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Aquilonastra O’Loughlin, 2004 (in O’Loughlin and Waters, 2004) Aquilonastra O’Loughlin, in O’Loughlin and Waters, 2004: 5 (key to genus), 13–15, tables 1, 2.— O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2005: 181.— Saba and Fujita, 2006: 270.— Byrne, 2006: 244, 245, 248, 250, 251.— O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006: 257–287 (key to species).— O’Loughlin, 2009: 204, fig. 1.— O’Loughlin and Mackenzie, 2013: 177–180, figs 1, 2. — O’Loughlin and Bribiesca-Contreras, 2015: 33–46, figs 1–8 (revised key to species). Diagnosis (from O’Loughlin and Bribiesca-Contreras, 2015). Rays 5, or 5–8 in fissiparous species; inter-radial margin deeply incurved, form stellate; rays discrete, broad at base, tapering, rounded distally; flat actinally, convex abactinally; abactinal plates in longitudinal series, not perpendicular to margin; papulate areas extensive; papulae predominantly single, large, in longitudinal series along sides of rays; abactinal plates with glassy convexities; abactinal spinelets and actinal spines predominantly fine, glassy, conical or sacciform or splay-pointed sacciform, in bands or tufts, numerous (10–40 per plate); actinal plates in longitudinal, sometimes oblique,series;superambulacral plates present for all of ray, sometimes for part of ray or absent in paedomorphic species; superactinal plates present. Remarks. We have not further revised the morphological diagnosis of genus Aquilonastra to accord with variations observed here, such as a shallow incurved junction of rays in two of the species below and the absence of superambulacral plates in one of the species below. We anticipate a necessary extensive revision when adequate genetic data become available., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark & Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, 2017, New asterinid seastars from the western Pacific Ocean (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), pp. 121-132 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria (Mem. Mus. Vic.) (Mem. Mus. Vic.) 76 on pages 121-122, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2017.76.03, http://zenodo.org/record/8065178, {"references":["O'Loughlin, P. M. and Waters, J. M. 2004. A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 61 (1): 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2004.61.1","O'Loughlin, P. M. and Rowe, F. W. E. 2005. A new asterinid genus from the Indo-West Pacific region, including five new species (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Asterinidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 62 (2): 181 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2005.62.6","Saba, M. and Fujita, T. 2006. Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Sagami Sea, Central Japan. 1. Paxillosida and Valvatida. Memoirs of the National Science Museum 41: 251 - 287.","Byrne, M. 2006. Life history diversity and evolution in the Asterinidae. Integrative and Comparative Biology 46 (3): 243 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / icj 033","O'Loughlin, P. M. and Rowe, F. W. E. 2006. A systematic revision of the asterinid genus Aquilonastra O'Loughlin, 2004 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 63 (2): 257 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2006.63.18","O'Loughlin, P. M. 2009. New asterinid species from Africa and Australia (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Asterinidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 203 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2009.66.18","O'Loughlin, P. M. and Mackenzie, M. 2013. Asterinid seastars from the Mozambique Channel (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Asterinidae). Zootaxa 3613 (2): 176 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3613.2.5","O'Loughlin, P. M. and Bribiesca-Contreras, G. 2015. New asterinid seastars from northwest Australia, with a revised key to Aquilonastra species (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 73: 27 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2015.73.04"]}

Aquilonastra starmeri sp. nov. Zoobank LSID. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8B1FF925-A45F-4268-BDFE-C5F262C420D2 Figures 7, 8, 9a–d. Material examined. Holotype. Palau, off NE Ngeryktabe Island, rocky islets, 7º 18.26’ N, 134º 27.25’ E, 10 m, coll. J. Starmer, 5 Mar 2003, code BPAL –081, photo GP 954, UF 1612 (in 75% ethanol; many spinelets lost with handling over time). Description. Asterinid seastar, five sub-equal rays, rays wide basally, bluntly rounded distally, R = 20 mm, r = 12 mm, rays merge at bases, inter-radial junction of rays with shallow incurve, central rays with high elevation and rounded abactinally, distinct broad inter-radial low non-papulate apron marginally, up to about 7 plates wide longitudinally, rays flat actinally, margin acute. Not fissiparous. No abactinal or actinal gonopores detected. No pedicellariae detected. Superomarginal plates in irregular series, slightly smaller than projecting inferomarginal plates, subequal in size with adjacent irregular apron plates. Broad low proximal marginal apron supported by internal superactinal plates, outer marginal apron supported by contiguous abactinal and actinal plates; some small superambulacral plates present. Glassy convexities on cleared abactinal and actinal plates. Abactinal: disc discrete, small, demarcated irregularly by 5 wide doubly or singly papulate radial plates and 5 smaller inter-radial plates; single conspicuous madreporite, above junction of bases of two rays. Abactinal plates imbricate, indented proximally for single papula, rarely 2; no carinal series of plates, only one doubly papulate carinal plate; small secondary plates on disc and few abactinally; abactinal plates in about 6 longitudinal series down each side of each ray, plates with elevated rounded proximal edge, about 20 papular plates in uppermost series, 1–3 in lowest series. Surface of abactinal plates covered with up to about 40 short conical to digitiform spinelets, not sacciform, not clustered, spinelets readily lost; spinelets on abactinal apron acicular, conical, subsacciform, about 6 per plate; superomarginal plates with fewer spinelets. Actinal: inter-radial plates in longitudinal and oblique transverse series from the ambulacrum. Actinal spines per plate: oral 11, long conical, fused basally, shorter distally; suboral about 8, long conical proximally to short distally; furrow 5, conical, fused basally; subambulacral 4, conical, fused basally; actinal 3–5, conical, fused basally; inferomarginal up to about 12, digitiform, short actinally. Distribution. Palau, off NE Ngeryktabe Island, rocky islets, 10 m. Etymology. Named for John Starmer who collected and documented the type specimen. Remarks. Aquilonastra starmeri sp. nov. is distinguished from many Aquilonstra species by lacking pedicellariae, lacking carinal series of plates and having a non-fissiparous habit. Aquilonastra species that lack pedicellariae but are fissiparous are: Aquilonastra burtoni (Gray, 1840); Aquilonastra cassini O’Loughlin and Bribiesca-Contreras, 2015; Aquilonastra chantalae O’Loughlin and Mackenzie, 2013; Aquilonastra colemani O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006; Aquilonastra conandae O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006; Aquilonastra doranae O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006; Aquilonastra moosleitneri O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006; Aquilonastra yairi O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006. Aquilonastra starmeri sp. nov has 3–5 actinal inter-radial spines per plate and is thus distinguished from those with up to eight and more: Aquilonastra byrneae O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006; Aquilonastra cepheus (Müller and Troschel, 1834); Aquilonastra limboonkengi (Smith, 1927); Aquilonastra samyni O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006. Aquilonastra starmeri sp. nov. has uniformly rounded rays abactinally and is distinguished from those with paxilliform rays: Aquilonastra lorioli (Koehler, 1910); Aquilonastra minor (Hayashi, 1974); Aquilonastra rosea (H.L. Clark, 1938). Aquilonastra starmeri sp. nov. is distinguished from the remaining species assigned to Aquilonastra that are not fissiparous and lack prominent pedicellariae as follows: Aquilonastra alisonae O’Loughlin and Bribiesca-Contreras, 2015 has splay-pointed abactinal spinelets; Aquilonastra halseyae O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006 has sacciform spinelets and the primary superomarginal plates are frequently separated by smaller plates; Aquilonastra marshae O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006 has some doubly papulate carinal series of plates; Aquilonastra oharai O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006 has spinelets in double splayed series across the proximal edge of abactinal plates; Aquilonastra scobinata (Livingstone, 1933) has carinal series of singly papulate plates and long thin pencil-like sacciform splay-pointed spinelets. We note again that Aquilonastra corallicola was described for Palau and is fissiparous.

Aquilonastra donia sp. nov. Zoobank LSID. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C41D2993-A090-4D51-A8B9-C15A29B271B3 Figures 1, 2, 3a–d. Material examined. Holotype. New Caledonia, Yaté reef flat, coll. Gaillande, July 1970, MNHN-IE-2014-641 (original registration MNHN EcAs11855) (dry; many spinelets and pedicellariae lost with handling over time). Description. Asterinid seastar, five sub-equal rays, rays wide basally, bluntly rounded distally, R = 22 mm, r = 15 mm, rays merge at bases, inter-radial junction of rays shallow in-curved, central rays elevated and rounded abactinally, distinct broad inter-radial low non-papulate apron marginally, rays flat actinally, margin acute. No abactinal or actinal gonopores detected. Single madreporite.Not fissiparous.Superomarginal and inferomarginal plates sub-equal, superomarginal plates in discrete series, slightlylargerthanadjacentdistalabactinalplates, inferomarginal plates projecting outwards. Broad low marginal apron up to 7 plates across longitudinally, supported by internal superactinal plates; superambulacral plates present, small. Glassy convexities on cleared abactinal and actinal plates. Abactinal: disc discrete, small, demarcated irregularly by 5 wide doubly papulate radial plates and 5 smaller inter-radial plates; single conspicuous madreporite, above junction of bases of two rays; pedicellariae present inter-radially, proximally and distally, conspicuous, frequently longer than adjacent spinelets, each comprising two stout, in-curved pointed conical teeth, present on proximal edges of inter-radial plates over concave indentation for papula; abactinal plates imbricate, indented proximally for single papula; no regular carinal series of plates, but a few doubly papulate carinal plates along some proximal upper rays; few small secondary plates on disc, rays and marginal apron; abactinal papular plates in about 7 longitudinal series down each side of each ray, plates with elevated rounded proximal edge, about 20 papular plates in uppermost series, 1–2 in lowest series; distal inter-radial plates on apron in longitudinal series parallel to the rays and oblique curved series from the ray to the margin. Abactinal spinelets readily lost: up to at least 20 digitiform spinelets over crown of proximal plates, not in tufts, distal spinelets slender conical to subsacciform; up to about 5 slender conical spinelets per superomarginal plate. Actinal: inter-radial plates in longitudinal series parallel to the ambulacrum and oblique transverse series from the ambulacrum to the margin. Actinal spines per plate: oral 6, long digitiform to conical proximally, to short distally; suboral about 5, long conical proximally to short distally; furrow 4–5 long conical; subambulacral 4–5 long conical; actinal 2–3, mostly 2, long conical; inferomarginal up to about 16, thick digitiform actinally to thin conical subsacciform abactinally. Distribution. New Caledonia, reef flat. Etymology. Original collection record is New Hebrides, now New Caledonia, and named for the donia ending to Caledonia. Remarks. The long abactinal pedicellariae, with 2 conical pointed and curved valves that are frequently longer than adjacent spinelets, and actinal inter-radial plates with predominantly 2 spines, are distinguishing feature of Aquilonastra donia sp. nov. Other Aquilonastra species with prominent pedicellariae with differentiated valves (teeth) are distinguished by: Aquilonastra anomala (H.L. Clark, 1921) is fissiparous with multiple madreporites; Aquilonastra batheri (Goto, 1914) has tufts of splayed abactinal spinelets, and up to 12 actinal inter-radial spines; Aquilonastra corallicola (Marsh, 1977) is fissiparous and has two different forms of spinelets on the paxilliform upper ray plates; Aquilonastra coronata (Martens, 1866) has irregularly distributed high paxilliform abactinal plates with two different forms of spinelets; Aquilonastra iranica (Mortensen, 1940) has up to 5 doubly papulate proximal carinal plates and the spinelets on proximal abactinal plates are in small groups; Aquilonastra richmondi O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006 has spinelets of two forms on abactinal plates; Aquilonastra rowleyi O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006 has a disc that is delineated by a dense band of spinelets on wide radial plates, each plate with about 100 long thin pencil-like glassy spinelets; Aquilonastra shirleyae O’Loughlin, 2009 has spinelets in splayed clusters and up to 10 actinal inter-radial spines per plate; Aquilonastra watersi O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006 has abactinal spinelets in clusters., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark & Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, 2017, New asterinid seastars from the western Pacific Ocean (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), pp. 121-132 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria (Mem. Mus. Vic.) (Mem. Mus. Vic.) 76 on page 122, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2017.76.03, http://zenodo.org/record/8065178, {"references":["Clark, H. L. 1921. The echinoderm fauna of Torres Strait: its composition and its origin. Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington No. 214: i - viii, 1 - 223 pp, 38 pls.","Goto, S. 1914. A descriptive monograph of Japanese Asteroidea. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 9 (1): 1 - 808, 19 pls.","Marsh, L. M. 1977. Coral reef asteroids of Palau. Micronesica 13 (2): 251 - 282.","Martens von, E. 1866. Ueber ostasiatische Echinodermen 3. Seesterne des indischen Archipels. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 32: 57 - 92.","Mortensen, T. 1940. Echinoderms from the Iranian Gulf. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran 2: 55 - 112, pls 1, 2. Ejnar Munksgaard: Copenhagen.","O'Loughlin, P. M. and Rowe, F. W. E. 2006. A systematic revision of the asterinid genus Aquilonastra O'Loughlin, 2004 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 63 (2): 257 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2006.63.18","O'Loughlin, P. M. 2009. New asterinid species from Africa and Australia (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Asterinidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 203 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2009.66.18"]}

