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Despite the efforts of initial teacher education institutes (ITEs) to incorporate technology into their curricula, pre-service teachers (PSTs) feel insufficiently prepared to use technology effectively when teaching. To prepare PSTs to use technology in their future teaching practice, teacher educators (TEs), as second-order teachers, must both teach with technology themselves and teach about the use of technology in education. In this study, we investigate TEs' use of technology, the extent to which TEs teach about different aspects of teaching with technology, and which groups of TEs can be identified based on these results. An online survey among 172 TEs at a Dutch University of Applied Sciences revealed major differences in how TEs teach with technology and which aspects of teaching with technology they address to prepare their students for their future teaching practice. Most TEs do not use technology regularly to support self-regulated learning or to provide differentiated instruction, nor do they prepare their students to do so. Three groups of TEs were identified: forerunners, a middle group, and laggards. Further research is needed to untangle the contributing factors explaining the differences between these groups, such as TEs' competences and possibilities for professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is little consensus about the nature of teachers' digital competencies in Higher Education. Moreover, existing digital competence frameworks have largely been developed for teachers in secondary education. In response to this, the current study focuses on developing and validating a framework of digital competencies for teachers in Higher Education. First, a review was conducted to determine the state of digital competence research regarding dimensions and definition of digital competence. In a next step, similarities and differences between existing digital competence frameworks were identified. Based on the outcomes of the review and the framework comparison, a framework was developed in an iterative process through expert meetings with policy makers, experts in the field of educational technology, and validated with practitioners. The new framework includes four dimensions of teachers' digital competencies: (1) Teaching practice, (2) Empowering students for a digital society, (3) Teachers' digital literacy, and (4) Teachers' professional development. The resulting Higher Education Digital Competence (HeDiCom) framework will provide guidance and clearer expectations of teachers' digital competency. Ultimately, improving teachers' digital competencies will contribute to improving the quality of digital competencies of the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]