; 7) 0.12; 8) 0.11; 9) 0.13; 10) 0.12. Distribution. Hall (1913) described Callipallene californiensis from specimens collected at Laguna Beach, California, USA. Child (1979) reported C. californiensis from Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California and Pacific coast of Panama. de León-Espinosa & de León-González (2015) reported C. californiensis as an epibiont of Nodipecten subnodosus in Ojo de Liebre Lagoon, Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur. This specimen was found within the known distribution range (California to Panama) of the species that includes the Californian, Cortez, Mexican, and Panamic biogeographic provinces (Brusca & Wallerstein 1979). Remarks. The specimen used in the present study agrees with the original description of C. californiensis. Callipallene californiensis has been reported on rare occasions until now. Hilton (1942b) re-described C. californiensis on the basis of specimens from three localities (Laguna Beach, Indian Rock, and Catalina Island) providing illustrations of a complete male specimen. Child (1979) described C. solicitatus from Bahía de La Paz, Gulf of California and the Pacific coast of Panama, providing a complete description and illustrations. Child (1987) reviewed the Hall (1913) type specimens and concluded that C. solicitatus is a junior synonym of C. californiensis., Published as part of León-Espinosa, Angel De, León-Gonzalez, Jesus Angel De & Gómez-Gutiérrez, Jaime, 2021, Pycnogonids from marine docks located along the west coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico, pp. 151-195 in Zootaxa 4938 (2) on pages 174-177, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4563736, {"references":["Hall, H. V. M. (1913) Pycnogonida from the coast of California with descriptions of two new species. University of California Publications in Zoology, 11 (6), 127 - 142.","Hilton, W. A. (1942 b) Pantopoda (continued). II; Family Callipallenidae. Journal of Entomology and Zoology of Pomona College, 34 (2), 38 - 41.","de Leon-Espinosa, A. & de Leon-Gonzalez J. A. (2015) Pycnogonids associated with the giant lion's paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus (Sowerby) in Ojo de Liebre Bay, Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico. ZooKeys, 530, 129 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 530.6064","Child, C. A. (1979). Shallow-water Pycnogonida of the Isthmus of Panama and the coasts of middle America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 293, 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.293","Brusca, R. C. & Wallerstein, B. R. (1979) Zoogeographic patterns of idoteid isopods in the northeast Pacific, with a review of shallow water zoogeography of the area. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 3, 67 - 105.","Child, C. A. (1987) The Pycnogonida types of H. V. M. Hall. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 100 (3), 552 - 558."]}

Pigrogromitus timsanus Calman, 1927 (Figs. 10 A–F; 11 A–I) Pigrogromitus timsanus Calman, 1927: 408–410, fig. 104 a–f; Hedgpeth, 1948: 214–216, fig. 23; Stock, 1975: 1015–1116; Child, 1979: 46; Staples, 1982: 457, fig. 2 G–J; Child, 1992: 59, 64, fig. 29. Clotenopsa prima Hilton, 1942d: 52–53, fig. 8. Material examined. Two specimens: 2 ³, (UANL-FCB-PYCNO-0066), La Paz marina, Baja California Sur, 24°09´17´´N, - 117°19´31´´W, 26/06/2017 (Fig. 1). Description. Body thick, trunk completely segmented, oval; distal end of the cephalon rounded (Fig. 10 A; Fig. 11 A, D). Each segment with a dorsal tubercle of the same height as ocular tubercle (Fig. 10 A). Lateral processes with two setae each, separated by less than ¼ of their own diameters (Fig. 10 A). Ocular tubercle conical, located mid-cephalon, with four eyes near the base and a pair of apical elongated structures (Fig. 11 C), and a similar tubercle on each of the following somites (Fig. 10 B, 11 D) (Fig. 10 A–B; 11 B, C). Abdomen three times longer than wide, directed backwards in a straight line, with four dorso-distal spines, the distal pair smaller (Fig. 10 A–B; Fig. 11 D, I). Proboscis cylindrical, thick, gradually widening towards the distal part, approximately 1.8 times longer than wide, directed forward (Fig. 10 A–B; Fig. 11 A). Triangular mouth, upper lip rounded, lateral lips triangle-shaped (Fig. 11 B). Short chelifore, two-articled scape, ½ as long as proboscis. Chela with curved fingers (Fig. 10 A–B; Fig. 11 A–B). Palps absent. Oviger with 10 articles.Articles one to five glabrous. First article short. Second and third articles subequal, each two times longer than first one. Fourth and fifth articles longest, 3.5 and 4 times longer than the first article. Sixth article twice as long as the first, with five ventral setae in midline and two latero-distal setae. Seventh article 1.5 times longer than the first, with four dorsal and four ventral setae, plus two latero-distal spines. Eighth article of the same size as the first, with three ventral setae and two lateral setae. Ninth article ½ the size of the first one, with a ventro-distal seta. Tenth article smaller than ninth, with a thick mid-ventral seta. Oviger claw curved, slightly longer than ninth article (Fig. 10 E–F; Fig. 11 G–H). Thick legs. Coxae 1–3 of similar length, 1 and 2 glabrous; coxa 