Aquilonastra korora sp. nov. Zoobank LSID. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 765787CA-CF22-4FF5-8637-497D9E9FA85D Figures 4, 5, 6a–d. Material examined. Holotype. Palau, Koror, Mutremdiu reef,rock, 30 m, coll. J. Starmer, 19 Aug 1995, code BEL–276, UF 2437 (fixed in formalin, dry; many spinelets and pedicellariae lost with handling over time). Description. Asterinid seastar, five sub-equal rays nearly digitiform, rays wide basally, narrowly rounded to pointed distally, R = 25 mm, r = 10 mm, rays merge at bases, inter-radial junction of rays deeply in-curved, central rays elevated and rounded abactinally, weakly evident low sloping distal abactinal margin, no distinct apron; rays flat actinally, margin acute. Abactinal gonopores detected. Single madreporite. Not fissiparous. Fairly irregular series of superomarginal plates, subequal with adjacent abactinal and inferomarginal plates, inferomarginal plates project narrowly outwards. Narrow sloping margin up to about 5 plates across longitudinally, supported by some internal superactinal plates, distal marginal abactinal and actinal plates contiguous internally; superambulacral plates absent with tissue strengthening only of junction internally between ambulacral and actinal plates. Glassy convexities on cleared abactinal and actinal plates. Abactinal: disc discrete, small, demarcated irregularly by 5 bean-shaped non-papulate radial plates and 5 slightly smaller inter-radial plates, disc plates papulate, distal abactinal plates on rays not papulate; single conspicuous madreporite, above junction of bases of two rays; pedicellariae present inter-radially, proximally, low, not conspicuous, each comprising two short thick blunt teeth, present on proximal edges of inter-radial plates over concave indentations for papulae; abactinal plates imbricate, indented proximally for predominantly 1 rarely 2 papulae; no regular carinal series of plates, rare doubly papulate carinal plates present; rare small secondary plates on disc and proximal upper rays; abactinal plates in about 3 longitudinal series down each side of each ray, plates with elevated rounded proximal edge, up to about 20 papular plates in uppermost series, about 10 in mid-series, about 4–7 in lowest series; distal inter-radial plates in longitudinal and irregularly distributed oblique series. Abactinal spinelets readily lost: abactinal spinelets finely sacciform with needle-like long taper, up to at about 16 spinelets across proximal raised edge of proximal plates, not in tufts, distal spinelets slender conical to subsacciform; up to about 2–3 small fine sacciform acicular spinelets on crowns of superomarginal plates. Actinal: inter-radial plates in longitudinal series parallel to the ambulacral furrow, some oblique transverse series from the ambulacrum, distal inter-radials irregular in distribution. Actinal spines per plate: oral up to 9, long conical proximally, to short distally; suboral up to 6, 3 long conical proximally, 2–3 shorter on each side of plate distally; furrow 5–6 conical subsacciform, 2 long apically, 1–2 short laterally on each side of plate; subambulacral up to 8, 2 long subsacciform conical apically, 3 short conical on each side of plate; actinal predominantly 2, subsacciform conical; inferomarginal predominantly about 5 sacciform. Distribution. Palau, rocky reef, 30 m. Etymology. Named korora for Koror, the state in Palau where the type was collected. Remarks. A diagnostic character of genus Aquilonastra is the presence of superambulacral plates. Aquilonastra korora sp. nov. is thus unique among Aquilonastra species in lacking such plates, but the species conforms well in most ways with the diagnosis of the genus and is assigned to this genus, with reservations, as the most appropriate existing genus. The presence of low pedicellariae with two short thick blunt teeth and predominantly 2 actinal inter-radial spines per plate are distinguishing characters. There are additional characters that distinguish Aquilonastra korora sp. nov. from other Aquilonastra species that have distinctive pedicellariae: Aquilonastra anomala (Clark, 1921) and Aquilonastra corallicola (Marsh, 1977) have up to 8 rays and are fissiparous with multiple madreporites; Aquilonastra batheri (Goto, 1914) has tufts of splayed abactinal spinelets and up to 12 actinal inter-radial spines; Aquilonastra coronata (Martens, 1866) has irregularly distributed high paxilliform abactinal plates with two different forms of spinelets; Aquilonastra iranica (Mortensen, 1940) has up to 5 doubly papulate proximal carinal plates and the spinelets on proximal abactinal plates are in clusters; Aquilonastra rowleyi O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006 has a disc that is delineated by a dense band of spinelets on wide radial plates, each plate with about 100 long thin pencil-like glassy spinelets; Aquilonastra shirleyae O’Loughlin, 2009 has spinelets in splayed clusters and up to 10 actinal inter-radial spines per plate; Aquilonastra watersi O’Loughlin and Rowe, 2006 has pedicellariae with differentiated valves but has doubly papulate proximal carinal plates and abactinal spinelets in clusters. All of these species have superambulacral plates. We note that Aquilonastra corallicola was described for Palau., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark & Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, 2017, New asterinid seastars from the western Pacific Ocean (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), pp. 121-132 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria (Mem. Mus. Vic.) (Mem. Mus. Vic.) 76 on pages 122-125, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2017.76.03, http://zenodo.org/record/8065178, {"references":["Clark, H. L. 1921. The echinoderm fauna of Torres Strait: its composition and its origin. Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington No. 214: i - viii, 1 - 223 pp, 38 pls.","Marsh, L. M. 1977. Coral reef asteroids of Palau. Micronesica 13 (2): 251 - 282.","Goto, S. 1914. A descriptive monograph of Japanese Asteroidea. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 9 (1): 1 - 808, 19 pls.","Martens von, E. 1866. Ueber ostasiatische Echinodermen 3. Seesterne des indischen Archipels. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 32: 57 - 92.","Mortensen, T. 1940. Echinoderms from the Iranian Gulf. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran 2: 55 - 112, pls 1, 2. Ejnar Munksgaard: Copenhagen.","O'Loughlin, P. M. and Rowe, F. W. E. 2006. A systematic revision of the asterinid genus Aquilonastra O'Loughlin, 2004 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 63 (2): 257 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2006.63.18","O'Loughlin, P. M. 2009. New asterinid species from Africa and Australia (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Asterinidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 203 - 213. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2009.66.18"]}

Synaptula lamperti Heding, 1928 Table 1; appendix 1; figure 29a Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_56, WAM station no 20, barcode 10001534, from -15.376537 124.192773 35 m to -15.376196 124.192071 35 m, 19 Mar 2015, WAM Z89073 (1)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 43, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Heding, S. G. 1928. Synaptidae. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916 XLVI. Videnskabelige Meddelelser Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kobenhavn 46: 105 - 323, pls 2, 3."]}

Protankyra verrilli (Théel, 1886) Table 1; appendix 1; figure 27c Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_47, WAM station no 42, barcode 10002967, from -15.612805 124.073033 36 m to -15.612437 124.072883 35 m, 26 Mar 2015, WAM Z89072 (1)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 43, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Theel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 14 (39): 1 - 290, 16 pls."]}

Plesiocolochirus spinosus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) Figures 11, 12 Holothuria spinosa Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: 118–120, pl. 7 figs 1–10. Cladolabes spinosus.— Brandt, 1835: 74. Stolus firmus Selenka, 1867: 356, pl. 20 figs 118–119. Ocnus spinosus.— Semper, 1867: 55. Colochirus spinosus.— Selenka, 1868: 117.—von Marenzeller, 1881: 129–132.— Théel, 1886.— Lampert, 1889: 825–826. Thyone spinosa.— Semper, 1869: 238.— Lampert, 1885: 157. Stereoderma validum Bell, 1884: 150–151, pl. 9 figs Ea–f. (synonymy by H. L. Clark 1946) Apentacta spinosa.—H. L. Clark, 1946: 395. Plesiocolochirus spinosus.— Cherbonnier, 1946: 280–286, fig.— Rowe (in Rowe & Gates), 1995: 279. Type locality. Australia, New South Wales, Port Jackson. Material examined. S Queensland, Kimbla K4/69, -26.05 153.75 68 m, 1969, NMV F204081 (3); off Yeppoon, -24.05 151.45 9–37 m, 6 Sep 1967, NMV F204080 (1); off Yeppoon, Keppel Bay, -23.07 150.89 9 m, 6 Sep 1967, NMV F95257 (1). Description. Body firm, packed with calcareous ossicles, fusiform with upturned oral and anal ends, long posterior taper, body oval in mid-body section, dorsal length shorter than ventral length, axial (not curved) length up to 64 mm; lateral edges of body with 3–12 firm conical papillae with large imbricating true scales, longest papillae mid-body, up to 6 mm long; five conical oral valves, each with two prominent spines distally, imbricating true scales distally; distal anal cone with large imbricating true scales, interspersed with small ossicle clumps; small anal scales; small ossicles clustered into contiguous lumps in mid-body to create pseudo-scales, each with central passage/perforation for withdrawn tube feet, pseudo-scales about 1.00 mm across. Ten dendritic tentacles, 8 large, 2 small. Calcareous ring cucumariid-like, plates solid, higher than broad, lacking posterior prolongations. Tube feet scattered irregularly over body, frequently withdrawn and inconspicuous, small, more numerous ventrally than dorsally, mid-ventral radius with irregular paired rows, narrow space on each side of mid-ventral radius lacking tube feet, tube feet appear to penetrate pseudo-scales. Three inter-grading ossicle forms of body wall: 1. surface layer of finely knobbed bowls, oval to rounded rectangular in form, shallow concave, 4 central perforations, variable number of additional corner perforations, finely knobbed over surface, variably bridged from margins to sometimes create hollow, irregular, ellipsoid-like ossicles, 40–70 µm long; 2. layer of thickly knobbed buttons, flat, large marginal and central knobs, frequently 4 perforations but varying from 3–8, buttons 50–120 µm long, some buttons developing secondary layers to become small scales, up to about 216 µm long; 3. deeper layer of multi-layered scales, up to 1.5 mm long, developed from additional layers on knobbed plates. Lateral papillae and tube feet with terminal endplates, fairly uniform perforations, about 120 µm. Tentacle ossicles rods, lacking rosettes: large rods/rod-plates thick, curved, bent, perforated along rod, variable form, up to 480 µm long; small, irregularly-branched rods, some H-shaped, some distally perforate; fine very small distally perforate rods, not branched. Live colour (Cherbonnier 1946, based on Quoy & Gaimard 1834): red dorsally, grey ventrally, lateral spines purple, tentacles red with brown spots at the base of the trunks. Preserved colour (this work): off-white to pale brown with some residual red flecks, two broad irregular transverse dark brown bands around mid-body. Distribution (Rowe & Gates 1995). Eastern Australia, Queensland to Victoria, 9– 90 m., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on pages 24-27, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Quoy, J. R. C. & Gaimard, J. P. 1834. Holothuries. Pp 108 - 133 in: Voyage de la corvette de l'Astrolabe. Execute par ordre du roi pendant les annees 1826 - 1829 sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville - Zoologie: Zoophytes. 390 pp, 26 pls. J. Tastu, Paris.","Brandt, J. F. 1835. Prodromus descriptionis animalium ab h. mertensio in orbis terrarum. Imperial Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. 75 pp. Petropoli.","Selenka, E. 1867. Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 17 (2): 291 - 374, pls 17 - 20.","Semper, C. 1867 (1868). Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. 1, Holothurien. 285 pp, 40 pls. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.","Selenka, E. 1868. Nachtrag zu den Beitragen zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift Wissenschaftliche Zoologische 18: 109 - 119, pl. 8.","Marenzeller von, E. 1881. Neue Holothurien von Japan und China. Verhandlungen Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft, Wien 31: 121 - 140, pls 4 & 5.","Theel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 14 (39): 1 - 290, 16 pls.","Lampert, K. 1889. Die warhend der Expedition SMS. Gazelle 1872 - 1874 von Pr. Dr. Studer gesammelten Holothurien. Zoolgische Jahrbucher 15, 4 (4): 806 - 858.","Semper, C. 1869. Die Holothurien Ostafrika's. Baron Carl Claus von der Decken's Reisen in Ost-Afrika in den Jahren 1859 - 1865. Wissenschaftlicher Theil 3 (1): 117 - 122.","Lampert, K. 1885. Die Seewalzen. Holothurioidea. Eine Systematiche Monographie. In Semper, C. (ed.) Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen 4 (3): 312 pp, 1 pl, 3 figs. Wiesbaden.","Bell, F. J. 1884. Echinodermata. Pp 117 - 177, pls 8 - 18 in: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. Alert 1881 - 2. Taylor and Francis: London.","Clark, H. L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566. 1 - 567.","Cherbonnier, G. 1946. Sur une holothurie de Quoy et Gaimard, type d'un nouveau genre: Pleisocolochirus n. g. Bulletin Museum National Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 2 Serie 18 (3): 280 - 286.","Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata in: Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Volume 33 (Ed A. Wells.). Pp xiii + 510. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne."]}

Family Cucumariidae Ludwig, 1894 Diagnosis (after Smirnov 2012). Ten dendritic tentacles; calcareous ring lacking segmented posterior prolongations; tube feet most commonly restricted to the radii, or may also be scattered in the dorsal and lateral inter-radii; ossicles in body wall perforated plates, sometimes rods, sometimes bowls, never tables., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 16, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Ludwig, H. 1894. Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross, during 1891. XII. The Holothurioidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 17 (3): 1 - 183, pls 1 - 19.","Smirnov, A. V. 2012. System of the class Holothuroidea. Paleontological Journal 46 (8): 793 - 832."]}

Thyone papuensis Théel, 1886 Table 1; appendix 1; figures 23, 24 Thyone fusus var. papuensis Théel, 1886: 92, pl. 7 fig. 1. Thyone papuensis H. L. Clark, 1921: 167.— 1932: 221.— 1946: 399.— Clark & Rowe, 1971: 182.—A. M. Clark, 1982: 489, 495, fig. 2.— Cannon & Silver, 1986: 32, fig. 9g.— Liao & Clark, 1995: 504, fig. 306.—Rowe (in Rowe & Gates), 1995: 316. Type locality. Torres Strait. Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no LIN_6, WAM station no 16, barcode 10001097, from - 15.27505 S 124.36988 E 46 m to -15.27543 S 124.36918 E 46 m, 18 Mar 2015, WAM Z89057 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_116a, WAM station no 18, barcode 10001259, from - 15.26142 S 124.27518 E 41 m to -15.26172 S 124.27583 E 40 m, 18 Mar 2015, WAM Z89058 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_43, WAM station no 26, barcode 10002102, from -15.488461 124.201824 46 m to -15.488309 124.201113 46 m, 21 Mar 2015, WAM Z89059 (1) (ring eviscerated and lost); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_77, WAM station no 34, barcode 10002542, from - 15.725854 S 124.166978 41 m to -15.726405 124.16756 41 m, 23 Mar 2015, WAM Z89060 (1). North Kimberley Region, near mouth of King George River, RV Solander, Sled 06, lot number (barcode) 023319, -13.8505 127.28868 45 m, 6 June 2013, WAM Z27863 (1) (UF tissue lot MOL AF 1463). Description (Kimberley specimens; preserved in 95% ethanol). Body fusiform, narrow, with long tapers to narrow oral and anal ends, oral and anal ends may be slightly upturned, body (live) up to 35 mm long, up to 17 mm diameter; complete cover of small tube feet, diameters about 0.2 mm, some in longitudinal series; 10 dendritic tentacles, two ventral small; calcareous ring tubular with long posterior prolongations comprising a mosaic of small pieces; inconspicuous anal scales present comprising thick single-layered plates with small perforation, multi-layered components, meshed rods component; single polian vesicle; gonad tubules not branched. Mid-body ossicles scattered small tables with a spire of two pillars, discs with predominantly four perforations in smaller specimens, two larger central, two smaller distal, many discs in larger specimens with four or more smaller additional perforations, disc lengths commonly 50–55 µm, spire heights 23 µm, spires of two pillars, single apical bridge, apex of spire with two short pillar ends, each with a few blunt spines, spines sometimes with additional secondary spinelet. Tube feet endplates Thyone -like with small central perforations, outer ring of large perforations, marginal rim of small transversely oval perforation, endplates up to 110 µm diameter; support tables in tube feet with elongate, curved discs up to about 120 µm long, four central perforations, single small perforation distally; spires with two pillars, joined apically with few blunt apical spines. Peri-anal body wall with single and multi-layered scale ossicles, tables with multiperforate discs, tube foot support tables differing from mid-body. Tentacles and introvert with fine rods, tables and rosettes; largest rods with bifurcate ends, rods up to 90 µm long; table discs with many perforations, up to about 20; rosettes typically oval, about 30 µm long; rods and rosettes inter-grade in form. Live colour pale brown to yellow with irregular red to brown patches on body and some tube feet; preserved colour off-white with red-brown to brown patches on body and some tube feet. Distribution. North Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound and King George River region, 40–46 m (this work); Houtman Abrolhos, WA, to Double Island Point, Queensland, 0–60 m (Rowe & Gates 1995). Family Thyonidiidae Heding & Panning, 1954 (sensu Smirnov 2012) Remarks. See O’Loughlin, Mackenzie & VandenSpiegel, 2014., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on pages 37-41, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Theel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 14 (39): 1 - 290, 16 pls.","Clark, H. L. 1921. The echinoderm fauna of Torres Strait: its composition and its origin. The Carnegie Institution of Washington 214: i - viii, 1 - 223, 38 pls.","Clark, H. L. 1932. Echinodermata (other than Asteroidea). Science Reports Great Barrier Reef Expedition 4: 197 - 239.","Clark, H. L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566. 1 - 567.","Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. 1971. Holothurioidea. Pp. 171 - 210 in: Monograph of Shallow Water Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London. Publication No. 690. 238 pp, 31 pls.","Clark, A. M. 1982. Echinoderms of Hong Kong. Pp 485 - 501 in: Morton, B. & Tseng, C. K. (eds): The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China: proceedings of the First International Marine Biological Workshop, Hong Kong, 18 April - 10 May 1980. Hong Kong University Press.","Cannon, L. R. G. & Silver, H. 1986. Sea cucumbers of northern Australia. i - viii, 60 pp. Queensland Museum.","Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. 1995. The Echinoderms of Southern China. 614 pp, 338 figs, 23 pls. Science Press: Beijing and New York.","Bell, F. J. 1884. Echinodermata. Pp 117 - 177, pls 8 - 18 in: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. Alert 1881 - 2. Taylor and Francis: London.","Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata in: Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Volume 33 (Ed A. Wells.). Pp xiii + 510. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne.","Semper, C. 1867 (1868). Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. 1, Holothurien. 285 pp, 40 pls. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.","Heding, S. G. & Panning, A. 1954. Phyllophoridae. Eine bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten holothurien des zoologischen museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 13. 209 pp.","Smirnov, A. V. 2012. System of the class Holothuroidea. Paleontological Journal 46 (8): 793 - 832.","O'Loughlin, P. M., Mackenzie, M. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2014. New dendrochirotid sea cucumbers from northern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72: 5 - 23."]}

