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Knowledge transfer is considered the efficient way to improve regional innovation, but relatively little is known about how the innovation efficiency of scientific and technological (S&T) talents is affected by knowledge transfer within institutional environment, particularly, limited studies carried out regional differentiation analysis. Using panel data from 30 provinces in China between 2005 and 2017, this article empirically tests the influence of the institutional environment on knowledge transfer and analyses its impact between knowledge transfer and innovation efficiency of S&T talents in China. The results show knowledge transfer can significantly improve both the scientific and the economic innovation efficiency of S&T talents. Moreover, the effects of knowledge transfer on the innovation efficiency of S&T talents in eastern, central and western China had heterogeneity. Formal and informal institutions play mediating roles between knowledge transfer and innovation efficiency of S&T talents. This study contributes to the literature by constructing an econometric model with identified variables to test the impact of knowledge transfer on the innovation efficiency of S&T talents in China, in addition, the equation about knowledge transfer was explored. The research findings are valuable to regional governments and policymakers; our empirical evidence helps to develop more efficient strategy and policy planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The positive relationship between knowledge transfer and knowledge innovation is recognized by most scholars, while knowledge heterogeneity, as a knowledge situation of the enterprise organization, affects knowledge transfer within enterprise organizations. Therefore, as a state, knowledge transfer can be regarded as a result of knowledge heterogeneity, and it becomes the intermediary state between knowledge heterogeneity and knowledge innovation. The organizational structure of individuals within an enterprise organization may affect these three elements and their interrelationships. In this paper, data are collected by means of on-the-spot investigation and a network questionnaire for analysis. The results show that the microstructure state of the individual in the enterprise organization plays a moderating role for the first three elements. The lower that the micro-restriction of the individual is, the more favorable the knowledge heterogeneity is for the inverted U-shaped impact of knowledge transfer and knowledge innovation and the more favorable the occurrence of knowledge innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do technological revolutions affect the rise and fall of great powers? Scholars have long observed that major technological breakthroughs disrupt economic power balances, yet they rarely investigate how this process occurs. Existing studies establish that a nation's success in adapting to revolutionary technologies is determined by the fit between its institutions and the demands of these technologies. The standard explanation emphasizes institutions suited for monopolizing innovation in new, fast-growing industries (leading sectors). I outline an alternative pathway based on general-purpose technologies (GPTs), foundational advances that boost productivity only after an extended diffusion process across many sectors. Specifically, GPT diffusion demands institutional adaptations that widen the base of engineering skills associated with a GPT. To test this argument, I set the GPT mechanism against the leading-sector mechanism across three cases, which correspond to past industrial revolutions: Britain's rise to preeminence in the early nineteenth century; the United States's overtaking of Britain before World War I; Japan's challenge to US technological dominance in the late twentieth century. The findings support a novel explanation for technology-driven power transitions, directly bearing on how emerging technologies like AI, which some regard as driving a fourth industrial revolution, could influence a possible US–China power transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early industrialization of the developed countries has enabled their leadership in technological innovation, including environmentally sound technologies. ESTs are technologies that help prevent, control, or reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Endorsed as an integral part of climate action, a binding obligation to ensure access for global south to these technologies remains missing from international environment law and international intellectual property rights law. Transfer of technology also faces certain economic barriers such as lack of infrastructure and human resources that enable adoption and absorption of ESTs. Moreover, there exists ideological differences between developed countries and developing and least developed countries regarding mechanism of technology transfer, creating an impasse in international negotiations to achieve EST transfer. In this paper the author has attempted to reframe the discussion on transfer of ESTs through a climate justice perspective. An incorporation of the practical aspects of the common but differentiated responsibilities of the developed countries into the TRIPS regime, in the form of binding obligations to technology transfer and financial assistance, or relaxations in patent protections, may provide adequate resolution. A balanced and rational approach to EST transfer, beyond the exigencies of global politics, is necessary for the continued prosperity of the Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study identifies and discusses strategies for enhancing the efficiency of technology transferring from university to the industrial sector, concerning activities carried out by Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs). The study answers two research questions: (i) What barriers hamper academic research transferring to industry? (ii) What are the inbound and outbound strategies for transferring academic research results to industry? Our findings show that the main barriers that hamper technology transfer are related to organisational, technical, human, and cultural factors comprising the academic and industrial environments. Regarding strategies, our findings reveal a comprehensive list of inbound and outbound strategies that might be implemented to cope with the ambidextrous nature of the TTOs and increase technology transfer. Finally, we discuss our findings and the relationship between the main barriers and the boundary-spanning strategies to support a more effective Technology Transfer process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research sought to develop a structured methodology for transferring resilience resources and safety innovation across industrial sectors, specifically, from aviation to maritime. As transportation sectors struggle to adapt to new economic realities and seek to prosper in new operational contexts there is a need to preserve resources and invest in change initiatives which will derive meaningful impact. A structured methodology to guide a principled transfer of safety solutions across sectors would be a sustainable method of improving the resilience of the sector. An action research approach was adopted. A five-step methodology was developed in cooperation with three maritime organisations to identify challenges and resilience resources from aviation which could be feasibly transferred and implemented. Five steps were identified as being key to a principled transfer of resilience resources from aviation to maritime. They were as follows: (1) industry comparison and database of aviation resilience resources; (2) maritime user needs and gap analysis, and resilience resources evaluation and selection; (3) scenarios production and resources mapping onto scenarios; (4) feasibility analysis; and (5) implementation plan. The results highlight the utility of combining bottom-up (identifying problems) and top-down (identifying a database of resources) approaches at the outset. A comprehensive workshop-based feasibility