3 with ventro-distal seta. Femur longest, as long as coxae 1 and 2 together, proximally wider, with two mid-ventral setae and a latero-distal seta. Tibia 1 with two dorsal bumps, single seta proximally and distally and two latero-distal setae. Tibia 2 as long as tibia 1, with two smaller dorsal bumps and a seta on each of them, two latero-distal setae, a middle-ventral seta and three ventro-distal setae. Tarsus armed with four ventral spines. Propodus with five ventral sole spines, a latero-distal seta, a mid-dorsal seta and two dorso-distal setae. Main claw ½ the length of the propodus, curved distally, no auxiliary claws (Fig. 10 C–D; Fig. 11 E–F). Measurements of the illustrated specimen (mm). Trunk: 1.25 long from the insertion of the proboscis to the insertion of the abdomen, 0.91 wide between the second pair of lateral processes. Proboscis: 0.56 long, 0.32 wide. Third leg: Coxa 1, 0.17; coxa 2, 0.17; coxa 3, 0.17; femur 0.32; tibia 1, 0.26; tibia 2, 0.26; tarsus 0.06; propodus 0.31; claw 0.14. Oviger: 1) 0.1; 2) 0.2; 3) 0.3; 4) 0.45; 5) 0.5; 6) 0.3; 7) 0.25; 8) 0.1; 9) 0.05; 10) 0.05. Distribution. Pigrogromitus timsanus has a circum(sub)tropical distribution (Lucena & Christoffersen, 2019). Calman (1927) described P. timsanus from Lake Timsah, on the Nile Delta, Egypt; Hedgpeth (1948) expanded its range of distribution to the Gulf of Mexico, finding the species in Lake Worth, Florida, USA; Stock (1975) reports this species from Curaçao Island and comments that it has a circum-tropical distribution. Child (1979) reported specimens of P. timsanus from Baja California Sur, Mexico and both coasts of Panama. The most recent reports of this species are at Eastern Australia in the Pacific Ocean (Arango, 2003) and southern Atlantic (Lucena & Christoffersen, 2019). Remarks. The current specimens from the Gulf of California differ from the holotype described by Calman (1927) in the absence of setae on the first two coxae. Propodus of the holotype presents three times more sole spines than the specimens of the present study. The oviger of the current specimens do not have setae on the first five articles, while the oviger of the holotype has four setae on the third article, one on the fourth and five on the fifth article. The rest of the oviger articles of the holotype of P. timsanus and the specimens from the Gulf of California do not differ in the number of setae. Another relevant morphological difference is the presence of four spines on the abdomen of the specimens from the Gulf of California; these are absent in the holotype (Calman 1927). Except for the setae of the abdomen, all these differences can be attributed to ontogenetic variability among specimens, because the two specimens observed from Baja California Sur were about 35% smaller than the holotype., Published as part of León-Espinosa, Angel De, León-Gonzalez, Jesus Angel De & Gómez-Gutiérrez, Jaime, 2021, Pycnogonids from marine docks located along the west coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico, pp. 151-195 in Zootaxa 4938 (2) on pages 171-174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4563736, {"references":["Calman, W. T. (1927) Report on the Pycnogonida. Zoological results of the Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 22 (3), 403 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1927. tb 00389. x","Hedgpeth, J. W. (1948) The Pycnogonida of the western North Atlantic and the Caribbean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 97 (3216), 157 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.97 - 3216.157","Stock, J. H. (1975) Pycnogonida from the continental shelf, slope, and deep sea of the tropical Atlantic and East Pacific. Biological results of the University of Miami deep-sea expeditions, 108. Bulletin of Marine Science, 24 (4), 957 - 1092.","Child, C. A. (1979). Shallow-water Pycnogonida of the Isthmus of Panama and the coasts of middle America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 293, 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.293","Staples, D. A. (1982) Pycnogonida of the Calliope River and Auckland Creek, Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 20 (3), 455 - 471.","Child, C. A. (1992) Shallow-water Pycnogonida of the Gulf of Mexico. Florida Marine Research Institute, Memories Hourglass Cruises, 9 (1), 1 - 86.","Hilton, W. A. (1942 d) Pycnogonids from Hawaii. Occasional Papers of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Hawaii, 17 (3), 43 - 55.","Lucena, R. A. & Christoffersen, M. L. (2019) New records of Pigrogromitus timsanus Calman, 1927 (Callipallenidae, Pycnogonida) for the South Atlantic. Check List, 15, 135 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 15.1.135","Arango, C. P. (2003) Sea spiders (Pycnogonida, Arthropoda) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia: new species, new records and ecological annotations. Journal of Natural History, 37 (22), 2723 - 2772. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930210158771"]}