Actinocucumis longipedes H. L. Clark, 1938 Table 1; appendix 1; figure 25a Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_40, WAM station no 10, barcode 10000683, from -15.339415 124.160692 46 m to -15.33941 124.161459 46 m, 16 Mar 2015, WAM Z89061 (1). Actinocucumis solanderi O’Loughlin, 2014 (in O’Loughlin, Mackenzie & VandenSpiegel, 2014) Table 1; appendix 1; figure 25b Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no LIN_46, WAM station no 3, barcode 10000111, from -15.399083 124.345337 41 m to -15.398828 124.345572 42 m, 15 Mar 2015, WAM Z89062 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no LIN_36, WAM station no 17, barcode 10001112, from -15.220444 124.320894 50 m to -15.220159 124.320648 50 m, 18 Mar 2015, WAM Z89063 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_69, WAM station no 41, barcode 10002832, from -15.747648 124.146502 43 m to -15.747285 124.14634 43 m, 26 Mar 2015, WAM Z89064 (1)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 41, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia: an account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls.","O'Loughlin, P. M., Mackenzie, M. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2014. New dendrochirotid sea cucumbers from northern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72: 5 - 23."]}

Havelockia Pearson, 1903 Havelockia Pearson, 1903: 198.— Panning, 1949: 466, 468.— Rowe (in Rowe & Gates), 1995: 310. Pentathyone Clark, H. L., 1938: 458–459.—1946: 386, 396.— Panning, 1949: 459. Diagnosis (after Thandar 1989). Calcareous ring short, stout, only anterior projections of radial and inter-radial plates free; posterior paired process of radial plates divided into several pieces. Body wall ossicles tables with squarish to oval discs, usually perforated by four large central and four smaller peripheral perforations, that are sometimes reduced or absent; spire of two pillars joined at apex and terminating in a few blunt teeth. Remarks. Thandar (1989) has discussed the above generic synonymy by Panning (1949), and the replacement of the type species Havelockia herdmani Pearson, 1903 by the senior synonym Havelockia versicolor (Semper, 1867)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 32, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Pearson, J. 1903. Report on the Holothuroidea collected by Prof. Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. 1, Supplement 5: 181 - 208, pls. 1 - 3.","Panning, A. 1949. Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie Geographie Tiere 78: 404 - 470.","Thandar, A. S. 1989. The sclerodactylid holothurians of southern Africa, with the erection of one new subfamily and two new genera. South African Journal Zoology 24 (4): 290 - 304.","Semper, C. 1867 (1868). Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. 1, Holothurien. 285 pp, 40 pls. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig."]}

Hemithyone semperi (Bell, 1884) Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_56, WAM station no 20, barcode 10001531, from -15.376537 124.192773 35 m to -15.376196 124.192071 35 m, 19 Mar 2015, WAM Z89055 (1). Remarks. We have retained Hemithyone semperi (Bell, 1884) in family Thyonidae and subfamily Thyoninae, but with major reservations. The species does have a composite calcareous ring, but the tube feet are radial and the species lacks table and cup ossicles and has predominantly very open fenestrated ellipsoids in the body wall. Smirnov (2012) remarked “it is possible that Hemithyone Pawson, 1963 does not belong to Thyonidae ”. We await generic evidence for a review of its higher taxon referral., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 35, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Bell, F. J. 1884. Echinodermata. Pp 117 - 177, pls 8 - 18 in: Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the Voyage of H. M. S. Alert 1881 - 2. Taylor and Francis: London.","Smirnov, A. V. 2012. System of the class Holothuroidea. Paleontological Journal 46 (8): 793 - 832.","Pawson, D. L. 1963. The holothurian fauna of Cook Strait, New Zealand. Zoology Publications Victoria University, Wellington 36: 1 - 38, pls. 1 - 7."]}

Synaptula recta (Semper, 1867) Table 1; appendix 1; figure 29b Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no LIN_35, WAM station no 11, barcode 10000777, from -15.363088 124.443893 37 m to -15.362756 124.443995 37 m, 17 Mar 2015, WAM Z89074 (1); same data, barcode 10000919, WAM Z89075 (1)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on pages 43-44, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Semper, C. 1867 (1868). Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. 1, Holothurien. 285 pp, 40 pls. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.","Lampert, K. 1885. Die Seewalzen. Holothurioidea. Eine Systematiche Monographie. In Semper, C. (ed.) Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen 4 (3): 312 pp, 1 pl, 3 figs. Wiesbaden."]}

Cercodemas Selenka, 1867 Cercodemas Selenka, 1867: 343.—Rowe (in Rowe & Gates), 1995: 271. Remarks. Rowe (in Rowe & Gates 1995) raised genus Cercodemas out of synonymy., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 16, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Selenka, E. 1867. Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 17 (2): 291 - 374, pls 17 - 20.","Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata in: Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Volume 33 (Ed A. Wells.). Pp xiii + 510. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne."]}

Protankyra torquea O’Loughlin sp. nov. Zoobank LSID. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 94FD3258-AAE8-48F3-939F-444D8ECC70FD Table 1; appendix 1; figure 28 Material examined. Holotype. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_48, WAM station no 4, barcode 10000142, from -15.39822 124.28823 23.2 m to -15.39864 124.28950 28.6 m, 15 Mar 2015, WAM Z89071. Description (preserved in 95% ethanol). Anterior end only of synaptid species, 26 mm long, up to 16 mm diameter; body wall firm to hard, thick, opaque, not translucent; tentacles 12, trunks elongate, each with two pairs of closely placed distal digits, distal end of tentacles with short, thick papilla-like end; four polian vesicles detected; ciliated funnels not detected at base of dorsal mesentery or along coelomic inter-radii; longitudinal muscles broad, thick, rounded, undivided. Body wall ossicles anchors, anchor plates, short rods, miliary granules. Anchors irregular in form, similar sizes, up to 304 µm long, base of stocks variably indented, variably finely toothed, lateral ends of stock with raised rounded elevations, shaft variably constricted near base, anchor vertex lacking knobs, arms with 3–5 outer anteriorly pointed spines. Anchor plates irregularly heart-shaped, breadth and height sub-equal, size slightly variable, plates 230–260 µm long, perforations (excluding basally) up to about 30, irregular in size, basal perforations numerous and small, fine teeth on inner margin of perforations numerous to rare to absent, plates lacking significantly larger central perforations, margin of plates incomplete and irregular, irregular bow across posterior end of plates. Short curved rods abundant, of variable form, some curved inwards distally, some with distal swellings, some bluntly denticulate on inner margin, rods up to about 30 µm long. Some miliary ‘granules’ found in body wall, not abundant, thin oval flat plates, some dumbbell shaped, up to about 30 µm long. Tentacles with miliary ‘granules’ and rods, as in body wall. Longitudinal muscles with abundant miliary ‘granules’ only, ‘granules’ as in body wall and tentacles. Live body colour off-white with irregular red-brown transverse patches, tentacle trunks as for body, digits pale yellow; preserved body colour off-white with irregular pale brown patches. Distribution. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, 23– 29 m. Etymology. Named torquea from the Latin torqueo (irregular), with reference to the irregular form of the typically incomplete margin of anchor plates, and irregular form of the anchor stock bases. Remarks. The specimen comprises an anterior end only, is strongly contracted, and the alimentary canal and mesentery are mostly eviscerated. These factors might account for the apparent absence of ciliated funnels. Three Protankyra species are reported from northern Australia by Rowe (in Rowe & Gates 1995): P. insolens (Théel, 1886) (type locality Arafura Sea, north of Camden Sound); P. similis (Semper, 1867) (type locality the Philippines); P. verrilli (Théel, 1886) (type locality Torres Strait, NE Australia). Both P. insolens and P. verrilli were found in Camden Sound and are reported here. Each fits well with the description and illustration by Théel (1886). Amongst Protankyra species, Protankyra torquea O’Loughlin sp. nov. is closest to P. verrilli in morphological characters, but P. verrilli lacks rods in the body wall, is smaller, has a thin body wall, and lacks colour in the preserved state., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 43, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata in: Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Volume 33 (Ed A. Wells.). Pp xiii + 510. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne.","Theel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 14 (39): 1 - 290, 16 pls.","Semper, C. 1867 (1868). Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. 1, Holothurien. 285 pp, 40 pls. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig."]}

Plesiocolochirus species 1 (unresolved species complex) Table 1; appendices 1, 2; figures 1, 10b, c Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_4, WAM station no 22, barcode 10001662, from -15.446441 124.083021 62 m to -15.445955 124.083173 62 m, 20 Mar 2015, WAM Z89028 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_24, WAM station no 23, barcode 10001822, from -15.406428 124.125928 42 m to -15.406937 124.125369 42 m, 20 Mar 2015, WAM Z89029 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_43, WAM station no 26, barcode 10002101, from -15.488461 124.201824 46 m to -15.488309 124.201113 46 m, 21 Mar 2015, WAM Z89030 (1). Remarks. We remarked under genus Plesiocolochirus (above) that the phylogenetic tree (Figure 1) supports two discrete and geographically separate Plesiocolochirus species clades from NE Australia (Plesiocolochirus species 2) and NW Australia (Plesiocolochirus species 1). Either clade might be representative of Plesiocolochirus australis or Plesiocolochirus minutus. Identification of the Camden species awaits morphological examination of the relevant types and additional phylogenetic data, Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 27, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992

Neothyonidium (?) insolitum O’Loughlin sp. nov. Zoobank LSID. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7FCA7216-B862-4A4E-A829-07CA9DC0E23D Table 1; appendix 1; figure 21 Table 1; appendix 1; figures 19a–c, 20 Material examined. Holotype. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_47, WAM station no 42, barcode 10002958, from -15.612805 124.073033 36 m to -15.612437 124.072883 35 m, 26 Mar 2015, WAM Z89054. Description. Body fusiform, cylindrical mid-body, tapered and rounded oral end, tapered anally to narrow end, live body variably 50 mm long, 13 mm diameter, body (preserved in 95% ethanol) 26 mm long, up to 14 mm diameter; complete cover of tube feet, more numerous ventrally than dorsally, tube feet diameters about 0.2 mm; tentacles in inner circle of five very small, outer circle of 13 large; calcareous ring elongate, tubular, with both radial and inter-radial plates fragmented into a mosaic of small pieces; inconspicuous anal scales detected; single polian vesicle. Table 1; appendix 1; figure 22 Ossicles of mid-body wall numerous Thyone -like oval tables, discs with most frequently four perforations, sometimes with an additional four smaller corner perforations to create a rounded rectangular disc, discs up to 80 µm long; spires two short pillars with one distal cross-bridge, two distal splayed spines at base of each pillar, spire height about 24 µm. Tube feet endplates with variable diameters up to 224 µm, irregular perforations and margin; rare tube foot support tables with elongate discs up to 80 µm long; some tube foot support rods, similar to tentacle rods, sometimes forked distally with enlarged rounded ends with few small perforations. Peri-oral wall with tables similar to mid-body wall, but discs generally smaller, up to 55 µm long. Peri-anal body wall with tables similar to mid-body wall, but smaller as in peri-oral region; small rosettes present; anal multi-layered scales present. Tentacles with thick and thin rods, distal ends swollen with small perforations; thick rods sometimes branched distally into widened ends with small perforations, thick rods up to 160 µm long; thin rods up to 90 µm long. Live colour off-white to grey, semi-translucent; preserved colour off-white. Distribution. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, 35– 36 m. Etymology. From the Latin insolitum (meaning unusual), with reference to the unusual combination of characters for the genus Neothyonidium. Remarks. We refer the new species to Neothyonidium Deichmann, 1938 on the basis of the body form, cover of tube feet, near 20 tentacles of two sizes, form of the composite calcareous ring, and body wall table ossicles with two pillars. But we do so with reservation because of the atypical combination of two morphological characters: five very small tentacles and 13 larger ones; Thyone -like table ossicles in the body wall. These two characters distinguish Neothyonidium (?) insolitum O’Loughlin from all other Neothyonidium species., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 35, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Deichmann, E. 1938. Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XVI. Holothurians from the western coasts of Lower California and Central America, and from the Galapagos Islands. Zoologica, New York 23: 361 - 387."]}

Massinium Samyn & Thandar, 2003 Massinium Samyn and Thandar, 2003: 136.— Samyn et al., 2010: 2.— O’Loughlin et al., 2012: 290. Diagnosis (O’Loughlin, Mackenzie & VandenSpiegel 2014). Frequently semi-spherical species with oral and anal dorsal orientations; 20 dendritic tentacles arranged in two circles of 10 large outer and 10 small inner (proximal peri-oral); tube feet distributed all over mid-body; calcareous ring elongate, tubular, with both radial and inter-radial plates fragmented into a mosaic of small pieces, and posterior prolongations linked distally to form inter-radial oval non-calcified spaces beneath the water vascular ring; polian vesicles from 1 to 4; ossicles variably include granuliform rods, rosettes, pseudo-buttons and tables; table spires with 1 or 2 or 3 or reduced pillars. Remarks. See O’Loughlin, Mackenzie & VandenSpiegel 2014. Massinium bonapartum O’Loughlin, 2014 (in O’Loughlin, Mackenzie & VandenSpiegel 2014) Table 1; appendix 1; figure 19d Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_2, WAM station no 30, barcode 10002243, from -15.711306 124.315779 28 m to -15.71207 124.31566 28 m, 22 Mar 2015, WAM Z89051 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_73, WAM station no 38, barcode 10002725, from -15.945442 124.366373 29 m to -15.945268 124.367171 28 m, 25 Mar 2015, WAM Z89052 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_47, WAM station no 42, barcode 10002966, from -15.612805 124.073033 36 m to -15.612437 124.072883 35 m, 26 Mar 2015, WAM Z89053 (1)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 33, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Samyn, Y. & Thandar, A. 2003. Massinium, a new genus in the family Phyllophoridae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida) with description of a new south-west Indian Ocean species M. maculosum. Belgian Journal of Zoology 133 (2): 135 - 142.","Samyn, Y., Thandar, A. S. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2010. Two new species in the phyllophorid genus Massinium (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) with redescription of Massinium magnum. Zootaxa 2399: 1 - 19.","O'Loughlin, P. M., Barmos, S. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2012. The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69: 269 - 308.","O'Loughlin, P. M., Mackenzie, M. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2014. New dendrochirotid sea cucumbers from northern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72: 5 - 23."]}

