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Abstract Diadiplosis saccharum sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described based on male and female prey on nymphs of mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Saccharum spp. (Poaceae) in São Paulo State, Brazil. Herein, the genus is composed by 33 species. The key of the eight species of the Diadiplosis distributed in Brazil is updated.

ABSTRACT Two new species of cecidomyiids of the genus Ficiomyia Felt, 1922 were obtained from syconium galls in species of Ficus L. for the first time in Brazil. The new species are Ficiomyia brasiliensis sp.nov. Urso-Guimarães and Ficiomyia caatinga sp. n. Urso-Guimarães and are associated respectively with Ficus citrifolia Mill. in the State of São Paulo and Ficus caatingae R.M.Castro found in the State of Bahia. This is the first register of Ficiomyia for Brazil.

Abstract A new species, Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) causing stem and petiole galls on Lessingianthus warmingianus (Baker) H. Rob. (Asteraceae) is described and illustrated from Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A key is provided to separate species of this genus associated with host plants in the Asteraceae family from the Neotropical region.

Uma nova espécie de Dasineura Rondani, 1840 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) para o Brasil, Dasineura occulta sp. nov., é descrita associada a Hypochaeris chillensis (Kunth) Britton (Asteraceae), uma espécie invasora e característica de ambientes antropizadas. Esta nova espécie foi encontrada ocupando capítulos e não há formação de galhas ou alterações no tecido das inflorescências que possam ser reconhecidas externamente. São apresentados desenhos de caracteres morfológicos de adultos (macho e fêmea), larva e pupa. Pranchas da ocupação do hospedeiro também são incluídas.A new species of Dasineura Rondani, 1840 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil, Dasineura occulta sp. nov., is described associated with Hypochaeris chillensis (Kunth) Britton (Asteraceae), an invasive and common species in anthropic environments. This new species was found occupying capitula and does not form galls or any external modifications in inflorescence tissue that can be recognized externally. Drawings of adult morphological structures (male and female), larva and pupa are presented. Plates showing the host occupation are included.

Asphondylia canastrae sp. nov. (Minas Gerais, Delfinópolis), A. sanctipetri sp. nov. (São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto), and Schizomyia tuiuiu sp. nov. (Mato Grosso, Cuiabá) are described. A. canastrae sp. nov. is associated with Hyptis sp. (Lamiaceae), A. sanctipetri sp. nov. with Didymopanax morototoni (Araliaceae), and S. tuiuiu sp. nov. with Bauhinia rufa (Fabaceae). Illustrations of the new species and comments about their systematic position are presented.

Abstract A new species of Lopesia Rübsaamen, 1908 induces leaf galls on Andira humilis (Fabaceae) in the Cerrado biome (Brazilian savanna) of Bahia, Mato Grosso and São Paulo states, Brazil. Larva, pupa, female, and male of this new species of gall midge are described and illustrated in this paper.