Tanystylum occidentale (Cole, 1904) (Figs. 8 A–G; 9 A–L) Clotenia occidentalis Cole, 1904: 281–282, pl. 13, fig. 9, pl. 23, fig.4–8. Tanystylum occidentalis Hedgpeth, 1954: 209; M̹ller, 1993: 85; Child & Hedgpeth, 2007: 660, Plate 330, fig. B; Murtaugh & Hernández, 2014: 412. Material examined. 11 specimens: 1♀, (UANL-FCB-PYCNO-0063), Fiscal marine dock, La Paz, Baja California Sur, 24°09´41´´N, - 110°19´09´´W, 07/01/2013; 5♀, 4³, (UANL-FCB-PYCNO-0064), same sampling location, 06/26/2017; 1♀, (UANL-FCB-PYCNO-0065), FONATUR marine dock, Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur, 27°20´13´´N, - 112°15´47´´W, 11/15/2013 (Fig. 1). Description. Male: Trunk discoidal, glabrous, all segments completely fused, segmentation lines not observed. Lateral processes short, glabrous (Fig. 8 A; Fig. 9 E). Ocular tubercle subconical inserted in middle of cephalon, with two pairs of black eyes near base (Fig. 8 A–B; Fig. 9 D). Wide abdomen, inserted at the base of the third pair of lateral processes, with a 70° inclination, five distal setae and a pair of dorsal tubercles, and two pairs of dorsal setae (Fig. 8 A–B; Fig. 9 K–L). Proboscis cylindrical, short and thick, straight, directed forward, 1.4 times longer than wide. Triangular lips, each lip bordered by a band of long setae (Fig. 9 A–B). Scape short, truncated, cone-shaped, with four to five distal setae, chela non-functional (Fig. 8 A–B; Fig. 9 B–C). Palp with four articles, shorter than proboscis. First article short, glabrous. Second article longest, wide in the middle, attenuating towards the distal end, with an inclination toward the ventral side, with three long lateral setae, a dorso-distal and a short ventro-distal seta. Third article with a long lateral seta. Fourth article with a group of six setae, distal one longest (Fig. 8 C; Fig. 9 C). Oviger with ten articles. Male oviger: First article short, with a mid-dorsal seta. Second article 1.8 times longer than the first article, with a proximal seta and two dorso-distal setae. Third article widened distally, with a dorso-distal seta. Fourth article with a dorsal-proximal seta. Fifth article longest, widened distally, with a long middle-dorsal seta. Sixth article with a middle-dorsal seta, a latero-distal seta, both short, and a long dorsal-distal seta. Seventh article with a mid-dorsal seta and two ventro-distal setae. Eighth article of equal size as the first one, with two ventro-distal setae. Ninth article with a postero-ventral seta. Tenth article short, with two long rigid setae directed forward (Fig. 8 F, 9 I–J). Thick legs. First pair of legs longer than the others (Fig. 9 E). Coxa 1 small, with a ventro-distal seta and three mid-dorsal setae. Coxa 2 with ventral seta in the 3/4 and two mid-dorsal setae. Coxa 3 glabrous, small triangular gonopore present on antero-dorsal side (Fig. 9 E). Femur longest, widened distally, with two mid-dorsal setae and three dorso-distal setae; cement gland conical in shape located at the dorso-distal edge (Fig. 8 D, 9 G). Tibia 1, wider in the middle, with two mid-dorsal setae and two dorso-distal setae. Tibia 2 with four mid-ventral setae, and two at ventro-distal end, two mid-dorsal setae, and two pairs of lateral setae at the distal end. Tarsus with thick ventral setae, a small lateral seta, and two latero-distal setae. Propodus with a row of 13–14 spines covering the entire dorsal surface; heel with three thick spines and a small lateral seta, two small sole spines and three latero-distal setae near the base of the main claw. Main claw ½ the length of the propodus. Auxiliaries 2/3 the length of the main claw (Fig 8 D–E; Fig. 9 F, H). Female: Tanystylum occidentale females have notoriously smaller ovigers than males, with the following morphology: First to fourth articles glabrous. Fifth article long, with a dorso-distal seta. Sixth article with two dorsodistal setae. Seventh article with long setae, one dorso-distal, two latero-distal and two mid-ventral. Eighth article with three long distal setae. Ninth article with one dorsal and one ventral seta. Tenth article very short, with two long terminal spines (Fig. 8 G). Measurements of the male illustrated specimen (mm). Trunk: 0.73 long from the insertion of the chelifores until the insertion of the fourth pair of lateral processes, 0.61 wide between the second pair of lateral processes. Proboscis: 0.41 long, 0.22 wide (Fig. 8 A–B). First leg: Coxa 1, 0.13; coxa 2, 0.18; coxa 3, 0.2; femur 0.63; tibia 1, 0.48; tibia 2, 0.6; tarsus, 0.06; propodus 0.35; main claw 0.18. Third leg: Coxa 1, 0.11; coxa 2, 0.16; coxa 3, 0.13; femur 0.59; tibia 1, 0.39; tibia 2, 0.45; tarsus, 0.04; propodus 0.26; main claw 0.13. Oviger: 1) 0.09; 2) 0.15; 3) 0.19; 4) 0.14; 5) 0.22; 6) 0.17; 7) 0.1; 8) 0.08; 9) 0.1; 10) 0.02. Distribution. Cole (1904) described T. occidentale from Pacific Grove, California, USA. The specimens analyzed in the present work represent the first record of this species in Mexico, collected in Santa Rosalía and Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur. These records are about 2,300 km south from the closest previous record at Pacific Grove, California. Remarks. Cole (1904) reported a single male specimen and the morphological characteristics are similar to the male specimens of the present study. Pacific Grove, California is the only previously known location of T. occidentale. The records of the present work extend its distribution range south (2,500 km) and to the east coast of Baja California Sur., Published as part of León-Espinosa, Angel De, León-Gonzalez, Jesus Angel De & Gómez-Gutiérrez, Jaime, 2021, Pycnogonids from marine docks located along the west coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico, pp. 151-195 in Zootaxa 4938 (2) on pages 168-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4563736, {"references":["Cole, L. J. (1904) Pycnogonida of the west coast of North America. Harriman Alaska Expedition, 10, 249 - 330. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9890","Hedgpeth, J. W. (1954) The Pycnogonida. Reports on the dredging results of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Trans-Pacific Expedition. July-December, 1953. Systematic Zoology, 3 (4), 147.","Child, C. A. & Hedgpeth, J. W. (2007) Pycnogonida. In: Carlton, J. (Ed.), The Light and Smith Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon. 4 th Edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, pp. 656 - 665.","Murtaugh, M. P. & Hernandez, L. (2014) Inventario de la macrofauna reclutada sobre sustrato artificial suspendido en Bahia Concepcion, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 85 (2), 402 - 413. https: // doi. org / 10.7550 / rmb. 34225"]}

Anoplodactylus erectus Cole, 1904 (Figs. 19 A–G; 20 A–M) Anoplodactylus erectus Cole, 1904: 289–291, pl. 12 fig. 12, pl. 26 figs. 1–9; Hilton, 1916: 25, figs. 1–6; Child, 1970: 288; 1979: 52; M̹ller, 1989: 126, figs. 41–44; Nakamura & Child, 1991: 25. Material examined. 16 specimens: 6♀, 9³, 1J, (UANL-FCB-PYCNO-0081), Fiscal dock, Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, 24°09´41´´N, - 110°19´09´´W, 06/26/2017 (Fig. 1). Description. Trunk cylindrical, thin, decreasing in diameter towards the back, completely segmented (Fig. 19 A). Lateral processes each with a tubercle on the dorso-distal part. All separated by less than ½ their own diameters (Fig. 19 A; Fig. 20 A). Conical ocular tubercle, with three projections in the shape of papillae on top (Fig. 20 E), located in the anterior part of the cephalic segment, with two anterior and two posterior eyes (Fig. 19 A). Abdomen with an inclination of 50°, inserted between the last pair of lateral processes, with three lateral spines, one middle and two distal (Fig. 19 A, Fig. 20 M). Proboscis cylindrical, three times longer than wide, with a declination of 30° with respect to the horizontal (Fig. 19 A, Fig. 20 A–B). Triangular mouth, each lip lined with a dense fringe of setae and a row of 7–9 small soft papillae (Fig. 20 C). Three articled chelifore. Single articled scape extends beyond the proboscis (Fig. 19 A), narrower in the middle and wider at both ends, with a mid-dorsal seta, two dorso-distal setae and a distal-ventral seta. Chelae well developed, without teeth, with three ventro-distal setae and three dorso-distal setae (Fig. 19 B; Fig. 20 D). Palps absent. Oviger inserted just below the first pair of legs in the male, with six articles (Fig. 19 A); article small, thicker than other articles, glabrous. Second article 2.8 times longer than the first one, with a mid-ventral and a ventro-distal seta. Third article longest, 5.8 times longer than the first one, with six ventral setae in the first third followed by a bulge and a row of nine setae; and three dorsal setae. Fourth article arched, 1.6 times longer than the first, with a mid-dorsal seta. Fifth article of the same size as the first one, with seven dorsal setae and a row of six ventral setae. Sixth article ½ the size of the first, with four setae (only visible in Fig 19 A, G) on distal end (Fig. 19 A, G, Fig. 20 B, K). The oviger, in the only juvenile specimen collected, is a short structure formed by three glabrous article. Thin legs (Fig. 19 C, 20 F). Coxa 1 small, semi-circular, glabrous. Coxa 2, twice as long as coxa 1, in males with a swelling on the first third of the dorsal part, three mid-ventral spines and prominent ventro-distal genital spur covered with small spines (Fig. 19 D). Coxa 3 narrow proximally and widened distally, with two ventro-distal setae. Femur longest with a conical mid-dorsal cement gland (Fig. 19 C, Fig. 20 G–I), three dorsal setae after the cement gland and one dorso-distal seta; with two ventral setae on the first third and five ventral setae on the last third. Tibia 1 narrow proximally and widened distally, with three mid-ventral setae, five dorsal setae on the first ½ of the segment and three setae on the dorso-distal end, anterior one thicker. Tibia 2 longest with seven ventral setae, eight dorsal setae and two latero-distal setae. Tarsus with a dorso-distal seta, two mid-ventral setae, two ventro-distal setae and two latero-distal setae. Propodus arched, with a dorsal row of eight spines and 4 lateral spines; heel with a thin basal seta, two thick and two thinner setae; two rows of seven ventral sole spines directed towards the distal end. Main claw ¾ propodus length, with a pair of tiny lateral auxiliary claws (Fig. 19 C, F; Fig. 20 J). Female: Anoplodactylus erectus females differ from the males by the absence of ovigers. Other difference between male and female is the coxa 2 e in females, widened anteriorly, without genital spur, with a group of 6 distal setae and a tiny subdistal setae (Fig. 19 E). Measurements of the illustrated specimen (mm): Trunk: 1.09 from the anterior limit of the cephalic segment to the limit of the fourth lateral process, 0.7 