Protankyra Östergren, 1898 Diagnosis (after Clark 1908). Tentacles digitate, 10–12, rarely 13 or 14; digits two on each side (rarely one only). Cartilaginous ring wanting. Polian vesicles 2–10, rarely one only. Stone canal usually single, rarely several. Stock of anchors more or less branched or only finely toothed; arms usually serrate; vertex of anchors without knobs. Anchor plates without a handle; with numerous irregular perforations, never with two large central perforations; with a more or less imperfectly developed bow across outer surface of posterior end; plates and perforations with either smooth or dentate margins. Remarks. We have added “never with two large central perforations” to the diagnosis of anchor plates to distinguish Protankyra from genus Rynkatorpa Rowe & Pawson, 1967., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 43, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Ostergren, H. 1898. Das System der Synaptiden. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 55 (2): 111 - 120. Stockholm.","Clark, H. L. 1908. The apodous holothurians. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge 35: 1 - 231, pls 1 - 13."]}

Order Dendrochirotida Grube, 1840 Family Cladolabidae Heding & Panning, 1954 sensu Smirnov 2012 Remarks. See O’Loughlin, Mackenzie & VandenSpiegel 2014., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 16, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Grube, A. E. 1840. Aktinien, Echinodermen und Wurmer des Adriatischen und Mittelmeeres. pp 33 - 43, 1 pl. Konigsberg.","Heding, S. G. & Panning, A. 1954. Phyllophoridae. Eine bearbeitung der polytentaculaten dendrochiroten holothurien des zoologischen museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 13. 209 pp.","Smirnov, A. V. 2012. System of the class Holothuroidea. Paleontological Journal 46 (8): 793 - 832.","O'Loughlin, P. M., Mackenzie, M. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2014. New dendrochirotid sea cucumbers from northern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72: 5 - 23."]}

Subfamily Semperiellinae Heding & Panning, 1954 Diagnosis. See O’Loughlin, Mackenzie & VandenSpiegel 2014. Remarks. See O’Loughlin, Mackenzie & VandenSpiegel 2014.

Leptopentacta grisea H. L. Clark, 1938 Table 1; appendix 1; figure 10a Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Linnaeus, sled, site no LIN_50, barcode 53713, from -15.37072 124.69674 9 m to -15.36572 124.6978 9 m, 16 Mar 2015, WAM Z89027., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 22, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia: an account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls."]}

Actinocucumis Ludwig, 1875 Remarks. See O’Loughlin, Mackenzie & VandenSpiegel, 2014., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 41, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Ludwig, H. 1875. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg 2: 77 - 120, pls 6 - 7.","O'Loughlin, P. M., Mackenzie, M. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2014. New dendrochirotid sea cucumbers from northern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72: 5 - 23."]}

Phyllophorus (Urodemella) holothurioides Ludwig, 1875 Table 1; appendix 1; figure 17a Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no LIN_46, WAM station no 3, barcode 10000113, from -15.399083 124.345337 41 m to -15.398828 124.345572 42 m, 15 Mar 2015, WAM Z89034 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_116a, WAM station no 18, barcode 10001277, from -15.261423 124.275183 41 m to -15.261716 124.275827 41 m, 18 Mar 2015, WAM Z89035 (1)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on pages 30-32, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Ludwig, H. 1875. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg 2: 77 - 120, pls 6 - 7.","Clark, H. L. 1914. The echinoderms of the Western Australian Museum. Records Western Australia Museum, Perth 1: 132 - 173."]}

Stolus canescens (Semper, 1867) Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_2, WAM station no 30, barcode 10002195, from -15.711306 124.315779 28 m to -15.71207 124.31566 28 m, 22 Mar 2015, WAM Z89056 (1)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 35, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Semper, C. 1867 (1868). Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. 1, Holothurien. 285 pp, 40 pls. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig."]}

Stichopus sp. Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, Montgomery Island reef flat, barcode 10003037, 24 Mar 2015, WAM Z89009 (1); barcode 10003038, 24 Mar 2015, WAM Z89010 (1). Remarks. The taxonomy of Stichopus is challenging today. Based on the living appearance of this animal it could represent Stichopus horrens Selenka, 1867, or a specimen in the S. monotuberculatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) or S. herrmanni Semper, 1868 species complexes. Specimens from NW Australia identified by Mark O’Loughlin previously as Stichopus herrmanni are now revised to “ Stichopus unresolved species complex”., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 14, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Selenka, E. 1867. Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 17 (2): 291 - 374, pls 17 - 20.","Quoy, J. R. C. & Gaimard, J. P. 1834. Holothuries. Pp 108 - 133 in: Voyage de la corvette de l'Astrolabe. Execute par ordre du roi pendant les annees 1826 - 1829 sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville - Zoologie: Zoophytes. 390 pp, 26 pls. J. Tastu, Paris."]}

Globosita Cherbonnier, 1958 Remarks. See O’Loughlin, Mackenzie & VandenSpiegel 2014. Globosita elnazae O’Loughlin, 2014 (in O’Loughlin, Mackenzie & VandenSpiegel 2014) Table 1; appendix 1; figures 6a, b Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_116a, WAM station no 18, barcode 10001261, from -15.261423 124.275183 41 m to -15.261716 124.275827 40 m, 18 Mar 2015, WAM Z89011 (1); same data, barcode 10001262, WAM Z89012 (1)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 16, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Cherbonnier, G. 1958. Sur le genre Globosita n. n. = Sphaerella Heding et Panning (Holothurie, Dendrochirotes). Bulletin du Museum National Histoire Naturelle, Paris 30 (2): 198.","O'Loughlin, P. M., Mackenzie, M. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2014. New dendrochirotid sea cucumbers from northern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72: 5 - 23."]}

Thyone Oken, 1815 Diagnosis (emended in O’Loughlin et al. 2012 from Pawson and Miller 1981). Tentacles 10; tube feet scattered on body wall, never restricted to radii; calcareous ring tubular with long posterior prolongations comprising a mosaic of small pieces; body wall ossicles tables with a spire of one or two pillars. Type species. Holothuria fusus O. F. Müller, 1776 (monotypy). Northern Australia species of Thyone reported in Rowe & Gates 1995 (type locality added). T. axiologa H. L. Clark, 1938 (Broome); T. dura Koehler & Vaney, 1908 (W India) (junior synonym T. alba H. L. Clark, 1938, by Heding 1940 (Broome)); T. grisea H. L. Clark, 1938 (Cape Bossut, N Australia); T. micra H. L. Clark, 1938 (Broome); T. papuensis Théel, 1886 (Torres Strait). Remarks. We note in the Introduction the recent ruling by the ICZN that Thyone Oken, 1815 is now an available taxon. Pawson & Miller (1981) remarked on the need for a revision of the “supergenus” Thyone. Arumugam (2012) has provided a morphological approach to the “management” of this “supergenus”. Liao & Clark (1995) noted that the holotype specimen of Thyone papuensis is now very damaged and completely decalcified. The original description and illustrations of the species are not sufficient for diagnostic comparisons and we thus provide (below) a description of specimens that we judge to be Thyone papuensis. We add Thyone pedata Semper, 1867 to northern Australia species of Thyone on the basis of a specimen identified by us from Joseph Bonaparte Gulf (NMV F173267; UF tissue lot MOL AF 1537). We note that Rowe (in Rowe & Gates 1995) referred Thyone perissa H. L. Clark, 1938 (WA) to Massinium magnum (Ludwig, 1882), and Thyone minuta H. L. Clark, 1938 to Stolus minutus (H. L. Clark, 1938)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 35, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Oken, L. 1815. Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Part 3 Zoologie. 850 pp. Jena.","O'Loughlin, P. M., Barmos, S. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2012. The phyllophorid sea cucumbers of southern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Phyllophoridae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 69: 269 - 308.","Pawson, D. L. & Miller, J. E. 1981. Western Atlantic sea cucumbers of the genus Thyone, with descriptions of two new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings Biological Society, Washington 94 (2): 391 - 403.","Muller, O. F. M. 1776. Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Indigenarum. 282 pp. Havniae.","Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata in: Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Volume 33 (Ed A. Wells.). Pp xiii + 510. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne.","Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia: an account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls.","Koehler, R. & Vaney, C. 1908. Holothuries recuielles par l'Investigator dans l'Ocean Indien. II. Les Holothuries Littorales. 54 pp, 3 pls. Trustees Indian Museum, Calcutta.","Heding, S. G. 1940. Echinoderms of the Iranian Gulf. Holothuroidea. Danish Scientific Investigations Iran 2: 113 - 137, 12 figs.","Theel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 14 (39): 1 - 290, 16 pls.","Arumugam, P. 2012. A critical assessment of the dendrochirotid subfamilies, Sclerodactylinae and Thyoninae, with the taxonomic management of the ' supergenus' Thyone (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). M. Sc. dissertation, unpublished, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. i - xvi, 229 pp.","Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. 1995. The Echinoderms of Southern China. 614 pp, 338 figs, 23 pls. Science Press: Beijing and New York.","Semper, C. 1867 (1868). Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. 1, Holothurien. 285 pp, 40 pls. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.","Ludwig, H. 1882. List of the holothurians in the collection of the Leyden Museum. Notes Leyden Museum 4 (10): 127 - 137."]}

Colochirus Troschel, 1846 Figure 1; appendices 1, 2 Colochirus Troschel, 1846: 64.— Semper, 1867: 56.— Ekman, 1918: 5–6.— Panning, 1949: 439.— Panning, 1971: 42–43, fig. 5.— Liao & Clark, 1995: 474.—Rowe (in Rowe & Gates), 1995: 272. Type species. Colochirus quadrangularis Troschel, 1846 (monotypy) Other currently assigned, accepted species (with type locality added). Colochirus crassus Ekman, 1918 (NW Australia; junior synonym Colochirus quadrangularis var. australoides Panning, 1949 by Rowe in Rowe & Gates 1995); C. cylindricus Semper, 1867 (Philippines); C. pusillus Helfer, 1912 (Gulf of Suez); C. robustus Östergren, 1898 (S Korea; junior synonym Colochirus squamatus Sluiter, 1901 by Rowe in Rowe & Gates 1995). Diagnosis ( sensu stricto, based on type species only, described below). Body quadrangular in mid-body section, slightly tapered towards oral and anal ends; body and papillae firm, densely packed with ossicles; preserved length up to 98 mm, dorsal and ventro-lateral radii slightly raised, each with prominent, conical papillae in irregular zig-zag rows; five oral valves, each with a terminal papilla and sometimes 1 or 2 additional papillae; five anal scales, some small peri-anal papillae, 5 longer proximal anal radial papillae. Ten dendritic tentacles, 8 large, 2 ventral small. Calcareous ring plates not forked posteriorly, lacking posterior prolongations. Dorsal and lateral inter-radii lacking tube feet; tube feet in discrete bands in ventro-lateral and mid-ventral radii, each band about 4 podia wide, ventral inter-radii usually lacking tube feet, inter-radii similar in width to the radial bands of tube feet. Ossicles of body wall of six recognizable but inter-grading forms: 1. small, shallow bowls, margin smooth to finely knobbed or finely spinous, variably bridged across margins or not; 2. abundant rounded-rectangular to oval to irregular shallow bowls, one short or long margin prominently spinous, bowls variably partly bridged or not; 3. some rounded-rectangular to oval larger shallow bowls, sometimes partly bridged; 4. larger shallow bowls bridged on one side to create smooth, hollow, irregular ellipsoids; 5. shallow bowls, frequently thick-walled, bridged to create irregular ellipsoids with inner bridging, not hollow; 6. enlarged inner-bridged ellipsoids inter-grade with multi-layered scales. Tentacle ossicles rod-plates, rods, rosettes. Remarks. Rowe (in Rowe & Gates 1995) restricted Colochirus to three assigned species Colochirus crassus, C. quadrangularis and C. robustus, leaving the status of C. cylindricus, C. pusillus and C. viridis Semper, 1867 (considered to be nomen dubium) as uncertain, as they were not assigned to other genera. With the support of CO1 sequence data (Figure 1), we confirm Ekman’s report (1918) of the occurrence of Colochirus robustus in NW Australia. A phylogenetic analysis based on CO1 sequence data shows that species currently assigned to Colochirus and Plesiocolochirus fall in two well-supported clades (Figure 1). The Colochirus cluster includes Colochirus quadrangularis (from Singapore, near the type locality, and across tropical Australia), Colochirus robustus (from NW Australia and the Philippines), and Colochirus species 1 (from N Australia, Japan, the Philippines, and Madagascar). This unassigned species is morphologically close to specimens that have frequently been identified as Plesiocoloshirus australis (Ludwig, 1875). After examining type material, Rowe (in Rowe & Gates 1995) synonymised Colochirus minutus Ludwig, 1875 with Plesiocolochirus australis (Ludwig, 1875). We hope to examine the type specimens of both of these species and then be in a position to assign the unidentified Colochirus species in a subsequent work. Panning (1971) observed that some shallow bowls (up to 107 µm long) were bridged on both sides to create irregular ellipsoids with an inner shallow bowl layer, and thus not hollow. We have not been able to support this observation by Panning (1971) as all solid ellipsoids appear to be built up on the concave side only of the shallow bowls with the outer surface supported by an inner network. Shallow bowls bridged on one side only but without an inner bridging network create irregular hollow ellipsoids. We note that Cercodemas anceps Selenka, 1867 has deep bowls that may be bridged to create such more regular hollow ellipsoids. Colochirus Troschel, 1846 (type species Colochirus quadrangularis Troschel, 1846, above) is distinguished sensu stricto from Plesiocolochirus Cherbonnier, 1946 (type species Plesiocolochirus spinosus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834), below), by: 1. absence of large imbricating external scales on distal anal cone, on proximal oral valves, and on lateral papillae; 2. absence, usually, of inter-radial tube feet; 3. absence of knobbed single-layered button ossicles in the body wall; 4. presence of tentacle rosettes., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on pages 16-18, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Troschel, F. H. 1846. Neue Holothurien-Gattungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 12 (1): 60 - 66.","Semper, C. 1867 (1868). Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. 1, Holothurien. 285 pp, 40 pls. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.","Ekman, S. 1918. Holothurioidea. Results of Dr. E. Mjoberg's Schwedish Scientific Expedition to Australia 1910 - 1913 part 19. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 58 (6): 70 pp, 5 pls.","Panning, A. 1949. Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie Geographie Tiere 78: 404 - 470.","Panning, A. 1971. Bermerkungen uber die Holothurien - Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota). 6 Teil (Schluss). Die Gattungen um Ocnus Forbes 1841 und um Pentacta Goldfuss 1820. Mitteilungen Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum Institut 67: 29 - 51.","Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. 1995. The Echinoderms of Southern China. 614 pp, 338 figs, 23 pls. Science Press: Beijing and New York.","Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata in: Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Volume 33 (Ed A. Wells.). Pp xiii + 510. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne.","Helfer, H. 1912. Uber einige von Dr. R. Hartmeyer im Golf von Suez gesammelte Holothurien. Mitteilungen Zoologischen Museum, Berlin 6: 325 - 334.","Ostergren, H. 1898. Das System der Synaptiden. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 55 (2): 111 - 120. Stockholm.","Sluiter, C. P. 1901. Siboga - Expedite. Die Holothurien der Siboga - Expedition 44. 142 pp, 11 pls.","O'Loughlin, P. M., Mackenzie, M. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2014. New dendrochirotid sea cucumbers from northern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72: 5 - 23.","Selenka, E. 1867. Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 17 (2): 291 - 374, pls 17 - 20.","Ludwig, H. 1875. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg 2: 77 - 120, pls 6 - 7.","Cherbonnier, G. 1946. Sur une holothurie de Quoy et Gaimard, type d'un nouveau genre: Pleisocolochirus n. g. Bulletin Museum National Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 2 Serie 18 (3): 280 - 286.","Quoy, J. R. C. & Gaimard, J. P. 1834. Holothuries. Pp 108 - 133 in: Voyage de la corvette de l'Astrolabe. Execute par ordre du roi pendant les annees 1826 - 1829 sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville - Zoologie: Zoophytes. 390 pp, 26 pls. J. Tastu, Paris."]}