analysis is also key to ensuring the identified resources can be effectively implemented in the destination sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wave of the digital era, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has emerged as the primary tool for intelligent construction and digital transformation in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. China's focus on policy guidance for the dissemination and application of BIM technology has promoted high-quality development and technological innovation in the AEC industry. However, few studies have described the multi-dimensional evolution picture of BIM technology policy in China, and lack of effective grasp and prediction of policy evolution law and future direction. An improved policy quantitative analysis framework is built using natural language processing (NLP) based on deep learning in this paper. The dynamic characteristics of 242 Chinese BIM technology policy documents from 1998 to 2022 in the PKULAW database are quantitatively analyzed by the framework, and the four-stage integrated evolution of Chinese BIM technology policy is quantitatively mapped in a visual form through network analysis and dynamic topic model (DTM). Furthermore, this research conducts a comprehensive discussion from three dimensions, providing valuable insights for policy makers and industry participants in China. The findings contribute to the deep integration of policy optimization and the construction industry, while also aiming to share China's experience in BIM technology governance with other countries and regions. Ultimately, this study seeks to support the global AEC industry in its digital transformation and development by offering valuable knowledge and perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of urbanization has brought new challenges to the ecological environment, and the promotion of green technology innovation and development is widely recognized as an essential method to achieve cities' economic benefits and environmental protection. This paper examines whether the new urbanization pilot policies (NUP) increase green technology innovation (GTI) from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. This paper examines the impact of new urbanization on GTI by analyzing data from 285 cities in China between 2010 and 2021, using the multi-period DID model with the implementation of NUP as an exogenous policy shock. The study results indicate that NUP significantly affects GTI, and the conclusion still holds after the parallel trend test, placebo test, and other robustness tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the NUP significantly enhances GTI in low environmental pollution, non-resource-based, Medium-sized, and Central Region cities. The test of moderating effect shows that NUP has a "linkage effect" with the government's environmental attention, financial investment in innovation, and regional talent pooling. The findings of this paper provide empirical evidence and decision-making reference for promoting NUP and sustainable development of cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As China's economy progresses towards high-quality development, the construction of science and technology think tanks, with talent construction as the key, has become an important supporting force and occupies a unique position in the national innovation system. In recent years, with the rapid expansion of the number of think tank talents, how to evaluate and manage think tank talents has become a key factor in the development of think tank influence and competitiveness. Based on the experience of talent team construction at home and abroad, Taking the typical science and technology innovation think tanks of Henan Province as an example, this paper analyzes the current situation and status quo of science and technology innovation think tank talents, and finds problems in the talents, Summarize the factors that affect the talent construction and development of science and technology innovation think tanks, From the perspective of six dimensions of competency model, four first-level indicators of talent quantity, talent quality, talent ability and talent contribution of science and technology innovation think tank and 16 subordinate second-level indicators are constructed for talent evaluation of think tank. Ahp is adopted to set questionnaires and collect data with Likert5-level scale, and yaahp software is used to verify the weight verification evaluation effect. Invite experts in the field to score the evaluation indicators. The research results show that the talent evaluation index of science and technology innovation think tank based on competency model pays more attention to the standardization, integration and systematization of the talent evaluation of the think tank, and the system is scientific and reasonable. It can provide reference and reference for promoting the construction, evaluation and development management of scientific and technological innovation think tanks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the main direction of a new round of industrial technology reform, the intelligent manufacturing industry has become an important trend in the transformation and development of China's manufacturing industry. It provides a new way for manufacturing industry in China to get rid of the low-end position in the global value chain distribution, enhance its competitive advantage, and realize the fundamental reversal from the low-end to the high-end. The continuous realization of intelligent process is inseparable from the innovation and diffusion of intelligent technology. Based on this, the moderated mediation model was constructed to study the sustainable mechanism of technological innovation diffusion on the intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises, and the specific path of technological innovation diffusion influencing the intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises was clarified, through the rise of value chains under the effect of competitive advantage. Using 257 valid samples of survey data to test the moderating effect model with mediation. The results show that: (1) Technological innovation diffusion has a significantly positive impact on the intelligent transformation of manufacturing enterprises; (2) The climbing of value chains can partially mediate the sustainable mechanism between technological innovation diffusion and intelligent transformation; (3) Competitive advantage plays a moderating role in the process of technological innovation diffusion, influencing value-chain climbing. With the continuous improvement of enterprise competitive advantage, the impact of technological innovation diffusion on the rise of the value chain gradually decreases; (4) The intermediary role of value chain climbing in the relationship between technological innovation diffusion and intelligent transformation was regulated by competitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological upgradation is the driving force of social and economic development. Although technological upgradation is extensively needed, it is characterised as high intelligence, high investment, and high risk. In the face of complex market competition patterns, industrial enterprises urgently need to seek external cooperation and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. However, the current digital systems of patents fail to fulfil efficiency improvement from technology transfer to research and development (R&D) cooperation for industrial enterprise. Nor does it provide adequate support for industrial enterprises' technological upgradation. Therefore, this research proposes a systematic framework that combines nautral language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) technologies, including the patent recommendation model, patent transferability evaluation model, and research team detection model. Such a digital system of patents improves the efficiency of technology transactions and R&D cooperation with research institutions for industrial enterprises to identify related authorised patents and locate