wide between the second pair of lateral processes; proboscis 0.33 mm long, 0.14 mm wide. Third leg: Coxa 1, 0.24; coxa 2, 0.56; coxa 3, 0.32; femur, 1.02; tibia 1, 0.85; tibia 2, 0.95; tarsus, 0.1; propodus, 0.41; main claw, 0.34. Oviger: 1) 0.09; 2) 0.22; 3) 0.47; 4) 0.18; 5) 0.1; 6) 0.05. Distribution. Anoplodactylus erectus is a widely distributed species from San Diego, California, USA to Malpelo Island in the Colombian Pacific (Cole 1904; Child 1979). In the Western Child (1970) reported the species from French Polynesia and. M̹ller (1989) collected A. erectus from Bora Bora Island. Nakamura & Child (1991) reported this species from the Kyushu Islands and Amakusa, Japan. The present report from Bahía de La Paz falls within the known range but is an extension of the distribution to the southwestern part of the Gulf of California (La Paz is about 1,600 km south of the closest previous location at San Diego, California, USA). Remarks. The specimens of the present study differ from the holotype described by Cole (1904) in the length and ornamentation of the propodus. The holotype has a semi-straight propodus, with five spines on the heel, the first two setae thicker than the rest, nine curved ventral sole spines, and a propodal lamina that occupies the final third, with five setae, two on the posterior middle part and three on the distal part. Main claw thin and long, almost touching the heel, short auxiliary claws, one tenth of the main claw length. The specimens from the east coast of Baja California Sur have an arched propodus, with seven spines along the segment and a row of four lateral setae; heel with two thick spines and two pairs of smaller spines. Sole with two ventral row of six blunt, curved sole spines, directed towards the anterior end, short propodal lamina, 1/5 of the length of the propodus; thick main claw, slightly longer than ½ of the propodus, with tiny auxiliary claws, barely visible even with scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 20 J). The specimens reported by M̹ller (1989) from Bora Bora Island have a propodus similar to the specimens collected in the present study, except for differences in the number of setae, other morphological characters are similar., Published as part of León-Espinosa, Angel De, León-Gonzalez, Jesus Angel De & Gómez-Gutiérrez, Jaime, 2021, Pycnogonids from marine docks located along the west coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico, pp. 151-195 in Zootaxa 4938 (2) on pages 184-187, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4563736, {"references":["Cole, L. J. (1904) Pycnogonida of the west coast of North America. Harriman Alaska Expedition, 10, 249 - 330. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9890","Hilton, W. A. (1916) The life history of Anoplodactylus erectus Cole. Journal of Entomology and Zoology of Pomona College, 8 (1), 25 - 34.","Child, C. A. (1970) Pycnogonida of the Smithsonian-Bredin Pacific Expedition, 1957. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 83 (27), 287 - 308.","Child, C. A. (1979). Shallow-water Pycnogonida of the Isthmus of Panama and the coasts of middle America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 293, 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.293","Nakamura, K. & Child, C. A. (1991) Pycnogonida from waters adjacent to Japan. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 512, 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.512"]}

Anoplodactylus viridintestinalis (Cole, 1904) (Figs. 21 A–E; 22 A–J) Halosoma viridintestinalis Cole, 1904: 286–288, pl. 14: fig. 11, pl. 24: figs. 6–8, pl. 25, figs. 1–4. Anoplodactylus viridintestinalis Stock, 1955: 239; Child, 1979: 63. Anoplodactylus compactus (Hilton, 1939) Endeis compacta Hilton, 1942a Phoxichilidium compactum Hilton, 1939 Material examined: 19 specimens: 18³, 1 j (UANL-FCB-PYCNO-0082), Puerto Escondido Marine, Loreto, Baja California Sur, 25°48´52´´N, - 111°18´40´´W, 12/01/2013 (Fig. 1). Description. Trunk cylindrical, widening towards the front, with four trunk segments. (Fig. 21 A–B). Lateral processes with a dorso-distal tubercle. First pair of lateral processes separated from the second pair by more than its own diameter. Second pair of lateral processes separated from the third by its own diameter and third pair separated from the fourth by less than ¼ of its own diameter (Fig. 21 A–B). Ocular tubercle conical, located at the anterior end of the cephalic segment, with four eyes, two located anteriorly and two posteriorly (Fig. 21 A–B, Fig. 22 A, C, F). Cylindrical abdomen, with small spines scattered on its surface, with an inclination of 70° (Fig. 21 B, Fig. 22 J). Proboscis cylindrical, 2.5 times longer than wide, with a declination of 30° (Fig. 21 B, Fig. 22 A); lips of the mouth with broad edges, with a dense series of setae and a group of ten thin and long setae on both margins of the upper lip (Fig. 22 B). Rudimentary palps with one article (Fig. 22 E). Chelifore with three articles. Scape, one-segmented, extends slightly beyond the proboscis, widens distally with a wide external curvature, with a proximal-ventral seta, two ventro-distal setae, a latero-proximal seta, a mid-lateral seta and three latero-distal setae. Chela well developed, without teeth, with four mid-dorsal