Protankyra insolens (Théel, 1886) Table 1; appendix 1; figure 27b Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_107, WAM station no 1, barcode 10000038, from -15.514826 124.183111 46 m to -15.514503 124.183774 45 m, 14 Mar 2015, WAM Z89070 (1)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 43, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Theel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 14 (39): 1 - 290, 16 pls."]}

Holothuria (Metriatyla) keesingi O’Loughlin sp. nov. Zoobank LSID. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ED316CAC-695D-4EB7-97DD-8999F2CD33CF Table 1; appendix 1; figures 2a, b, 3, 4 Material examined. Holotype. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_47, WAM station no 42, barcode 10002938, from -15.612805 124.073033 36 m to -15.612437 124.072883 35 m, 26 Mar 2015, WAM Z89006. Paratypes. Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_107, WAM station no 1, barcode 10000043, from -15.514826 124.183111 46 m to -15.514503 124.183774 45 m, 14 Mar 2015, WAM Z89000 (1 specimen); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_8, WAM station no 7, barcode 10000403, from -15.313929 124.112518 47 m to -15.313336 124.111992 48 m, 16 Mar 2015, WAM Z89001 (3); RV Solander, sled, site no LIN_36, WAM station no 17, barcode 10001168, from -15.220444 124.320894 50 m to -15.220159 124.320648 50 m, 18 Mar 2015, WAM Z89002 (2); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_32, WAM station no 19, barcode 10001320, from -15.253592 124.203038 45 m to -15.253318 124.202302 45 m, 19 Mar 2015, WAM Z89003 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_24, WAM station no 23, barcode 10001821, from -15.40642783 124.1259284 42 m to -15.40693704 124.1253687 42 m, 20 Mar 2015, WAM Z89004 (2); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_87, WAM station no 24, barcode 10001954, from -15.448727 124.153629 36 m to -15.44933 124.154105 36 m, 20 Mar 2015, WAM Z89005 (2); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_47, WAM station no 42, barcode 10002963, from -15.612805 124.073033 36 m to -15.612437 124.072883 35 m, 26 Mar 2015, WAM Z89007 (1). Description (preserved in 95% ethanol). Up to 60 mm long, 18 mm wide, 12 mm high; body surface finely nodulose; body arched dorsally, with rounded ventro-lateral margins, low convex ventrally; strongly tapered anteriorly and posteriorly; dorsal and lateral papillae irregularly distributed, conical, with tapered to pointed ends, of variable sizes, up to 3 mm long; about eight papillae across body transversely, longest on dorso-lateral radii, about 40 ventro-lateral papillae in close irregular series on each margin; tube feet digitiform, up to 2 mm long, scattered on ventrum but in recognizable irregular longitudinal series, paired irregular series latero-ventrally, paired irregular series on each side of bare mid-ventrum; mouth antero-ventral, with 20 tentacles, mouth surrounded by a ring of about 16 conical papillae, up to 1 mm long; calcareous ring solid, widths of radial and inter-radial plates sub-equal, inter-radials half the height of the radials, with undulating posterior edge, lacking posterior prolongations. Body wall ossicles large tables and buttons, buttons more abundant than tables; table discs of variable size, shallow concave, irregularly round to rounded square to oval, margin smooth, discs 48–240 µm across, disc perforations from 8 to more than 50, perforations very small marginally; table spires of variable height, up to 176 µm long, 4 pillars, up to 8 cross bridges, spire rounded distally with cluster of small spinelets, sometimes spinelets extend along distal sides of spire; buttons predominantly elongate with up to about 7 irregularly paired perforations, some buttons with 1–3 pairs of perforations, button sizes 50–200 µm long, buttons smooth and variably knobbed. Dorsal papillae with tables, buttons and thick perforated rods; rods thick, mid-rod widened with perforations, distal ends widened with small perforations, rods up to 336 µm long. Ventral tube feet with endplates, thick endplate support rods, tables and buttons; endplates slightly convex, central perforations slightly larger, margin bluntly digitiform, endplate diameters about 300 µm; thick rods curved, widened and perforated mid-rod and distally, up to 264 µm long. Tentacles with minutely spinous, non-perforate, curved rods, rods up to 320 µm long. Colour (preserved). Body pale mottled brown to off-white, dorsal and lateral irregular fine brown-black flecks and spots, about 4 dorso-lateral pairs of large irregular brown-black patches that are partly merged at the anterior end; tentacles and distal papillae and tube feet yellow. Live colour similar but the body base colour yellow. Distribution. NW Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, mud, 35– 50 m. Etymology. Named for John Keesing of the CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, and The Western Australian Marine Science Institution, with appreciation of his live colour photography of Camden Sound sea cucumbers used in this work, and his gracious collaboration with data. Remarks. The morphology of Holothuria (Metriatyla) keesingi O’Loughlin sp. nov. satisfies the diagnosis of the Holothuria sub-genus Metriatyla Rowe, 1969: 1. 20 tentacles; 2. collar of papillae around the base of the tentacles; 3. large conical, irregularly arranged papillae dorsally, a lateral flange sometimes evident; 4. tube feet irregularly arranged on the ventrum; 5. body arched dorsally, flattened ventrally; 6. size small to large; 7. body wall thin to thick; 8. calcareous ring well developed; 9. table ossicles with smooth disc and spire of moderate height to high, terminating in a few to many small spines; 10. buttons simple, with moderate-sized irregularly arranged knobs and 3–10 pairs of relatively large holes. We qualify the diagnostic characters of Rowe (1969) to include the possibility of species with a large body and thick body wall (as in Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra Jaeger, 1833). Table 1; appendix 1; figure 5 Rowe (in Rowe & Gates 1995) synonymised Holothuria bowensis Ludwig, 1875 (type from Bowen, NE Australia) and Holothuria subverta H. L. Clark, 1921 (type from Torres Strait, NE Australia) with Holothuria (Metriatyla) martensii Semper, 1868 (type from Amboina, Indonesia). Of the species referred to sub-genus Metriatyla, the new species resembles Holothuria (Metriatyla) martensii. However, the new species Holothuria (Metriatyla) keesingi O’Loughlin is significantly different in the following ways: 1. smaller species with numerous preserved specimens up to only 60 mm long; 2. preserved colour with yellow papilla and tube foot and tentacle ends, and dorsal body with four irregular longitudinal paired dark brown patches; 3. larger tables, with discs up to more than 200 µm across, disc perforations up to more than 40, spires up to more than 150 µm high; 4. larger smooth and knobbed buttons, predominantly about 7 irregular pairs of perforations, up to 200 µm long. Théel (1886) referred two specimens to Holothuria (Metriatyla) martensii, one from Indonesia and one from the Philippines. Sizes were 150 mm and 85 mm long. Buttons were up to 140 µm long. Table disc perforations were fewer than 30. Colours are described with no reference to brown dorsal patches. These morphological characters of Holothuria (Metriatyla) martensii (sensu Théel 1886) are significantly different to those of Holothuria (Metriatyla) keesingi O’Loughlin sp. nov. The buttons in H. (Metriatyla) horrida Massin, 1987 are similar to those in Holothuria (Metriatyla) keesingi O’Loughlin. And the high table spires of H. (Metriatyla) horrida are also similar but significantly shorter (up to 120 µm long). The table discs in H. (Metriatyla) horrida are significantly smaller (up to 140 µm across), the table disc perforations significantly fewer (up to 16), and the colour reported as grey. Frank Rowe (pers. comm.) suggested that the size and form of the ossicles in the relatively small specimens appear somewhat paedomorphic. But the mature gonads that are present confirm that the specimens are adult., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on pages 9-14, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Rowe, F. W. E. 1969. A review of the family Holothuriidae (Holothurioidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 18 (4): 117 - 170, 21 text figs.","Jaeger, G. F. 1833. De Holothuriis. 40 pp, 3 pls. Turici.","Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata in: Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Volume 33 (Ed A. Wells.). Pp xiii + 510. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne.","Ludwig, H. 1875. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg 2: 77 - 120, pls 6 - 7.","Clark, H. L. 1921. The echinoderm fauna of Torres Strait: its composition and its origin. The Carnegie Institution of Washington 214: i - viii, 1 - 223, 38 pls.","Theel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 14 (39): 1 - 290, 16 pls.","Massin, C. 1987. Holothuries nouvelles et peu connues recoltees en Indonesie au cours de la Snellius II Expedition. Bulletin Institut Royal Sciences Naturelles Belgique, Biologie 57: 97 - 121."]}

Pseudocolochirus axiologus (H. L. Clark, 1914) Table 1; appendix 1; figures 15, 16 Colochirus axiologus H. L. Clark, 1914: 171–173, pl. 25.— Ekman, 1918: 26–28, pl. 2 fig. 1, pl. 3 figs 16–19. Pseudocolochirus axiologus (H. L. Clark, 1938): 456–457.— 1946: 394. Pseudocolochirus violaceus (Théel, 1886).— Cherbonnier, 1988: 174–177, figs 73, 74 (part; N Australia specimens are P. axiologus).— Rowe (in Rowe & Gates), 1995: 280 (part; N Australia specimens are P. axiologus). Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no LIN_35, WAM station no 23, barcode 10000760, from -15.363088 124.44389 37 m to -15.362756 124.443995 37 m, 17 Mar 2015, WAM Z89031 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_49, WAM station no 32, barcode 10002389, from -15.668951 124.357909 41 m to -15.669007 124.357529 42 m, 22 Mar 2015, WAM Z89032 (1). WA, northwest shelf, -12.84 125.68 88-97 m, 2 Apr 1981, NMV F112187 (1); -12.90 125.58 84-88 m, 2 Feb 1981, NMV F112188 (2); -12.90 125.59 83 m, 2 Apr 1981, NMV F112189 (2); -12.83 125.7 91 m, 1 Apr 1981, NMV F112190 (1). Northern Territory, Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, -11.54 129.82 60 m, 12 Sep 2009, NMV F202986 (1) (tissue code MOL AF 1512); -10.31 129.62 89 m, 1 Sep 2009, NMV F202987 (1) (tissue code MOL AF 1504); -11.01 129.79 55 m., 6 Sep 2009, NMV F202988 (2) (tissue code MOL AF 1507). Queensland, Gulf of Carpentaria, -11.37 141.42 35 m, 9 Sep 1982, NMV F95259 (1) (tissue code MoV 4627). Remarks. H. L. Clark (1914) noted the following features for the type of his Colochirus axiologus: 1. 90 mm axial (horizontal) length; 2. tube feet confined to ventral ambulacra; 3. absence of ossicles in the body wall; 4. bright purple colour around the tentacle aperture; 5. body colour purplish-rose. When describing additional specimens, H. L. Clark (1938) referred his species to Pseudocolochirus Pearson, 1910, and confirmed the absence of tube feet other than on the ventral ambulacra, and the absence of ossicles in the body wall. H. L. Clark (1938) acknowledged that Ekman (1918) found and illustrated distinctive ossicles in the body wall of small specimens (41–49 mm long) of what he judged to be Colochirus axiologus, and Clark concluded that ossicles disappear with increase in size of specimens. We examined a small specimen (40 mm axial preserved length) from Joseph Bonaparte Gulf (NMV F202988) that lacked ossicles in the mid-body wall but did have a few almost inconspicuous tube feet on the dorsal anterior radii (that H. L Clark 1938 had also noted on his specimens). We also found endplate support rod-plates in the ventral tube feet, and distinctive small thick plates in the nearby body wall with very small to no perforations. These ossicles were frequently dumbbell-shaped and lacked perforations, or had up to three very small ones. The plates varied in size from 40–90 µm long. We found similar small plates near the ventral tube feet in a larger specimen (100 mm axial preserved length) from Camden Sound (WAM Z89032). These buttons were larger, up to 200 µm long, and more irregular in form. There were a few anterior dorsal radial hard papillae in which we found multi-layered ossicles fragments, and large single-layered perforated plate fragments up to 440 µm long. We judge that the specimens examined by H. L. Clark (1914, 1938), Ekman (1918) and us are conspecific and belong to Pseudocolochirus axiologus (H. L. Clark, 1914). We acknowledge that this species is similar to Pseudocolochirus violaceus (Théel, 1886). We do not accept the synonymy of these two species by Cherbonnier (1988). Pseudocolochirus violaceus has the following differing characters: 1. the whole body, both radial and inter-radial, is covered with small papillae; 2. tube feet are clearly evident on the dorsal radii; 3. the distinctive plates are present in the mid-body wall; 4. prominent anterior and posterior papillae are more numerous. We raise Pseudocolochrus axiologus (H. L. Clark, 1914) out of synonymy (by Cherbonnier 1988) with Pseudocolochirus violaceus (Théel, 1886). Rowe (in Rowe & Gates, 1995) followed Cherbonnier (1988) who considered all Pseudocolochirus species to be synonyms, with Pseudocolochirus violaceus the senior synonym. We judge that northern Australian specimens are Pseudocolochirus axiologus, not P. violaceus (see synonymy above). Family Phyllophoridae Östergren, 1907 (sensu Pawson & Fell 1965), Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 30, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Clark, H. L. 1914. The echinoderms of the Western Australian Museum. Records Western Australia Museum, Perth 1: 132 - 173.","Ekman, S. 1918. Holothurioidea. Results of Dr. E. Mjoberg's Schwedish Scientific Expedition to Australia 1910 - 1913 part 19. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 58 (6): 70 pp, 5 pls.","Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia: an account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls.","Theel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 14 (39): 1 - 290, 16 pls.","Cherbonnier, G. 1988. Echinodermes: Holothurides. Faune de Madagascar. Publice sous les auspices du Gouvernment de la Republique Malgache, 70, Editions de l'Orstom, Paris. 292 pp.","Pearson, J. 1910. On marine fauna from Kerimba Archipelago. 2. Littoral Marine Fauna: Kerimba Archipelago, Portuguese East Africa. Holothuroidea. Proceedings Zoological Society, London 1910: 167 - 182.","Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata in: Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Volume 33 (Ed A. Wells.). Pp xiii + 510. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne.","Ostergren, H. 1907. Zur Phylogenie und Systematiek der Seewalzen. Pp 191 - 215 in: Sartryck ur Zoologiska studier tillagnade T. Tullberg pa hans 65 - ars dag. Almquist et Wiksell, Uppsala.","Pawson, D. L. & Fell, H. B. 1965. A revised classification of the dendrochirote holothurians. Breviora 214: 1 - 7."]}