technology research teams. It is also expected that the developed system will enable research institutions to recommend valuable patents and transfer innovative technologies effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collaboration relationships between innovation actors at a geographic level may be considered as grouping two separate layers, the domestic and the foreign. At the level of each layer, the relationships and the actors involved constitute a Triple Helix game. The paper distinguished three levels of analysis: the global grouping together all actors, the domestic grouping together domestic actors, and the foreign related to only actors from partner countries. Bibliographic records data from the Web of Science for South Korea and West Africa breakdown per innovation actors and distinguishing domestic and international collaboration are analyzed with game theory. The core, the Shapley value, and the nucleolus are computed at the three levels to measure the synergy between actors. The synergy operates more in South Korea than in West Africa; the government is more present in West Africa than in South Korea; domestic actors create more synergy in South Korea, but foreign more in West Africa; South Korea can consume all the foreign synergy, which is not the case of West Africa. Research data are limited to publication records; techniques and methods used may be extended to other research outputs. West African governments should increase their investment in science, technology, and innovation to benefit more from the synergy their innovation actors contributed at the foreign level. However, the results of the current study may not be sufficient to prove that greater investment will yield benefits from foreign synergies. This paper uses game theory to assess innovation systems by computing the contribution of foreign actors to knowledge production at an area level. It proposes an indicator to this end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disruptive technology has profoundly affected the market environment and business patterns. Traditional and emerging industries are willing to adopt it to nurture their innovation activities and achieve competitive advantage. However, traditional technological innovation theory cannot give accurate guidance because of the peculiarities of disruptive technology. Thus, in this study, we explore the diffusion mechanism of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technological innovation from the perspective of disruptive innovation. We implement maximum likelihood fitting methods and the goodness-of-fit test to analyse the network's degree distribution characteristics through evolution. Results illustrate that the connection mechanism changes through the evolution process. In particular periods, preferential attachment does not work. Dominant technologies will lose their position with the emergence of disruptive technologies, hence replaced by them. The findings will provide practical suggestions to firms in facilitating their strategic decision-making when faced with disruptive technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of the technical cooperation mode in the field of hydrogen energy is of great importance in guiding technological innovation. Based on the social network analysis (SNA) and spatial network method, this paper constructs the technical cooperation graph of China's industry-university-research (IUR) tripartites in the field of hydrogen technology. Based on the performed graphs, it shows the game and evolution of hydrogen technology innovation in three stages, respectively 2000–2010, 2011–2015 and 2016–2019. Meanwhile, this paper calculates the changes of network indicators and found that: (1) the network density showed a downward trend, from the initial 0.062 to 0.003. (2) The degree centrality of the network decreased from 14.7% to 5.7%. (3) The average path length and clustering coefficient indicate that the internal connections within the network were relatively close from 2000 to 2010, and had small-world characteristics. From 2016 to 2019, although the clustering coefficient increased, the average path length also increased significantly, indicating that the internal connections of the network did not become closer. From the network characteristics, the collaborative innovation network of China's hydrogen energy industry continues to expand in scale and scope, and the cooperation relationship is stable. However, it shows the characteristics of low network density and loose cooperation relationship, gradually developing into a scale-free network. Developed provinces and cities in North and East China occupy core positions in the industry-university-research network, while other regions are gradually expanding their cooperation efficiency; however, the overall cooperation frequency is relatively low in Northeast China, and most provinces and cities in South and Northwest China are in edge positions with poor collaboration capabilities. • Network analysis sheds light on China's hydrogen energy tech cooperation via patent. • Collaborative innovation in hydrogen technology evolves through three stages. • Tight internal connections with small-world properties seen in network (2000–2010). • Network's internal connections didn't become closer (2016–2019). • Network transforms from a stable and expanding structure into a scale-free network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological innovation and preoccupation with new markets through technological innovation have become critical factors in achieving success in the global market. Currently, companies cannot develop and commercialize all technologies. Therefore, the importance of technology transfers is rapidly increasing. Technology transfer is a crucial strategy adopted by organizations to remain innovative and competitive. However, Korea's technology transfer rate is only 37.9%. In particular, the technology transfer rate from universities to companies is lower than that from government-funded research institutes in Korea. Although the fundamental approach for resolving barriers to technology transfer have been studied, previous research has been conducted from a narrow definition of technology transfer. Furthermore, previous research has focused on analyzing the success factors of technology transfer, presenting technology transfer processes, or conducting case studies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology donor diagnosis framework based on CSFs (Critical Success Factors) to eliminate obstacles to technology transfers. To lower the barriers to technology transfers, it is necessary to develop a strategy for a successful technology transfer based on the diagnosis of technology donors. This study develops a diagnosis framework for universities from the perspective of technology donors, implements and tests the framework using case studies, and proposes strategies for each stage of technology transfer growth. The framework is able to assess multidimensional perspectives, because CSFs and PMs were extracted based on BSC. Furthermore, by comparing the perspectives score of technology donors in different universities, technology donors can identify the areas in which each university is lacking in its current situation. Multidimensional diagnosis and aggregation score of technology donors offer to extract optimal CSFs for technology transfer activation for each growth stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores to what extent and under what conditions resilience can be developed to cope with radical innovations in the industrial district context. Based on a comparative analysis of an Italian and Spanish cluster, this paper provides and in-depth examination of the transformation at the firm and cluster levels at the introduction, development, and diffusion of disruptive technologies, that enable clusters to cope with it and thrive. Our findings identify cluster attributes that support resilience and propose different measures of district resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to discuss the complexities and foresight of Mars colonization. There are