setae, two setae on the fixed finger and three mid-ventral setae on the mobile finger (Fig. 21 B–C, Fig. 22 C–E). Slender legs, Coxa 1 small, semi-circular, glabrous. Coxa 2 with a small gonopore on ventral surface (Fig. 22 I), a mid-ventral seta and two ventro-distal setae. Coxa 3 with a mid-ventral seta and a ventro-distal seta. Femur, tibia 1, and tibia 2 equidistant in length, longest articles. Tibia 1 with two mid-ventral setae and two distal setae. Tibia 2, slightly smaller than tibia 1, with two ventral setae in the first third, two ventral setae in the third and two ventro-distal setae; with a mid-dorsal seta and a dorsal-distal seta. Femur with a mid-lateral seta, a mid-ventral seta, a latero-distal one and a dorso-distal seta, a dorso-distal cement gland is present. Tarsus with a mid-ventral setae, four ventro-distal setae and a mid-dorsal seta. Propodus arched, with a row of five dorsal setae, a row of six small setae on lateral surface, and a latero-anterior seta. Heel with a thick spine, two pairs of smaller spines and a thin seta; sole with two rows of ten ventral sole spines each, directed towards the distal end. Main claw ¾ the size of the propodus, with a pair of minute auxiliary claws (Fig. 21 D–E; Fig. 22 H). Measurements of the illustrated specimen (mm). Trunk length 2.02 from the anterior limit of the cephalic segment to the limit of the fourth lateral process, 1.2 wide between the second pair of lateral processes; proboscis length 0.98 long, 0.48 wide. Third leg: Coxa 1, 0.28 mm; coxa 2, 0.42 mm; coxa 3, 0.37 mm; femur, 1.16 mm; tibia 1, 1.16 mm; tibia 2, 1.16 mm; tarsus, 0.14 mm; propodus, 0.79 mm; claw, 0.46 mm. Distribution. First described from Dillon Beach, Marin County, California, USA (Cole, 1904). Child (1979) extended its known distribution range to the Pacific coast of Panama. The present record at Puerto Escondido is about 2,600 km far from the closest previous report at Dillon Beach, USA. Remarks. The specimens of A. viridintestinalis collected in the present study are similar to the holotype described by Cole (1904) from California. However, they have several morphological variations in the spination of the chelae. Cole (1904) reports specimens with glabrous chela, while specimens from the Gulf of California have groups of setae on both chela fingers. Another difference is that the number of setae on the legs is greater in the specimens reviewed in this study compared to the holotype. Setae arrangement of the heel and sole of propodus are similar in specimens from these distant locations., Published as part of León-Espinosa, Angel De, León-Gonzalez, Jesus Angel De & Gómez-Gutiérrez, Jaime, 2021, Pycnogonids from marine docks located along the west coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico, pp. 151-195 in Zootaxa 4938 (2) on pages 187-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4563736, {"references":["Cole, L. J. (1904) Pycnogonida of the west coast of North America. Harriman Alaska Expedition, 10, 249 - 330. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9890","Stock, J. H. (1955) Pycnogonida from the West Indies, Central America and the Pacific Coast of North America. Papers from Dr Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn, 117, 209 - 266.","Child, C. A. (1979). Shallow-water Pycnogonida of the Isthmus of Panama and the coasts of middle America. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 293, 1 - 86. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.293","Hilton, W. A. (1939) A preliminary list of pycnogonids (sic) from the shores of California. Journal of Entomology and Zoology of Pomona College, 31 (2), 27 - 35.","Hilton, W. A. (1942 a) Pycnogonids from the Allan Hancock Expeditions. Reports of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 5 (9), 277 - 339."]}

Leptogorgia waltonae sp. nov. (Fig. 4–6) Holotype: USNM-1422111, dried specimen, Las Cuevas (19°17'54.026" N, -110°48'16.030" W), San Benedicto, Revillagigedo Archipelago, 20 m depth, January 20, 2000. Paratypes: USNM-1422112 dried specimen, San Benedicto, Revillagigedo Archipelago, 18 m depth, 2006. USNM-1422113, dried specimen, San Benedicto, Revillagigedo Archipelago, 18 m depth, 2006. USNM-1422114, dried specimen, Las Cuevas, San Benedicto, Revillagigedo Archipelago, 20 m depth, January 20, 2000. Holotype colony: A yellow colony considerably small (cluster growth), 1.7 cm in height and 1.3 cm in width (Fig. 4C). Holdfast rectangular (3–5 mm) from which arises a main stem 7 mm in width and 2 mm in diameter; which is divided by laterally growing into secondary branches – 6 mm in diameter. Polyps arranged irregularly all along the colony except in the main steam where they are absent. Polyps are fully retractile into the coenenchyme forming slightly raised polyp mounds 0.5 mm with oblong apertures (1 mm in length). The first lateral branch is missing showing the nude dark brown axis of about 1 mm in diameter (Fig. 4C) (Table 1). Holotype sclerites: The dominant type of sclerites is compact capstans (0.11 mm – 0.065 mm) (Fig. 5C). Spindles are scarce (0.13 mm – 0.06 mm) with 4–5 whorls of warty tubercles and acute ends (Fig. 5A,C, Table 1). Coenenchymal crosses are small up to 0.05 mm on each side (Fig. 5B). Coenenchymal and anthocodial sclerites are