Havelockia versicolor (Semper, 1867) Table 1; appendix 1; figures 18a–d Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_120, WAM station no 5, barcode 10000277, from -15.37669 124.248319 53 m to -15.377306 124.248179 53 m, 15 Mar 2015, WAM Z89036 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no LIN_35, WAM station no 11, barcode 10000776, from -15.363088 124.44389 37 m to -15.362756 124.443995 37 m, 17 Mar 2015, WAM Z89037 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no LIN_6, WAM station no 16, barcode 10001220, from -15.27505 124.36988 46 m to -15.27543 124.369177 46 m, 18 Mar 2015, WAM Z89038 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no LIN_36, WAM station no 17, barcode 10001124, from -15.220444 124.320894 50 m to -15.220159 124.320648 50 m, 18 Mar 2015, WAM Z89039 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_32, WAM station no 19, barcode 10001321, from -15.253592 124.203038 45 m to -15.253318 124.202302 45 m, 19 Mar 2015, WAM Z89040 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_56, WAM station no 20, barcode 10001417, from -15.376537 124.192773 35 m to -15.376196 124.192071 35 m, 19 Mar 2015, WAM Z89041 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_4, WAM station no 22, barcode 10001637, from -15.446441 124.083021 62 m to -15.445944 124.083173 62 m, 20 Mar 2015, WAM Z89042 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_24, WAM station no 23, barcode 10001924, from -15.406428 124.125928 42 m to -15.406937 124.125369 42 m, 20 Mar 2015, WAM Z89043 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_49, WAM station no 32, barcode 10002314, from -15.668951 124.357909 41 m to -15.669007 124.357529 42 m, 22 Mar 2015, WAM Z89044 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_49, WAM station no 32, barcode 10002323, from -15.668951 124.357909 41 m to -15.669007 124.357529 42 m, 22 Mar 2015, WAM Z89045 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_73, WAM station no 38, barcode 10002688, from -15.945442 124.366373 29 m to -15.945268 124.367171 28 m, 25 Mar 2015, WAM Z89046 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_73, WAM station no 38, barcode 10002689, from -15.945442 124.366373 29 m to -15.945268 124.367171 28 m, 25 Mar 2015, WAM Z89047 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_97, WAM station no 39, barcode 10002752, from -15.782865 124.378047 32 m to -15.782335 124.378553 33 m, 25 Mar 2015, WAM Z89048 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_69, WAM station no 41, barcode 10002838, from -15.747648 124.146502 43 m to -15.747285 124.14634 43 m, 26 Mar 2015, WAM Z89049 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_47, WAM station no 42, barcode 10002939, from -15.612805 124.073033 36 m to -15.612437 124.072883 35 m, 26 Mar 2015, WAM Z89050 (1)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 32, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Semper, C. 1867 (1868). Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. 1, Holothurien. 285 pp, 40 pls. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig."]}

Molpadia scabrum (Sluiter, 1901) Table 1; appendix 1; figure 27a Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1. 1, RV Linnaeus, sled, site no LIN_48, barcode 53720, from -15.32474 124.42657 28 m to -15.32183 124.42742 12 m, 19 Mar 2015, WAM Z89069 (1). Subclass Synaptacea Cuénot, 1891 (sensu Smirnov 2012), Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 42, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Sluiter, C. P. 1901. Siboga - Expedite. Die Holothurien der Siboga - Expedition 44. 142 pp, 11 pls.","Cuenot, L. 1891. Etudes morphologiques sur les Echinodermes. Archives de biologie. Paris 11: 313 - 680.","Smirnov, A. V. 2012. System of the class Holothuroidea. Paleontological Journal 46 (8): 793 - 832."]}

Cercodemas anceps Selenka, 1867 Table 1; appendix 1; figures 6c, d Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_43, WAM station no 26, barcode 10002087, from -15.488461 124.201824 46 m to -15.488309 124.201113 46 m, 21 Mar 2015, WAM Z89013 (1). Remarks. We note that in relation to Colochirus Troschel, 1846 (below) and Plesiocolochirus Cherbonnier, 1946 (below), the monotypic Cercodemas Selenka, 1867 has body wall ossicles comprising deep bowls, deep bowls bridged over rim to create hollow ellipsoids, and multi-layered scales, but lacks shallow bowls and knobbed buttons., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 16, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Selenka, E. 1867. Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 17 (2): 291 - 374, pls 17 - 20.","Troschel, F. H. 1846. Neue Holothurien-Gattungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 12 (1): 60 - 66.","Cherbonnier, G. 1946. Sur une holothurie de Quoy et Gaimard, type d'un nouveau genre: Pleisocolochirus n. g. Bulletin Museum National Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 2 Serie 18 (3): 280 - 286."]}

Colochirus quadrangularis Troschel, 1846 Table 1; appendices 1, 2; figures 1, 7, 8, 9 Colochirus quadrangularis Troschel, 1846: 64–66 (non Holothuria quadrangularis Lesson, 1830: 90–91, pl. 31 fig. 1).— Théel, 1886: 81–82, 120–121, pl. 6 fig. 7, pl. 14 figs 7, 8.— Erwe, 1913: 353–355, fig. 2a–g.— Ekman, 1918: 21–26, pl. 1 figs 7–10, pl. 3 figs 13–15.— Panning, 1949: 446–447, figs 46, 47.— Liao & Clark, 1995: 474–475, fig. 286.—Rowe (in Rowe & Gates), 1995: 272–273. Colochirus coeruleus Semper, 1867: 59, pl. 11 fig. 1, pl. 13 fig. 18 (synonymy by H. L. Clark 1946). Colochirus jagorii Semper, 1867: 60.— Panning, 1971: 42 (type locality Singapore; synonymy by Rowe (in Rowe & Gates) 1995). Colochirus tristis Ludwig, 1875: 87–88 (type locality Zanzibar; synonym of Colochirus jagorii by Panning 1971). Pentacta quadrangularis.—H. L. Clark, 1946: 391.— Cannon & Silver, 1986: 30. Pentacta coerulea.—H. L. Clark, 1932: 227.—H. L. Clark, 1938: 449–450, pl. 16 fig. 4. Pentacta jagorii.—H. L. Clark, 1932: 228–229.—H. L. Clark, 1946: 391–392. Pentacta coerulea var, rubra H. L. Clark, 1938: 451, pl. 16 fig. 5 (single specimen from Broome, NW Australia) Type locality. Coast of Malacca (southern region of the Malay Peninsula, near Singapore). Material examined. Singapore, Johor Strait, dredge, channel between Beting Bronok and Chek Jawa channel, 1.41 103.98 1.5–2.4 m, mud, coll. Tan Koh Siang et al., 29 Jun 2011, NMV F210388 (1) (former registration ZRC.ECH.0208; donated to Museum Victoria); west end of Jurong island (composite new island), 1.22 103.67 23.1–24.4 m, dredge, rock, sand and mud, coll. Lim Swee Cheng et al., 19 Dec 2013, NMV F210389 (1) (former registration SEA –3046; donated to Museum Victoria). Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_107, WAM station no 1, barcode 10000001, from -15.514826 124.183111 46 m to -15.514503 124.183774 45 m, 14 Mar 2015, WAM Z89014 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_60, WAM station no 9, barcode 10000582, from -15.311436 124.162869 42 m to -15.311705 124.162473 42 m, 16 Mar 2015, WAM Z89015 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_60, WAM station no 9, barcode 10000647, from -15.311436 124.162869 42 m to -15.311705 124.162473 42 m, 16 Mar 2015, WAM Z89016 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no LIN_36, WAM station no 17, barcode 10001114, from -15.220444 124.320894 50 m to -15.220159 124.320648 50 m, 18 Mar 2015, WAM Z89017 (5); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_32, WAM station no 19, barcode 10001331, from -15.253592 124.203038 45 m to -15.253318 124.202302 45 m, 19 Mar 2015, WAM Z89018 (6); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_56, WAM station no 20, barcode 10001420, from -15.376537 124.192773 35 m to -15.376196 124.192071 35 m, 19 Mar 2015, WAM Z89019 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_84, WAM station no 21, barcode 10001560, from -15.414697 124.059193 36 m to -15.415001 124.059918 36 m, 20 Mar 2015, WAM Z89020 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_24, WAM station no 23, barcode 10001767, from -15.406428 124.125928 42 m to -15.406937 124.125369 42 m, 20 Mar 2015, WAM Z89021 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_160, WAM station no 25, barcode 10001971, from -15.428534 124.273164 17 m to -15.428908 124.273525 17 m, 21 Mar 2015, WAM Z89022 (2); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_109a, WAM station no 33, barcode 10002500, from -15.711677 124.2303 25 m to -15.711054 124.229793 25 m, 23 Mar 2015, WAM Z89023 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_73, WAM station no 38, barcode 10002692, from -15.945442 124.366373 29 m to -15.945268 124.367171 28 m, 25 Mar 2015, WAM Z89024 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_69, WAM station no 41, barcode 10002871, from -15.747648 124.146502 43 m to -15.747285 124.14634 43 m, 26 Mar 2015, WAM Z89025 (1). Joseph Bonaparte Gulf, cruise SOL 4934, station 33, sample 29024, -11.65 129.83 24 m, NMV F201791 (11) (tissue code MOL AF 1516); NMV F173258; NMV F173259; NMV F173260; NMV F173261; NMV F201781; NMV F201782; NMV F201788; NMV F201789; NMV F201790; NMV F201792; NMV F203004 Other Northern Australia, NMV F95253; NMV F95254; NMV F95255; NMV F95256; NMV F112191; NMV F112192; NMV F113573; NMV F113574; NMV F113575; NMV F113576; NMVF113577; NMVF113578; NMV F113579; NMV F113580; NMV F113581; NMV F149742. Great Australian Bight, NMV F113582; NMV F199464. Description. Body quadrangular in section, slightly tapered towards oral and anal ends, anal end slightly upturned, preserved body (excluding tentacles) up to 98 mm long, body surface with tessellated appearance or smooth; body and papillae firm, densely packed with ossicles; dorsal and ventro-lateral radii slightly raised, each with about 12 conical papillae in irregular zig-zag rows, papilla lengths variable up to about 10 mm long, papillae variably straight to curved, surmounted by tube feet ventro-laterally and sometimes dorsally, anterior and posterior ventral radii all with papillae; dorsal and lateral inter-radii slightly depressed, variably with or lacking scattered short conical or wart-like protuberances, lacking tube feet; 5 anterior oral valves, each with a terminal papilla and sometimes 1 or 2 additional papillae; 5 inner anal scales, some small peri-anal papillae, 5 longer proximal anal radial papillae; 10 dendritic tentacles, ventral 2 smaller; calcareous ring plates not forked posteriorly and lacking posterior prolongations; tube feet in discrete bands on ventral radii, each band about 4 wide, discrete inter-radii usually lacking tube feet, ventral inter-radii similar in width to the radial bands of tube feet. Intergrading ossicle forms of dorsal mid-body wall (from NMV F210388): 1. on body wall surface, irregular oval to rounded-rectangular shallow bowls, long margins sometimes indented, four large central perforations, usually four small corner perforations, sometimes additional smaller marginal perforations, rim variably smooth or with fine knobs or fine blunt spines, bowls with or lacking bridges across rim, bowls up to rarely 56 µm long; 2. outer body wall, abundant rounded-rectangular to oval to irregular shallow bowls, four large central perforations, smaller peripheral perforations, one short or long margin prominently spinous, bowls variably partly bridged or not, up to 80 µm long; 3. inner body wall, some rounded-rectangular to oval shallow bowls, 4 large central perforations, smaller peripheral perforations, margin smooth, up to 96 µm long, sometimes partly bridged; 4. inner body wall, shallow bowls bridged on one side to create smooth, hollow irregular ellipsoids, up to 88 µm long; 5. inner body wall, shallow bowls, frequently thick-walled, bridged to create an upper surface and hollow ellipsoid, and inner-bridged irregular ellipsoids, not hollow, typically up to 88 µm long, rarely up to 136 µm long, some becoming enlarged and inter-grading with multi-layered scales; 6. underlying, multi-layered plates (scales), irregularly round to oval, up to at least 1.6 mm across/long. Tentacle ossicles (from NMV F210388) elongate, thick, smooth, perforated rod-plates, curved and bent, up to 440 µm long; fine distally perforate rods; rosettes, up to 96 µm long. Tube feet ossicles (from NMV F210389) endplates, uniform slightly irregular perforations, 400 µm diameter; endplate support rod-plates, narrow to elongate oval, to rounded triangular, smooth or knobbed, curved and bent, up to 272 µm long; spinous-edge bowls, variably bridged, as in dorsal body wall; shallow small bowls, variably knobbed, as in dorsal body wall; shallow larger bowls, margin and surface knobbed, two large and two smaller central perforations, smaller peripheral perforations, up to 88 µm long; hollow and inner-layered irregular ellipsoids as in dorsal body wall. Live colour: radii and papillae variably red; dorsal and lateral inter-radii variably greenish; ventral inter-radii pale green; dendritic tentacles ends red; tentacle trunks greenish yellow with dark brown to black flecking; ventral tube feet red. Preserved colour: pale to dark grey. Distribution. Through the tropical Indo-West-Pacific, from Zanzibar to Malaysia and Australia; 0–115 m (depth from Rowe & Gates 1995). Remarks. We have observed specimens from Singapore waters that we judge to be Colochirus quadrangularis. Because of the proximal continuity of Singapore waters with those of the Straits of Malacca, we judge that the Singapore specimens are conspecific with those of the type locality. The live colour photos of Colochirus quadrangularis from Singapore waters that we have included here were provided for our work by our colleagues Wong Pei San Helen and Joo Yong Ong (NUS TMSI). The specimens studied here were donated to Museum Victoria by the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum in Singapore, the donation facilitated by our colleagues Wong Pei San Helen and Joo Yong Ong. The description above incorporates observations by these colleagues of 139 specimens of this species in the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum. The conspicuous and distinctive ossicle form in the upper body wall of Colochirus quadrangularis is the irregular shallow sub-rectangular bowl with one strongly spinous edge., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on pages 18-22, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Troschel, F. H. 1846. Neue Holothurien-Gattungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 12 (1): 60 - 66.","Lesson, R. P. 1830. Centurie Zoologique on Choix D'animaux Rares, Nouveaux ou Imparfaitement Connus. 244 pp, 80 pls. Levrault, Paris.","Theel, H. 1886. Report on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology 14 (39): 1 - 290, 16 pls.","Erwe, W. 1913. Holothurioidea. Pp 349 - 402 in: Die Fauna Sudwest- Australiens. Ergebenisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905 herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. W. Michaelsen und Dr. R. Hartmeyer 4 (9). Fischer, Jena.","Ekman, S. 1918. Holothurioidea. Results of Dr. E. Mjoberg's Schwedish Scientific Expedition to Australia 1910 - 1913 part 19. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 58 (6): 70 pp, 5 pls.","Panning, A. 1949. Versuch einer Neuordnung der Familie Cucumariidae (Holothurioidea, Dendrochirota). Zoologische Jahrbucher Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie Geographie Tiere 78: 404 - 470.","Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. 1995. The Echinoderms of Southern China. 614 pp, 338 figs, 23 pls. Science Press: Beijing and New York.","Semper, C. 1867 (1868). Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. 1, Holothurien. 285 pp, 40 pls. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.","Clark, H. L. 1946. The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 566. 1 - 567.","Panning, A. 1971. Bermerkungen uber die Holothurien - Familie Cucumariidae (Ordnung Dendrochirota). 6 Teil (Schluss). Die Gattungen um Ocnus Forbes 1841 und um Pentacta Goldfuss 1820. Mitteilungen Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum Institut 67: 29 - 51.","Ludwig, H. 1875. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg 2: 77 - 120, pls 6 - 7.","Cannon, L. R. G. & Silver, H. 1986. Sea cucumbers of northern Australia. i - viii, 60 pp. Queensland Museum.","Clark, H. L. 1932. Echinodermata (other than Asteroidea). Science Reports Great Barrier Reef Expedition 4: 197 - 239.","Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms from Australia: an account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls.","Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata in: Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Volume 33 (Ed A. Wells.). Pp xiii + 510. CSIRO Australia, Melbourne."]}