many pioneers competing in a space race to Mars, for example, Elon Musk – SpaceX, Jeff Bezos – Blue Origin and Richard Branson – Virgin Orbit. The analyses are focused on the aerospace industry – the process of space adventures to Mars. Design/methodology/approach: This study offers new methodological approaches – the development of a complexity metric and system innovation mode – to analyze how the complexities relate to the systemic nature of innovation. The complexity metric and system innovation model can be applied in various industries. These analysis tools can help gain insights into the strategies for achieving the diffusion of commercial space. Findings: The analyses of findings have shown that, despite various attempts among the pioneers in a space race to colonize Mars (Elon Musk – SpaceX, Jeff Bezos – Blue Origin and Richard Branson – Virgin Orbit, among others), the aerospace industry has not yet reached a stage of commercialization. The commercial space to Mars is of low systemic nature at present. Many companies compete in a space race to develop technologies on a proprietary basis. However, the highest complexity level suggests a multinational and intergovernmental collaboration to achieve economies of scale and economies of scope as well as accelerate the process of technology diffusion – successful commercial space for the interplanetary settlement. Originality/value: The main contribution that shows originality and value of this paper is the development of a complexity metric and system innovation model which can be used to explore how the complexities relate to the systemic nature of innovation and how they relate to the strategies in managing technological innovations. The new methodological approaches can be used and applied to various industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the possibility of significantly increasing the quality of the learning process by using innovative tools in the students' curriculum. Modern technologies have the potential to help create quality lasting knowledge in learners. An entrance test was made to establish the knowledge the students had before the training. The group of student volunteers was then randomly divided into two groups: a control group that was trained using traditional methods (giving a lecture) and an experimental group that was trained using the innovative training methodology created. A study of the acquired knowledge of the two studied groups was carried out according to a previously prepared test and knowledge assessment methodology. The degree of assimilation of new knowledge was assessed by absorption rate and a comparison was made between the studied groups of students. The study shows a significantly better acquisition of the learning material by the students whose education included innovative means of the studied subject. The obtained results show that modern innovative interactive technologies can be used in the educational process of health care students, as a supplement and continuation of classical pedagogical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows how R&D resources improve firm performance, taking advantage of open innovation activities in SMEs. It focuses on the mediating effect of R&D openness on the relationship between R&D resources and firm performance in SMEs. We employ secondary data of 1,046 SMEs located in South Korea's innovation clusters wherein scientific knowledge and technologies are efficiently created, transferred and utilised. The findings show that R&D resources (technological, human and financial resources) and R&D openness in SMEs positively affect firm performance. On the one hand, only SMEs with more financial resources (R&D investment) achieve better firm performance via a higher degree of external R&D collaboration. Fewer technological resources or more financial resources in SMEs can be a motivation for external collaboration. Differentiated open innovation strategies are required depending on the characteristics of R&D resources in SMEs in order to improve firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a market of technology transfer and licensing with an outside innovator and two asymmetric potential licensees where the licensees have asymmetric absorptive capacities of a cost reducing innovation. The low-cost efficient licensee/firm can only benefit from the new technology if the size of the cost reducing innovation is strictly bigger than the cost difference from its competitor. The high-cost firm always benefits from the new technology regardless of the size of the innovation. This leads to the possibility of strategic shelving of the innovation by the efficient firm. Under this backdrop, we characterize the optimal licensing contracts of the outside innovator. We find that in equilibrium, the innovator will use a fixed fee contract for some parameters and royalty or two-part tariff contract(s) for other parameters. Equilibrium fixed fees and royalty rates will also vary depending on the cost asymmetry and the size of the innovation. The optimal licensing contracts can be exclusive or non-exclusive, and shelving of the new technology may or may not happen which has welfare implications. We also investigate the first- and second-best licensing contracts in this environment and discuss their possible implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2015, the Innovative Technology for Arctic Exploration (ITAE) program has supported maritime technology development that contributes to economic growth, ocean health, and ocean management in Alaska. The program does this in multiple ways: through public-private partnerships, platform and small-scale sensor design, and research to operations, commercialization, and application of science-driven technologies. ITAE is a high-risk, high-reward research collaborative that provides support and expertise for creative scientists pursuing highly innovative research solutions with the potential for broad impact in US Arctic marine sciences. This program is funded through NOAA to support projects that may be overlooked in the traditional peer-review process because of their inherent risk. However, not all risks lead to success, not every risk leads to failure, and not all failures eliminate success. Development and growth are nurtured by risk and temporary setbacks. The science advanced by these researchers and collaborators forges new paths of discovery. While the Arctic is an excellent testbed, in part, due to its extreme conditions, the technologies and lessons detailed here are transferable to oceanographic research outside of the Arctic. This paper reviews the ITAE program as well as the successes and failures of this dedicated Arctic innovation collaborative at the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of the knowledge economy, how integrating into the network of collaborative innovation and promoting technology sharing has become the key to enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises. It is well known that inter-organizational trust is essential to technology sharing. Firstly, this paper discussed how inter-organizational trust plays a role in technology-sharing behavior. Secondly, based on "organization is bounded rational", we established an evolutionary game model to analyze the influencing factors of technology sharing. Finally, we used the numerical simulation method to verify the model. Research shows that affective trust facilitates technology acquisition and cognitive trust facilitates technology sharing. The synergetic benefit distribution coefficient influences the evolutionary equilibrium strategy of technology sharing, and there is an optimal synergistic benefit distribution coefficient that maximizes the willingness of both enterprises to share technology. Technology transfer cost and technology leakage risk negatively affect technology-sharing behavior. The degree of technology complementarity, trust coefficient, incentive coefficient, and the ability of shared technologies to transform into synergistic benefits positively influence technology-sharing behavior. The research provides a new way to solve the practical