pale yellow (Fig. 4F, Table 1), the anthocodial sclerites are blunt rods with lobed margins (0.06 mm – 0.03 mm) observed with an optical microscope (Fig. 4F) but not observed with SEM. Variability. Colonies of Leptogorgia waltonae sp. nov. commonly have a highly varying coloration with polychromatic range of yellow, orange, pink, red, and purple in live and dried colonies and their sclerites (coenenchymal and anthocodial) (Fig. 4A–G). Larger but relatively uncommon colonies are bushy small (4.5 cm in height and 3.9 cm in width) with reddish-purple or pink coloration (Fig. 4B,D,E). All branches grow irregularly in several directions including some directed towards the substrate. Main branches of 5 to 15 mm in length and 2 – 4 mm in diameter arise from a holdfast up to 5 mm in length and 4 mm in width with a long main steam of 11 mm in length and 3 mm in diameter showing polyp mounds in the half top. Terminal twigs with conspicuous wart-like tips up to 6 mm in diameter are always present. Polyp mounds are slightly raised or prominent (about 2 mm) showing small circular or oval openings (Fig. 4H). The brownish nude axis (free of coenechyme) from ten colonies always shows several thin branches (1 mm diameter) at the base, but with conspicuously swollen, wart-like ends up to 3 mm in diameter (Fig. 6B). The main distinctive morphological character between small colonies and large colonies is that polyp mounds are slightly raised in small colonies and prominent in large colonies, so this attribute gives the colony a crumpled appearance. Remarks. Breedy & Guzman (2011) divided all the species of the genus Leptogorgia from the American Pacific within three morphological groups according to internal and external morphological traits: alba (5 spp.), rigida (8 spp.), and pumila (11 spp.). Leptogorgia waltonae sp. nov. is different because colonies are clustershaped with few short branches that grow downward in angles between 90° and 180° with unequal thicknesses, tipped with sphere-shaped warts. We compared morphology of L. waltonae sp. nov. with Leptogorgia ena (Breedy et al. 2012) because it is the species of the genus with more morphological similarities (Table 1). Leptogorgia ena resembles L. waltonae sp. nov. because both species are small (Leptogorgia ena has branches divided into two types of ramifications: (1) line with greater thickness in the intermediate zone but thinner in both the base and the tip, which can be sharpened and (2) thin branches at the base, but thick in both the intermediate portion and the tip; which are blunt. In contrast, L. waltonae sp. nov. has tips with sphere-shaped warts. We removed the coenenchyme from 10 colonies of L. ena collected at Oaxaca and 10 colonies of L. waltonae sp. nov. from Revillagigedo Archipelago, only the axis of L. waltonae sp. nov. always shows the tips with sphere-shaped warts (Fig. 6B) while L. ena shows the typical thin and homogeneous axis (Fig. 6A). Therefore, the thickness and shape of the branches in L. ena is due to thickening of the coenenchyme, while the thickness and shape of the branches in L. waltonae sp. nov. is due to the thickening of the axis. In fact, there is no other known Leptogorgia species in the American Pacific with the presence of this morphological character. Additionally, unlike L. ena, no tentacular sclerites were observed in L. waltonae sp. nov. These two distinctive morphological traits provide strong evidence that this is a new species (Table 1). For practical purposes Leptogorgia ena was tentatively classified within the pumila group, however, Breedy et al. (2012) emphasized that for its particular traits (the small colony, the dominance of wide capstans, barrels and double heads, the low occurrence of spindles, the maximum length of spindles 0.10 mm, and lastly, the presence of tentacular sclerites) it should be segregated from their mutual resemblance (Table 1). We propose to group the species L. ena and Leptogorgia waltonae sp. nov. into a new group called ena group, because both species grow as small-grouping cluster-shaped colonies, their branching is asymmetric in thickness, and have wide capstans, barrels, double heads (Table 1). Habitat. The colonies of Leptogorgia waltonae sp. nov. were collected attached to volcanic rocks up to 25 m depth and the highest density was observed at 10 m depth. Observations with the submersible DEEPSEE up to 200 m depth done in April 2016 confirmed this species has a shallow distribution pattern (Leptogorgia waltonae sp. nov. shares its benthic habitat with a dominant sponge (Aplysina revillagigedi Cruz-Barraza, Carballo, Rocha-Olivares, Ehrlich & Hog, 2012), which has a high percentage of covered area on the volcanic rocks. Distribution. Leptogorgia waltonae sp. nov. is only known from Revillagigedo Archipelago (Socorro and San Benedicto Islands). Type locality: San Benedicto. Etymology. Leptogorgia waltonae sp. nov. is named in honor of Christy Ruth Walton (USA) underwater adventurer and photographer. A passionate woman that supports multiple research programs and expeditions in the tropical eastern Pacific providing enthusiasm, funding, equipment, and travel support to scientists who are involved in research and conservation efforts of biota in the Gulf of California and the Mexican Pacific Ocean.