Holothuria (Thymiosycia) gracilis Semper, 1868 Table 1; appendix 1; figure 2c Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, Ngalanguru Island, 25 Mar 2015, WAM Z89008 (1). Remarks. This species identity was established by François Michonneau (UF, pers. comm.)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 14, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992

Actinocucumis typica Ludwig, 1875 Table 1; appendix 1; figure 25c Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_101, WAM station no 35, barcode 10002613, from -15.753636 124.270741 34 m to -15.75404 124.271287 34 m, 23 Mar 2015, WAM Z89065 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_97, WAM station no 39, barcode 10002792, from -15.782865 124.378047 32 m to -15.782335 124.378553 33 m, 25 Mar 2015, WAM Z89066 (1)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 42, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Ludwig, H. 1875. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg 2: 77 - 120, pls 6 - 7."]}

Mensamaria interceden s (Lampert, 1885) Table 1; appendix 1; figure 26 Material examined. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_40, WAM station no 10, barcode 10000685, from -15.339415 124.160692 46 m to -15.33941 124.161459 46 m, 16 Mar 2015, WAM Z89067 (1); RV Solander, sled, site no SOL_32, WAM station no 19, barcode 10001307, from -15.253592 124.203038 45 m to -15.253318 124.202302 45 m, 19 Mar 2015, WAM Z89068 (1)., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on page 42, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992, {"references":["Lampert, K. 1885. Die Seewalzen. Holothurioidea. Eine Systematiche Monographie. In Semper, C. (ed.) Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen 4 (3): 312 pp, 1 pl, 3 figs. Wiesbaden."]}

Plesiocolochirus minaeus O’Loughlin sp. nov. Zoobank LSID. http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 189703BE-67E5-4212-B337-8C5B2F39D1E8 Table 1; appendices 1, 2; figures 1, 13, 14; Material examined. Holotype. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, WAMSI 1.1.1, RV Solander, sled, site no SOL 117, WAM station no 31, barcode 10002268, from -15.674833 124.279779 39 m to -15.674794 124.279012 39 m, 22 Mar 2015, WAM Z89026. Description (preserved in 95% ethanol). Body hard, packed with calcareous ossicles, elongate, square in transverse section, 70 mm long, 10 mm high and wide; surface of body wall creased, imbricating scales around tips of papillae only; five anterior oral valves, lobed terminal papillae on each valve; each dorso-lateral margin with about 15 spaced, zig-zag, pyramidal, hard papillae, up to 2 mm high; ventro-lateral margin lacking papillae, except for 2–3 smaller papillae on each of the three ventral oral radii, and one on each of the three ventral anal radii; five tongue-like, radial anal scales/teeth; five pyramidal, radial, anal papillae, not as high as dorso-lateral papillae; dorsal and lateral inter-radii with scales evident, irregular form and size, up to about 1.5 mm long. Ventral surface flat with three broad, raised radii with lace-like network of oblong scales each about 1 mm long, tube feet mostly deeply retracted, ventro-lateral radial tube feet band about four wide, mid-ventral band about five wide. Typical cucumariid calcareous ring, undulating posteriorly, lacking posterior prolongations. Ten dendritic tentacles, two ventral smaller. Single polian vesicle, gonad tubules not branched. Dorsal body wall and dorso-lateral papillae ossicles of six intergrading types: 1. surface layer of deep bowls with tapering rounded base and bluntly to sharply spinous or knobbed marginal rim, some bridged internally, bowls typically about 55 µm wide 48 µm deep; 2. thick and thin walled shallow bowls, irregularly rectangular, many with smooth rims, many with indented lateral rims, variably bridged to create irregular hollow ellipsoids, frequently 55 µm long, up to 144 µm long; 3. smooth, irregularly round to oval, hollow ellipsoids, up to 64 µm across; 4. some regular, four-holed, thickened, flat buttons, up to 72 µm long; 5. abundant knobbed and thickened irregular flat buttons, many with incipient secondary layering, inter-grading with small multi-layered scales, up to about 176 µm long; 6. multi-layered ossicles/scales, irregularly oval, up to at least 1.00 mm long. Dorso-lateral papillae lacking apical tube feet and endplates. Ventral tube feet ossicles of four forms (lacking multi-layered ossicles and buttons): 1. endplates with fairly uniform perforations, smallest centrally, endplates up to at least 280 µm diameter; 2. straight and curved, smooth, tube foot support rod-plates, typically widened and perforated mid-rod and distally, some marginally denticulate, rod-plates up to 200 µm long; 3. knobbed oval to rectangular shallow bowls, margins knobbed to bluntly spinous, variably bridged to create irregular hollow ellipsoids, bowls up to 55 µm long; 4. shallow bowls of variable size, not bridged, some with marginal and surface knobs, bowls up to 128 µm long. Tentacle ossicles of four inter-grading forms: 1. thick, smooth, perforated rod-plates up to 440 µm long; 2. smooth rods, variably perforated and branched 3. fine thin rods with distal perforations, typically about 60 µm long; 4. knobbed, branched rod rosettes, some perforated plates with knobbed margin, up to 50 µm long. Live body colour very pale yellow to off-white, dorso-lateral papillae and oral valves reddish-orange, ventral radii greenish yellow; preserved colour off-white. Distribution. Northwest Western Australia, Kimberley Region, Camden Sound, 39 m. Etymology. From the Latin minae (“parapets”), with reference to the parapet-like hard papillae on the dorso-lateral margins of the body in lateral view. Remarks. The phylogenetic tree (Figure 1) includes a CO1 sequence for the new species, Plesiocolochirus minaeus O’Loughlin, within the congeneric clade of Plesiocolochirus species. This sequence is understandably remote from the Plesiocolochirus challengeri clade that we anticipate on morphological grounds will be a clade close to Plesiocolochirus spinosus. The morphological characters that distinguish Plesiocolochirus minaeus O’Loughlin sp. nov. from other Plesiocolochirus species are the: 1. pyramidal, firm, dorso-lateral papillae; 2. complete absence of a ventro-lateral raised firm papillae; 3. absence of inter-radial tube feet; 4. presence of imbricating scales at tips of dorso-lateral papillae only; 5. abundance of knobbed and thickened irregular buttons in the body wall, many with incipient secondary layering, inter-grading with small multi-layered scales; 6. ventral tube feet surrounded by a ring of about four ellipsoidal scales, not penetrating scales; 7. live colour of red dorso-lateral papillae on off-white body. We note the presence of tentacle rosettes in the new species. This indicates that the presence or absence of tentacle rosettes is not a sound generic diagnostic character for genera Colochirus and Plesiocolochirus. We also note the presence of two Pilumnidae crabs in the coelom of the holotype of the new species., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Harding 1, Caroline & Paulay, Gustav, 2016, The sea cucumbers of Camden Sound in northwest Australia, including four new species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), pp. 7-52 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75 on pages 27-30, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.02, http://zenodo.org/record/8075992

Sigmodota magdarogera O���Loughlin sp. nov. Figures 1���4; key Material examined. Holotype. Antarctica, Weddell Sea, station ���North-West Brunt Shelf���, AGT 64, 75.091��� 75.09233 ��S, 32.21768 ��� 32.21767 ��W, agassiz trawl 610.62���611.83 m, BAS cruise JR 275 RRS James Clark Ross, collected by M. Mackenzie et al., 24 /02/ 2012, NHMUK 2014.32. Paratypes. Antarctica, Weddell Sea, station ���West Brunt Shelf 2 ���, AGT 59, 75.2658��� 75.26645 ��S, 31.14481��� 31.15042 ��W, agassiz trawl 607.1���610.24 m, BAS cruise JR 275 RRS James Clark Ross, collected by M. Mackenzie et al., 23 /02/ 2012, NHMUK 2014.33 ��� 39 (7), NMV F 218844 (1), NMV F 218845 (1), NMV F 218846 (1). Diagnosis. Sigmodotid species, vermiform, tapered posteriorly, up to 35 mm long (preserved); conspicuous dorsal and lateral wheel papillae, absent ventrally; 12 peltato-digitate tentacles, four pairs of digits, largest distally; radial plates of calcareous ring with low anterior projection, excavations for tentacular ampullae on outer side of plates, lacking perforation for nerve; single polian vesicle; pair of elongate gonad thin tubes or egg-filled sacs. Ossicles in tentacles rods, predominantly closely spinous along shafts, frequently bifurcate and minutely spinous distally, rarely with branch, rods 240���280 �� m long; ossicles in body wall wheels and sigmoid hooks; wheels clustered into discrete papillae dorsally and laterally, wheels rounded hexagonal with six spokes and teeth around inner rim continuous, posterior body wall wheel diameters 67���123 �� m, anterior body wall wheel diameters 64���168 �� m; sigmoid hooks scattered throughout body wall with very fine outer spinelets on the distal outer hook surfaces, posterior body wall hook lengths typically 133 �� m, anterior body wall hook lengths typically 170 �� m. Colour. Alcohol-preserved (briefly): yellowish, semi-translucent, white spots (wheel papillae). Preserved: offwhite. Distribution. Antarctica, Weddell Sea, North-West and West Brunt Shelf, 75 ��S, 32 ��W, 607��� 612 m. Etymology. Named magdarogera for Magdalena Błażewicz ���Paszkowycz (magda) and Roger Bamber (roger) with appreciation of their considerable collaborative contribution to marine invertebrate systematics. Remarks. Sigmodota magdarogera O���Loughlin sp. nov. is unique amongst Antarctic Sigmodota species by having tentacle rods with closely spinous shafts. The species is also distinguished from other Antarctic Sigmodota species by the combination of tentacle rod lengths, wheel diameters and hook lengths as shown in the key. Specimens are small and damaged and it was not possible to examine ciliated funnels., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Mackenzie, Melanie, Vandenspiegel, Didier & Griffiths, Huw, 2015, New taeniogyrinid species of sea cucumber from the Weddell Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Synaptida), pp. 271-283 in Zootaxa 3995 (1) on pages 274-276, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3995.1.23, http://zenodo.org/record/238175

Sigmodota magnibacula (Massin & H��t��rier, 2004) Figure 1, 5, key Taeniogyrus contortus.��� Ekman, 1927: 416 ���417.��� Cherbonnier, 1974: 610.��� Gutt, 1988: 24.��� Gutt, 1991: 324. (all or part probably non Taeniogyrus contortus (Ludwig, 1875)) Taeniogyrus cf. contortus.��� O���Loughlin et al., 1994: 553, 554. Taeniogyrus magnibaculus Massin & H��t��rier, 2004: 441 ���444, figs 1, 2, table 1. Sigmodota magnibacula.��� O���Loughlin & VandenSpiegel, 2010: 82, 84, figs 1 e, 11, tables 2, 3. Material examined. Antarctica, Weddell Sea, station ���Shelf Canyon 2 ���, AGT 39, 76.161694��� 76.16887 ��S, 27.79659��� 27.79802 ��W, agassiz trawl 549.28���555.26 m, BAS cruise JR 275 RSS James Clark Ross, collected by M. Mackenzie et al., 21 /02/ 2012, NHMUK 2014.31 (1). Description. Sigmodotid species specimen, vermiform, tapered posteriorly (posterior end missing), 15 mm long (preserved); scattered dorsal, lateral and ventral wheel-cluster papillae; 12 tentacles, seven pairs of digits, largest distally; single polian vesicle. Ossicles in tentacles rods, some with short distally-spinous or handle-like branches along shafts, short bluntly spinous bifurcations distally, rods 205���256 �� m long; ossicles in body wall wheels and sigmoid hooks; wheels clustered into discrete papillae dorsally and laterally and ventrally, wheels rounded hexagonal with six spokes and continuous series of teeth around inner rim, diameters up to 80���117 �� m; sigmoid hooks scattered throughout body wall, fine spinelets on distal outer end, hook lengths 122���151 �� m. Colour. Alcohol-preserved (briefly): body and tentacle and oral disc completely covered with fine ���black��� speckle over off-white. Distribution. Antarctica, Weddell Sea, ���Shelf Canyon���, 76 ��S, 28 ��W, 549��� 555 m. Remarks. As noted in earlier remarks, it is evident from Table 3 in O���Loughlin & VandenSpiegel (2010) that for specimens of Sigmodota magnibacula the sizes of the wheel and sigmoid hook and tentacle rods ossicles increase significantly with increasing specimen size. The size ranges of tentacle rods, wheels and sigmoid hooks for this anterior part 15 mm long specimen from the Weddell Sea are consistent with the size ranges of similarly small specimens from the South Orkney Islands and the Ross Sea. The form of many of the tentacle rods in this Weddell Sea specimen is similar to the form illustrated by Massin & H��t��rier (2004) and O���Loughlin & VandenSpiegel (2010 fig. 11), but we also observed some lateral branching along the tentacle rod shafts that we have illustrated here. This form of tentacle rod has not been reported previously for Sigmodota magnibacula. We also observed fine spinelets on the distal outer surface of the hooks. These fine spinelets may be difficult to observe in the SEM image in this publication as they appear to be slightly eroded, but they are more graphically illustrated in O���Loughlin & VandenSpiegel (2010, fig. 11). The depth of 549���555 m from which this specimen was taken is slightly deeper than the deepest previous record of 525 m in Prydz Bay in Eastern Antarctica. The significant lateral branching on the rod ossicles prompts us to refer this incomplete specimen with some reservation to Sigmodota magnibacula., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Mackenzie, Melanie, Vandenspiegel, Didier & Griffiths, Huw, 2015, New taeniogyrinid species of sea cucumber from the Weddell Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Synaptida), pp. 271-283 in Zootaxa 3995 (1) on pages 277-279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3995.1.23, http://zenodo.org/record/238175, {"references":["Massin, C. & Heterier, V. (2004) On a new species of apodid, Taeniogyrus magnibaculus n. sp. (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea), from Antarctica, living on the 1 spines of cidarid echinoids. Polar Biology, 27, 441 - 444. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 004 - 0607 - 3","Ekman, S. (1927) Holothurien der deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903 aus der Ostantarktis und von den Kerguelen. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 19 (Zoology 11), 359 - 419.","Cherbonnier, G. (1974) Invertebres marins des XIIeme et XVeme expeditions antarctiques Francaises en Terre Adelie. 15. Holothurides. Tethys, 5 (4), 601 - 610.","Gutt, J. (1988) Zur Verbreitung und Okologie der Seegurken (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) im Weddellmeer (Antarktis). Berichte zur Polarforschung, 41, 1 - 87.","Gutt, J. (1991) Are Weddell Sea holothurians typical representatives of the Antarctic benthos? Meeresforschung, 33 (4), 312 - 329.","Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 118. [plates 6, 7]","O'Loughlin, P. M., Bardsley, T. M. & O'Hara, T. D. (1994) A preliminary analysis of diversity and distribution of Holothurioidea from Prydz Bay and the MacRobertson Shelf, eastern Antarctica. In: David, B., Guille, A., Feral, J-P. & Roux, M. (Eds.), Echinoderms through Time. Proceedings of the Eighth International Echinoderm Conference, Dijon, France, 6 - 10 September, 1993. Balkema: Rotterdam, pp. 549 - 555. [1 fig., 2 tables]","O'Loughlin, P. M. & VandenSpiegel, D. (2010) A revision of Antarctic and some Indo-Pacific apodid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 67, 61 - 95."]}