problem of collaborative innovation technology sharing among enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of the study: To evaluate in a statistical, temporal and comparative way, the competitiveness among states of the federation. Using as a metric, the volume of patents and public policies developed in the states. Being a reference for a practical and effective scenario, of solutions for a regional socio-economic development, with less discrepancies and a higher degree of solution. Having its base based on the innovation pillar of the competitiveness ranking among the states. Methodology: The study was conducted on a base of scientific journals and statistical patent reports via the National Institute of Industrial Property and the Orbit system, in addition to the technology transfer contracts registered in Brazil. Also used was the copy of the year 2021 of the competitiveness ranking among Brazilian states. Main Results: It was possible through the collected data the influence and importance measured through the innovation pillar for the competitiveness ranking among Brazilian states. The metric revealed the performance among the Brazilian federative units ranked there, identifying the possible correlation present between public policies for innovation, as well as the volume of production and patent protection. Three scales of observation were considered: 1) states in the best position in the ranking; 2) states in an intermediate position in the ranking, such as the state of Rio de Janeiro, currently seventeenth in the ranking; and 3) states in the worst positions, such as Acre and Roraima, currently twenty-sixth and seventh, respectively. Theoretical/methodological contributions: We sought to contribute with studies based on statistical analysis, as well as the collection of legislation that promotes public policies for innovation. And contributions that generate opportunities for deeper analysis to search for solutions not only parallel the concrete cases, but also to contribute to the Brazilian states, but that it is possible to gradually reduce their disparities among themselves, with regard to the search for the development of local innovation. Contributions of the association/management: It is hoped that this research will contribute to the study and exploitation of new opportunities, as well as proposals and possible solutions that can contribute to the improvement of a national innovation scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Focus on new digital technologies: very uneven diffusion among Italian firms displaying different adoption behaviours. • Analysis of the technology adoption choices made by individual firms exploring the nexus between technology, skills and the organisation of work. • Application of probit and zero inflated poisson models to estimate the probability of introducing at least one technology and the total number of new digital technologies. • In continuity with previous studies of ICTs: strong complementarities between skills and new technologies. • Results point to the importance of knowledge accumulation embodied in firm employees and techno-organizational capabilities of firms. New digital technologies are shaping the transformation of production activities. This process of change is characterised by growing digitization, inter-connectivity and automation. The diffusion of new technologies is, however, very uneven, and firms display different adoption behaviours. By using data on a representative sample of Italian firms, we explore the patterns and determinants of new digital technology adoption. We build our theoretical framework on the nexus between technology, skills and the organisation of work. We then provide novel econometric evidence on the positive effects of education and training. Among the notable results of the paper, labour flexibility does not seem to favour new technology adoption, whereas second-level collective bargaining plays a positive role in the process. Results also show heterogeneous effects between large vs. small and medium-size firms, and between manufacturing and service sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the dual regulatory role of government subsidies in the aspect of industrial generic technology innovation, and given the factor of knowledge-ecological debugging, the subsidy pattern of industrial generic technology innovation is designed. Then, a modality model of knowledge niche based on Cobb-Douglas function and a knowledge-ecological debugging model based on an improved Lotka-Volterra model were constructed. Combining with qualitative and numerical examples, this paper analyzes the dual regulation mechanism of government about knowledge input and ecological interaction under decentralized and centralized decision-making. Fundings: through the knowledge ecological chain with multi-subject participation, the government subsidies are used to regulate the knowledge input of various organizations in the midst of industrial generic technological innovation and promote the interaction of knowledge ecology, and adjust the ecological positions of different knowledge, and boost the bidirectional flow, transfer and transformation of knowledge between different disciplines, and realize endogenous development. These are conducive to improving the efficiency of knowledge resource allocation in the technology innovation chain. It is expected to improve the effectiveness of industrial generic technology innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offsite construction, also known as industrialized/prefabricated construction, is an alternative approach to delivering construction projects, compared to the on-site stick-built/built-on-site construction approach. Today's offsite construction processes often use technology systems (e.g., digital design tools and automated machinery) to increase productivity and improve product quality. These systems operate collectively and rely on information generated in different operating environments. Therefore, information interoperability is critical to achieving overall construction efficiency and economics. This creates a need to study the impacts of information loss and transfer due to information interoperability, specifically for offsite construction processes. Given this, the paper uses a qualitative (case study) approach to document the offsite construction processes and the information requirements for each process. The efforts spent on information generation and transfer are taken as inputs for calculating the information loss and transfer impact using a quantitative (Monte Carlo simulation) approach. It contributes to the body of knowledge with (1) documentation of the current offsite construction processes based on wood panelized construction and the information requirements for all involved technology systems; (2) a case study approach that can be generically applied in other offsite construction companies to capture the information efficiency due to information interoperability; and (3) a generic simulation-based approach to measure the impacts of information loss and transfer between processes. As a result, the paper proposes phases of technology adoption and strategies for offsite construction companies. This research proposes some practical implications specifically for the offsite construction industry that intends to adopt new technology systems and/or evaluate the efficiency of information handling in their existing practice, through a case study. For example, offsite construction firms can develop their own evaluation metrics to assess the information loss and transfer before investing in new technology systems, by following a similar approach to this case study. This may include comparing different technology systems from the perspective of return on investment. The approach can also be used to evaluate existing technology systems and set a baseline/benchmark. This will help management to understand the potential losses in effort due to poor information interoperability and set targets for enhancing these systems. Lastly, the proposed phases of technology adoption and strategies can help the