Eugorgia wilkiei sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Holotype: USNM-1422107, dried specimen, El Cañón (19°17'52.0980" N, -110°48'16.9158" W), San Benedicto, Revillagigedo Archipelago, 55 m depth, January 20, 2000. Paratypes: USNM-1422110 dried specimen, El Boiler (19°19'48.5898" N, -110°48'50.1474" W), San Benedicto, Revillagigedo Archipelago, 38 m depth, January 20, 2000; USNM-1422108, El Cañón, San Benedicto, Revillagigedo Archipelago, 55 m depth, January 20, 2000; USNM-1422109, dried specimen, El Cañón, San Benedicto, Revillagigedo Archipelago, 55 m depth, January 20, 2000. Holotype colony: Yellow colony 35.3 cm tall, and 32.4 cm wide, profusely branched, growing in several planes (miltiplanar flabelliform) (Fig. 1A,D, Table 1). Main branches are compressed, branching irregularly pinnate. Main stem 1.9 cm diameter, 3.7 cm long, and slightly compressed. Morphology of the holdfast is unknown because it was removed during collection. The main stem is subdivided in two branches of 1.3 cm in diameter, emerging at angles of 44°–47° and producing three secondary branches resulting in thin (1–2 mm), short (1–9 mm) and closer (0.6–2.5 mm) branchlets showing a densely branched colony (Fig. 1A). Branching up to 13 times. The polyps are white and fully retractable in bilabiate mounds reaching up to 0.4 mm. These are arranged in multiple irregular bands at the branchlets (Fig. 1C) and more sparsely over the thick branches where they are observed in parallel rows on either side of the longitudinal grooves. Holotype sclerites: The color of the sclerites is yellow (Fig. 1B). All types of sclerites found in Eugorgia wilkiei sp. nov. are shown in Fig. 2A–G, Table 1. The most abundant coenenchymal sclerites are incomplete double discs, followed by capstans and spindles. However, the complete double disc, spindly capstans, bent spindles, and crosses are present too. The biometry of sclerites for each type are: complete double disc (0.057 mm – 0.040 mm), incomplete double disc (0.077 mm – 0.047 mm), capstans (0.084 mm – 0.056 mm), spindly capstans (0.054 mm – 0.032 mm), crosses (0.092 mm – 0.057 mm), spindles (0.151 mm – 0.072 mm), and bent spindles (0.136 mm – 0.076 mm), with 3–5 whorls of warty tubercles (Table 1). No anthocodial sclerites were found. Variability. The paratypes of Eugorgia wilkiei sp. nov. deposited in the United States Natural Museum include three complete colonies from 21–35 cm tall to 9–32 cm wide. They have the same general morphology described for the holotype. However, in some cases, the growth occurs only in multiples planes (Fig. 3A, D). Samples have short branches (Fig. 3C) and densely branched up to 10 to 13 times within complete colonies. Colony and sclerite color is uniform, bright yellow or dark red (Fig. 3A–B). Remarks. Eugorgia wilkiei sp. nov. and the species Eugorgia rubens Verrill, 1868, Eugorgia siedenburgae Breedy and Guzman, 2013, Eugorgia beebei Breedy, Williams and Guzman, 2013 (previously proposed as monospecific groups) and daniana group (including 4 species) have branching irregularly pinnate, prominent polyp-mounds and the incomplete double discs as the more abundant type of coenenchymal sclerites (Table 1). However, E. wilkiei sp. nov. is included in the daniana group because it branches between 10 and 13 times, has flabellate growth, and polyps are arranged in irregular rows (Table 1). The four species included for daniana group are Eugorgia aurantiaca (Horn, 1860), Eugorgia daniana Verrill, 1868, Eugorgia mutabilis Breedy, Williams and Guzman, 2013 and Eugorgia multifida Verrill, 1870. The branching division in the daniana group are up to 7 times (except E. aurantiaca with branching up to 6 times), and the length of the terminal twigs between 0.8–1.5 cm; nevertheless, E. wilkiei sp. nov. branches up to 13 times and the terminal twigs to 0.1–0.3 cm in length makes the colonies look densely branching. The color of the colonies in the daniana group is specific for each of the four species: E. aurantiaca have dark orange or red colonies with a contrasting yellow longitudinal groove, E. daniana possess bright red colonies with polyp-mounds amidst for yellow spots (Breedy et al. 2009a). Eugorgia mutabilis has white-pink colonies, and E. multifida have dark orange to bright red colonies with polyp-mound surrounded by bright yellow sclerites (Table 1). In contrast, Eugorgia wilkiei sp. nov. has two chromotypes with a solid color (yellow or red), the sclerites have the same color than the colonies, and never with a ring or spots in the polyp-mouth. Eugorgia wilkiei sp. nov. is distinguished by its considerably dense flabellate growth, maximum branching up to 13 times, branches arise closer, the colony growth at several multiple planes and the yellow coloration of the colonies and their sclerites (the red chromotype is similar to E. aurantica and E. multifida). Its taxonomic features described here, suggest E. wilkiei sp. nov. is closely related to E. multifida with similar branch diameters and colony growth pattern. However, E. multifida has anthocodial rods that are absent in E. wilkiei sp. nov. (Table 1). Habitat. Colonies were collected from 10–65 m depth attached to volcanic rocks (but more frequently observed between 50–100 m depth from the submersible DEEPSEE) on surfaces exposed or into crevices and holes. The yellow chromotype of Eugorgia wilkiei sp. nov. is common at 10–30 m depth, and the red chromotype (which is relatively more abundant in the population) is common at 20–100 m depth. Qualitative observations indicate that E. wilkiei sp. nov. colonies are present in low density (0.2 colonies/ 100 m 2) at shallow water between 10–30 m, and in high density (25 colonies/ 100 m 2) at deep water between 50– 70 m. Distribution. Eugorgia wilkiei sp. nov. is only known from Revillagigedo Archipelago (Socorro and San Benedicto Islands). Type locality: San Benedicto. Etymology. Eugorgia wilkiei sp. nov. is named in memoriam of Donald Walter Wilkie (1931–2015), a Canadian-born who came to La Jolla in 1964 to begin his 35-years career as Director of the Scripps Aquarium and Founding Director of the Stephen Birch Aquarium. His life-long goal was to educate the public about marine life and ecology. A preeminent expert in his unique field as aquarium curator, educator, and ichthyologist, he cherished the collaborative scholarship program, the “Sea of Cortez Fellowship” along with the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur in La Paz, Mexico to support brilliant marine biology students in the 1980’s and 1990’s. This Sea of Cortez Fellowship program promoted the formation of a new research group named Reef Fauna Project (“Proyecto Fauna Arrecifal” in Spanish) at UABCS since the 1990’s.