Sigmodota Studer, 1876 Diagnosis (O���Loughlin & VandenSpiegel 2010). Taeniogyrinid genus with 12 plates in calcareous ring, 12 tentacles, peltato-digitate, 4���7 pairs of digits per tentacle, terminal pair longest; rods in tentacles; chiridotid wheels and sigmoid hooks in body wall; teeth on the inner rim of wheels in continuous series; wheels grouped into papillae, hooks scattered in body wall; no miliary granules in longitudinal muscles; 3���10 polian vesicles; ciliated funnels present., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Mackenzie, Melanie, Vandenspiegel, Didier & Griffiths, Huw, 2015, New taeniogyrinid species of sea cucumber from the Weddell Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Synaptida), pp. 271-283 in Zootaxa 3995 (1) on page 274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3995.1.23, http://zenodo.org/record/238175, {"references":["Studer, T. (1876) Uber Echinodermen aus dem antarkischen Meere und zwei neue Seeigel von den Papua-Inseln, gesammelt auf der Reise SMS Gazelle um die Erde. Monatsbericht der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, pp. 452 - 465.","O'Loughlin, P. M. & VandenSpiegel, D. (2010) A revision of Antarctic and some Indo-Pacific apodid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 67, 61 - 95."]}

Taeniogyrus Semper, 1867 Diagnosis (O���Loughlin & VandenSpiegel 2010). Taeniogyrinid genus with 10 peltato-digitate tentacles; 4���8 pairs of digits, terminal pair longest; rods in tentacles; chiridotid wheels and sigmoid hooks in body wall; teeth on the inner rim of wheels in continuous series; wheels and hooks variably grouped or scattered in body wall; no miliary granules in longitudinal muscles; 1���12 polian vesicles; ciliated funnels present., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Mackenzie, Melanie, Vandenspiegel, Didier & Griffiths, Huw, 2015, New taeniogyrinid species of sea cucumber from the Weddell Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Synaptida), pp. 271-283 in Zootaxa 3995 (1) on page 279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3995.1.23, http://zenodo.org/record/238175, {"references":["Semper, C. (1867) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, 1, 1 - 288. [plates 1 - 40]","O'Loughlin, P. M. & VandenSpiegel, D. (2010) A revision of Antarctic and some Indo-Pacific apodid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 67, 61 - 95."]}

Taeniogyrus bamberi O���Loughlin sp. nov. Figures 1, 6��� 8; key Material examined. Holotype. Antarctica, Weddell Sea, station ���West Brunt Shelf 2 ���, AGT 60, 75.2686��� 75.26921 ��S, 31.16355��� 31.168 ��W, agassiz trawl 614.3���616.52 m, BAS cruise JR 275 RRS James Clark Ross, collected M. Mackenzie et al., 23 /02/ 2012, NHMUK 2014.40. Paratypes. As for holotype, NMV F 218847 (1); NMV F 218848 (1); NHMUK 2014.41 ��� 43 (3). Other material. Antarctica, Weddell Sea, station ��� 400 m���, AGT 93, 74.69752 ��� 74.69752 ��S, 29.49652 ��� 29.49558 ��W, agassiz trawl 439.76���450.09 m, BAS cruise JR 275 RRS James Clark Ross, collected M. Mackenzie et al., 29 /02/ 2012, NMV F 218849 (1, grey fragment, 3 mm long). Diagnosis. Taeniogyrid species, vermiform, tapered posteriorly, up to 32 mm long (preserved); small wheel papillae, many lost; 10 peltato-digitate tentacles, four pairs of sub-equal digits; radial plates of calcareous ring with low anterior mid-plate projection, lateral edges of plates with rounded raised anterior edges, shallow excavations for tentacular ampullae on outer side of plates, lacking perforation for nerve; single polian vesicle. Ossicles in tentacles rods, shafts predominantly smooth, rare lateral projections that are bluntly spinous distally, bifurcate to short branches at ends, projections and short branches with small blunt spines distally, rods 175���260 �� m long; ossicles in body wall wheels and sigmoid hooks; wheels clustered into discrete papillae dorsally and laterally, wheels rounded hexagonal with six spokes and teeth around inner rim continuous, middle and posterior body wall wheel diameters 80���88 �� m; sigmoid hooks scattered throughout body wall, hooks in anterior body wall typically 273 �� m long, hooks in posterior body wall typically 247 �� m long. Colour. Preserved (briefly): off-white to grey with faint orange to purple tinge and very fine dark speckle on body and tentacles, tentacles cream. Distribution. Antarctica, Weddell Sea, West Brunt Shelf, 75 ��S, 30 ��W, 440��� 617 m. Etymology. Named bamberi for our esteemed colleague and friend Roger Bamber. Remarks. Taeniogyrus bamberi O���Loughlin sp. nov. is distinguished from other Antarctic Taeniogyrus species by tentacle rod lengths. Based on the data in O���Loughlin & VandenSpiegel (2010) tentacle rod lengths are of the order of twice as long (up to 260 �� m long) in T. bamberi as those in T. antarcticus Heding, 1931 (up to 128 �� m long) and T. prydzi O���Loughlin & VandenSpiegel, 2010 (up to 152 �� m long). Hook lengths (up to 273 �� m long) in T. bamberi are significantly longer than in T. antarcticus (up to 208 �� m long) and similar to T. prydzi (up to 272 �� m long). Wheel diameters are of comparable size for these three Antarctic species of Taeniogyrus. Specimens of Taeniogyrus bamberi are small and damaged and it was not possible to examine ciliated funnels. We note that many or all of the surface wheel papillae were apparently abraided off during capture and we initially thought that this species lacked wheels and was a Scoliorhapis H. L. Clark, 1946 species., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark, Mackenzie, Melanie, Vandenspiegel, Didier & Griffiths, Huw, 2015, New taeniogyrinid species of sea cucumber from the Weddell Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Synaptida), pp. 271-283 in Zootaxa 3995 (1) on pages 279-281, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3995.1.23, http://zenodo.org/record/238175, {"references":["O'Loughlin, P. M. & VandenSpiegel, D. (2010) A revision of Antarctic and some Indo-Pacific apodid sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 67, 61 - 95.","Heding, S. G. (1931) Uber die Synaptiden des Zoologischen Museums zu Hamburg. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung Systematik, 61 (5 / 6), 637 - 696. [11 plates]","Clark, H. L. (1946) The echinoderm fauna of Australia. Its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, 566, 1 - 567."]}

Chiridota kermadeca sp. nov. Figures 1 & 2. ? Chiridota rigida Semper, 1868.��� Benham, 1912: 136 (non Chiridota rigida Semper, 1867). Material examined. Holotype. Kermadec Islands, Stawell Shoal, north of Stella Passage, 30.5297�� S, 178.5594�� W, 21���24 m, SCUBA, collected S. Keable and A. Reid, 25 May 2011, fixed and preserved 95 % ethanol, AIM MA 73394 (female). Paratype. Same site and preservation history, 20 May 2011, AIM MA 73395 (specimen and slide with cleared calcareous ring plates; male). Other material. Boat Cove, 10 m, 15 May 2011, fixed 10 % formalin, preserved 70 % ethanol, AM J 24973 (1); AM J 25393 (2). Diagnosis. Apodid species up to 20 mm long, up to 5 mm diameter (preserved, strongly contracted, tentacles not withdrawn); ossicles in transverse oval papillae clusters in the body wall, clusters up to 0.3 mm long, numerous and close over all of dorsal and dorso-lateral inter-radii, few and scattered on both ventral inter-radii; tentacles 10, smaller ventrally, digits 5���6 pairs per tentacle, longest distally; radial calcareous ring plates more broad than high, 2 plates with anterior notches, one notch incipiently closed, plates not perforated, inter-radial plates irregular in form, higher than broad; 4 polian vesicles; gonad tubules in holotype longer than contracted body, filled with eggs; ciliated funnels minute, in single series along both ventral inter-radii and right ventro-lateral inter-radius; body wall ossicles wheels, rods; wheels with 6 spokes, continuous teeth on inner margin, wheels larger dorsally than ventrally, diameters 40���80 ��m; rods few, distinctly C-shaped, ends slightly swollen, rugose, not spinous or branched, 36���56 ��m long; tentacle rods typically 70 ��m long, some blunt spines along rods, 3���4 branches distally, truncate ends with few blunt spines. Colour (preserved). Alcohol-fixed specimen body dark purplish-brown, with purplish-brown to off-while transverse oval spots (biggest 0.3 mm long), abundant and close dorsally and dorso-laterally, scattered and sparse ventrally; gonad tubules white; formalin-fixed specimen pink, with off-white spots; tentacles off-white. Distribution. Kermadec Islands, Stawell Shoal and Boat Cove, 10��� 24 m. Etymology. Named for the Kermadec Islands as the type locality and only known distribution for this species. Remarks. The tentacle number in Chiridota kermadeca sp. nov. is 10, not the typical 12 tentacles for species of Chiridota Eschscholtz, 1829. This and the remaining combination of morphological characters distinguish the new species from other Chiridota species discussed with keys by Clark (1908) and Heding (1928). It is not Chiridota rigida Semper, 1867, thought to be widespread in the Indo-Pacific oceans (A. M. Clark & Rowe 1971), and reported previously by Benham (1912) with some reservation for the Kermadec Islands, by Rowe & Doty (1977) for Guam, by Thandar & Rowe (1989) for southern Africa, and by Rowe & Gates (1995) for Australia. Chiridota rigida has many fewer dorsal ossicle papillae, 12 tentacles, calcareous ring plates with pores, and body wall rods weakly branched, and not distinctly C-shaped. Chiridota kermadeca sp. nov. is not one of the four Chiridota species reported by Pawson (1970) for New Zealand: Chiridota carnelyensis Mortensen, 1925 (white, lacking body wall rods); Chiridota gigas Dendy & Hindle, 1907 (12 tentacles, body wall rods spinous distally, ossicle papillae merge mid-body); Chiridota nigra Mortensen, 1925 (lacking body wall rods, lacking ventral ossicle papillae, black); Chiridota mortenseni Pawson, 1962 (body wall rods spinous, tentacle rods smooth and not extensively bifurcating, radial plates of calcareous ring perforated). It is not Chiridota hawaiiensis Fisher, 1907 (12 tentacles each with 4���5 pairs of digits, ossicle papillae tending to be in 5 irregular longitudinal inter-radial series, body wall rods not distinctly C-shaped). We note that the date of publication of species Chiridota rigida by Semper was 1867., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P Mark & Vandenspiegel, Didier, 2012, Sea cucumbers collected by the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida and Dendrochirotida), pp. 60-66 in Zootaxa 3515 on pages 61-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214437, {"references":["Benham, W. B. (1912) Report on sundry invertebrates from the Kermadec Islands. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute (for 1911), 44 (12), 135 - 138.","Semper, C. (1867) Holothurien. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen 1, 1 - 288, pls 1 - 40.","Clark, H. L. (1908) The apodous holothurians. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 35, 1 - 231, pls 1 - 13.","Heding, S. (1928) Synaptidae. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916. No. 66. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn, 85, 105 - 323, 2 pls.","Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of shallow-water Indo-West Pacific echinoderms. Pp. vii + 238, 100 figs, 31 pls. British Museum (Natural History), London.","Rowe, F. W. E. & Doty, J. E. (1977) The shallow-water holothurians of Guam. Micronesica, 13 (2), 217 - 250.","Thandar, A. S. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1989) New species and new records of apodous holothurians (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea) from southern Africa. Zoologica Scripta, 18 (1), 145 - 155.","Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33, i - xiii, 1 - 510. CSIRO, Melbourne.","Pawson, D. L. (1970) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 201, 7 - 65, 10 figs, 2 pls.","Mortensen, Th. (1925) Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland - Campbell Islands. III - V. Asteroidea, Holothurioidea, Crinoidea. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn, 79 (29), 261 - 420, text figs 1 - 70, pls 12 - 14.","Dendy, A. & Hindle, E. (1907) Some additions to our knowledge of the New Zealand holothurians. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 30, 95 - 125, pls 11 - 14.","Pawson, D. L. (1962) Chiridota mortenseni n. sp., a new apodous holothurian from New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Zoology, 2 (10), 61 - 64, figs 1 - 5.","Fisher, W. K. (1907) The holothurians of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 32 (1555), 637 - 744, pls 66 - 82."]}

Plesiocolochirus ignavus (Ludwig, 1875) Figure 3. Material examined. Kermadec Islands, Meyer Island, rock wall scrapings, 6���15 m, collected S. Keable and A. Reid, 19 May 2011, fixed 10 % formalin, preserved 70 % ethanol, AIM MA 30358 (1); AM J 24974 (2). Remarks. As recorded by Rowe and Gates (1995), Plesiocolochirus ignavus (Ludwig, 1875) is found across southern Australia, and in our experience is one of the most abundant holothuroids. O���Loughlin & Alcock (2000) reported its occurrence in New Zealand in Hauraki Gulf (20 m) on the NE of the North Island, and in Dusky Sound (11���18 m). The Kermadec specimens are not the tropical species Plesiocolochirus australis (Ludwig, 1875) of northern Australia. Its occurrence on the Kermadec Islands is an extension of its distribution., Published as part of O'Loughlin, P Mark & Vandenspiegel, Didier, 2012, Sea cucumbers collected by the Kermadec Biodiscovery Expedition 2011 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida and Dendrochirotida), pp. 60-66 in Zootaxa 3515 on page 63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214437, {"references":["Ludwig, H. (1875) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Holothurien. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologisch-Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg, 2, 77 - 118, pls 6, 7.","Rowe, F. W. E. & Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33, i - xiii, 1 - 510. CSIRO, Melbourne.","O'Loughlin, P. M. & Alcock, N. (2000) The New Zealand Cucumariidae (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 58 (1), 1 - 24."]}