offsite construction industry to set targets for progressive technology transformation and serve as a reference for setting expectations from a business perspective. It also helps the company to identify the required talents and know-how in the technology transformation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International technology transfer plays a critical role in advancing economic and social welfare around the world. Conventional wisdom holds that strong intellectual property rights--primarily patents--promote the transfer of technologies between countries. An important counternarrative, however, contends that weakening patents promotes important forms of technology transfer. This Article challenges the centrality of both perspectives by arguing that neither strengthening nor weakening patents is sufficient to transfer many technologies. This Article disaggregates international technology transfer into its constituent activities, focusing on the important processes by which technical knowledge itself moves between countries. In theory, patents play an important role in the international transfer of technical knowledge because, among other functions, they require inventors to disclose their inventions. In practice, however, such disclosure is often inadequate. This Article argues that multinational organizational structures play an important and underappreciated role in transferring technical knowledge between countries, even for inventions that are ostensibly disclosed in patents. In so doing, this Article offers a new gloss on the knowledgebased theory of the firm. In pertinent part, the knowledge-based theory of the firm emphasizes the advantages of transferring tacit knowledge--personal, experiential knowledge that is not amenable to codification (and not disclosed in patents)--within firms as opposed to between separate firms. This Article extends this theory in two ways to articulate a novel knowledge-based theory of "bounded entities." First, it argues that firms (and organizations more broadly) provide a hospitable environment for transferring not only tacit knowledge but also trade secrets--secret, technical information that may or may not be codified. Second, it argues that the knowledge-transfer advantages of organizations extend beyond classic, integrated firms to a broader class of "bounded entities." Such entities, which span integrated and quasi-integrated organizational forms, facilitate the transfer of tacit knowledge and trade secrets. Drawing on this novel theory, this Article argues that "multinational bounded entities"--which include multinational firms, foreign-domestic joint ventures, and "thick" cross-border contractual relationships--greatly facilitate the transfer of technical knowledge abroad. They do so even for inventions that have been publicly disclosed in patents and even when innovators would ordinarily assert intellectual property rights to limit such transfer. Illustrating these dynamics, this Article explores the role of multinational bounded entities in the global manufacturing of patented COVID-19 vaccines and "forced technology transfer" in the U.S.-China trade war. Going further, this Article synthesizes the roles of patents and organizations in international technology transfer, arguing that the strength of patent protection and the nature of technology to be transferred help determine the most effective transfer channels. It then provides prescriptions for improving international technology transfer through patent-based channels and multinational bounded entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Examining temporal and spatial diffusion of a new technology, such as digital mammography, can provide important insights into potential disparities associated with access to new medical technologies and how quickly these technologies are adopted. Although digital mammography is currently a standard technology in the United States for breast cancer screening, its adoption and geographic diffusion, as medical facilities transitioned from film to digital units, has not been explored well. Methods: This study evaluated the geographic diffusion of digital mammography facilities from 2001 to 2014 in the contiguous United States (excluding Alaska and Hawaii) and estimated the geographic accessibility to this new technology for women aged ≥45 years at the census tract level within a 20‐minute drivetime by population density, rural/urban residence, and race/ethnicity. The number of mammography units by technology type (film or digital) and density per 10,000 women were also summarized. Results: The adoption of digital mammography advanced first in densely populated regions and last in remote rural areas. Overall, proportion of digital mammography units increased from 1.4% in 2001 to 94.6% in 2014, but since 2008, there was a decline in density of units from 2.31 per 10,000 women aged ≥45 years to 1.97 in 2014. In 2014, approximately 87% of women aged ≥45 years in the contiguous United States had accessibility to digital mammography, but this proportion was substantially lower for Native American women (67%) and rural residents (32%). Conclusion: Understanding the diffusion of and accessibility to digital mammography may help predict future medical technology diffusion and assess its role in geographic differences in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this retrospective study, the changes from film to digital mammography in the United States from 2001‐2014 were examined and mapped; in addition, changes in geographic accessibility to digital mammography were evaluated for women aged ≥45 years at the census tract level, in respect to urban/rural residency, population density, and race/ethnicity. The geographic diffusion of digital mammography progressed unevenly throughout the United States, and by 2014, 87% of all women aged ≥45 years were living within a 20‐minute drive from a digital mammography facility, but this percentage was substantially lower for Native American women (67%) and rural residents (32%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to increasing the productivity of countries, technology is one of the components that will strengthen the competitiveness in international trade. Countries prefer one of two methods to access technology. Transferring technology developed abroad is one of these methods. The level of openness of the country is decisive in technology transfer. In the second method, the country will turn to investments that will develop new technology. Developing new technology depends on the human capital stock of the country on the one hand, and the size of the resources it can allocate for R&D on the other. In this study, the relationship between trade openness and R&D expenditures in G-20 countries was investigated. Annual data for the period 1996-2019 were used. The causality relationship between the variables was examined by Emirmahmutoğlu and Köse (2011) Panel Causality Test and a one-way causality relationship was found from R&D expenditures to trade openness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The literature stresses the importance of collaboration patterns and the role of public funding in regional competitiveness. This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of this subject by focusing on two key dynamics of technological cooperation. First, the authors focus on the ability of public funding to support regional technological demand through the promotion of science and technology-based innovation (STI) and innovation based on learning-by-doing, learning-by-using, learning-by-interacting (DUI) cooperation. Second, the authors investigate whether such cooperation patterns influence the companies' ability to support the development of novel products through the effective transfer of knowledge. Design/methodology/approach: The data used in this longitudinal study are taken from the Basque statistics agency's (EUSTAT) technological innovation survey, which compiles activities, personnel, funding sources, support institutions and other innovation-related aspects of businesses in the Basque region. The survey was carried out following the methodology of the community innovation survey (CIS). CIS data are used to generate official innovation statistics for the EU and its member countries and have been used extensively for analysis in economics. The sample included an unbalanced panel of 17,431 companies that reported research and development expenditure for the period 2013‐2017. Findings: The results of the analysis confirm that the relationship between STI cooperation and regional funding is positive (Piñeiro-Antelo and Lois-González, 2019), but regional DUI cooperation will have a greater impact than STI cooperation on a company's ability to generate novel products. The authors can, therefore, say that public funding is successful at supporting cooperation between science and technology agents and firms but fails to promote the transfer of knowledge and subsequent development of novel products in companies in the region. Practical implications: Following a quadruple helix approach, it is important to underline the need for public policies to strengthen the connections between all the key agents in the ecosystem (where the research community, industry, public sector and citizens are all active actors), promoting technology transfer and dissemination, as well as trust among the parties, absorptive capacity and business access to resources and financing. Thus, the design of public policies should be oriented to support a firm's innovation, balancing the exploration and exploitation of STI and DUI regional cooperation. Originality/value: The contribution of this research is threefold. First, it serves to emphasize the importance of the impact of regional innovation systems on business innovation modes and their performance. Second, it takes the study of innovation systems and their impact on companies a step further by examining the impact of public funding on the companies' ability to explore and exploit regional innovation modes. Thirdly, the authors offer a dynamic view of the region's ability to support its own demand for technology and study the impact of regional business modes on the firms' ability to support novel products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper starts with the Cobb Douglas function, introduces financial development as an influencing factor of technological innovation in strategic emerging industries into the production function, and then incorporates the transfer function into the linear model, further deepens the linear model into a nonlinear model, and chooses to use financial development scale and financial development efficiency as conversion variables. The panel smooth conversion model (PSTR) is used to study the nonlinear effects of financial development and technological innovation and find the best interval for financial development to promote technological innovation in strategic emerging industries. We introduce the economic and human capital spatial weight matrix in the spatial lag, spatial error, and spatial Durbin model. Finally, we verify the spatial spillover effect of financial development in promoting technological innovation in strategic emerging industries. The research results provide empirical evidence for the government to formulate policies for the long-term development of strategic emerging industries and technological innovation in strategic emerging industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investment in hydrogen-refueling stations (HRS) is key to the development of a hydrogen economy. This paper focuses on the decision-making for potential investors faced with the thought-provoking question of when the optimal timing to invest in HRS is. To fill the gap that exists due to the fact that few studies explain why HRS investment timing is critical, we expound that earlier investment in HRS could induce the first mover advantages of the technology diffusion theory. Additionally, differently from the previous research that only considered that HRS investment is just made by one individual firm, we innovatively examine the HRS co-investment made by two different firms. Accordingly, we compare these two optional investment modes and determine which is better considering either independent investment or co-operative investment. We then explore how the optimal HRS investment timing could be figured out under conditions of uncertainty with the real options approach. Given the Chinese HRS case under the condition of demand uncertainty, the hydrogen demand required for triggering investment is viewed as the proxy for investment timing. Based on analytical and numerical results, we conclude that one-firm independent investment is better than two-firm cooperative investment to develop HRS, not only in terms of the earlier investment timing but also in terms of the attribute for dealing with the uncertainty. Finally, we offer recommendations including stabilizing the hydrogen demand for decreasing uncertainty, and accelerating firms' innovation from both technological and strategic perspectives in order to ensure firms can make HRS investments on their own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past 15 years, we've experienced an unprecedented series of crises, including financial (2008), health (2020), and most recently the supply chain disruptions and the energy emergency in Europe, caused by the war in Ukraine (2022). On top of that, climate change still poses a serious threat to our lives and our planet. These interconnected challenges create tremendous societal problems and compromise the viability of the chemical industry in an environment of price volatility and high inflation. Thus, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has launched a series of actions to tackle this and raise awareness of the role of chemistry in solving our major threats. Since 2019, IUPAC has identified the "Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry" to connect chemical researchers with industry, bridging the gap between science and innovation, maintaining the current competitiveness of the chemical industry, as well as tackling our most pressing global challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past 15 years, we've experienced an unprecedented series of crises, including financial (2008), health (2020), and most recently the supply chain disruptions and the energy emergency in Europe, caused by the war in Ukraine (2022). On top of that, climate change still poses a serious threat to our lives and our planet. These interconnected challenges create tremendous societal problems and compromise the viability of the chemical industry in an environment of price volatility and high inflation. Thus, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has launched a series of actions to tackle this and raise awareness of the role of chemistry in solving our major threats. Since 2019, IUPAC has identified the "Top Ten Emerging Technologies in Chemistry" to connect chemical researchers with industry, bridging the gap between science and innovation, maintaining the current competitiveness of the chemical industry, as well as tackling our most pressing global challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We proposed an evolutionary general equilibrium framework on new technology diffusion and economic growth. • The framework can capture the nonlinear, path-dependent, and S-shaped technological diffusion process. • Impact of carbon pricing and life expectancy of coal-fired power is analyzed. • A well-designed policy can bring a win-win future for near-zero emissions of power sector and economic growth of china. • The framework may be insightful for developing the next-generation computable general equilibrium models on structural change of low-carbon technologies. The thorough transition of energy system is required to achieve the Paris Agreement goal. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are a common tool for estimating the energy transition pathway and the impact of low-carbon policies on economic growth. However, CGE models encounter challenges on modeling diffusion of new technologies. This study proposed a novel evolutionary dynamic general equilibrium model to capture the nonlinear, path-dependent and S-shaped technology diffusion process, and examined the low-carbon transition pathway of power sector and its impact on economic growth of China. We found that imposing a moderate carbon tax and avoiding the over-reliance on coal-fired power could achieve the near-zero emissions of power sector, avoid the large economic loss and hasten the economic growth in the long term. The evolutionary framework may be useful for developing the next-generation model, particularly for simulating the diffusion of new technologies, and their structural effects on economic dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fourth industrial revolution introduced the concept of Industry 4.0, which refers to the digitalization of the modern world and the inclusion of digital industry in major industrial sectors. Within this context, we investigated how Industry 4.0 technologies could transform conventional factories into smart factories and contribute to the development of a circular economy with significant economic, environmental, and social advantages. The primary goal of this study was to assess the potential of Industry 4.0 technologies in optimizing energy production from renewable resources. Specifically, we examined how various Industry 4.0 technologies, including Blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), and Cloud Computing, contributed to energy generation, transmission, and trade. In addition, we investigated solutions to issues such as intermittent power supply, low efficiency, grid bottleneck, wastage of excess power, and unpredictable energy markets. Furthermore, we discussed two case studies based on circular economies, sustainable development goals, and Industry 4.0-based data analysis platforms. The study concludes by discussing the challenges faced by industries in adapting to the digital revolution and the potential uses of modern-day digital technologies to advance the energy sector and society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology transfer (TT) from universities to manufacturing firms is important for enhancing innovation performance (IP) and ultimately improving competitiveness. However, TT is hampered by bureaucracy, inertia, inefficiency, cognitive dissonance, and low research and development activity. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between TT from universities to manufacturing firms and their IP. This study was conducted based on Megnigbeto's (2018) triple helix game theory. A mixed-method approach was used. The independent variable was TT, measured in terms of technology spillover, networking, and the presence of accelerators and incubators within a firm's locality. The dependent variable was IP, measured through innovation output and innovation efficiency. This study used an explanatory sequential research design. The target population was manufacturing firms in Kenya, identified using a multi-stage sampling strategy. Primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, interview schedules, and checklists. Linear regressions, hierarchical multiple moderated regressions, structural equation modeling, and partial least squares were used to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that TT from universities significantly influences IP in manufacturing firms. Universities are important intermediaries of TT in manufacturing firms in Kenya because of their improved IP and competitiveness. Universities should create dynamic linkages with industries and adopt an engaged learning approach in their programs to create greater and more unique values for enhanced competitiveness and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The banking industry has undergone significant shifts as innovations have enabled new banking services and created new customer requirements. While banks strive to incorporate innovation and change systems, they also face various obstacles. The primary aim of this qualitative exploratory case study is to determine the key perceived barriers to change and innovation in a Jordanian commercial case bank from the perspective of senior management. Nuanced interpretations were investigated, resulting in new insights that have not been previously obtained from research in this field. The analysis used a qualitative systematic approach to grounded theory articulation that inductively generated new concepts while adhering to highly rigorous standards. The methodology was based on interviews with eight senior managers. The emergent findings revealed that high bureaucracy, lack of communication, lack of employee involvement, middle managers' resistance, and risk aversion were major barriers to innovation and change. Overall, this study contributes to developing a thorough understanding of top managers' perceptions of barriers to innovation and change and offers managers and practitioners guidance on improving organizational conditions to support innovation and change in the banking industry. Finally, this study provides avenues for future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for solving systemic problems has resulted in the need for new forms of innovation. Accordingly, the concept of innovation ecosystem has emerged. Ecosystems are intrinsically more fluid than networks, which set ups the need to understand and orchestrate the internal dynamics of innovation ecosystem in order to have successful innovation outcomes. The dynamics of ecosystems, however, is not well understood. In this paper the dynamics of innovation ecosystems has been studied by applying the methodology of system dynamics. The purpose of the study is to support the creation of innovation ecosystems and the orchestration of existing ecosystems so that they could be more successful. Key factors generating dynamics in innovation ecosystems were identified. They form the elements of the system dynamics model of innovation ecosystems. The causal loop structure between the model elements indicates how the key factors of dynamics influence the outcome of ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to show how activity theory in the socio-technical systems paradigm can assist in understanding and managing system innovation. We conceptualize sociotechnical systems to address societal needs as activity systems and system innovations as transformations of such systems. Transformations result from resolving contradictions that develop due to technical and social change within and between the activities carried out by various agencies to fulfill societal needs. Along this line, the explanation of system innovations focuses on identifying emerging contradictions, resolution initiatives, and their outcomes, whereas the governance of system innovations can be carried out by interactively developing policies through successive interventions to resolve contradictions. We demonstrate the employment of activity theory to understand the transformation of the recorded music socio-technical system towards streaming, as well as to facilitate the management of the transition of the olive oil-producing sector at the regional level towards a circular economy through the adoption of innovative waste-processing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting growth in patent activity was an important stated goal of China's Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Science and Technology Development (2006–20) , and it was a successful one. By the end of this ambitious blueprint, China had witnessed enormous growth in the number of granted patents, especially those granted to public universities. This vital role played by universities in technology innovation justifies further research on the role of academia with respect to the development of technology. However, most studies on patenting by Chinese universities are limited in terms of research scale and context, and patent performance is seldom investigated in great detail. This study first presents an overall analysis of the utility patents granted to Chinese public universities (not utility model patents). Then, we compare the patent performance of two elite university groups: Project 985 universities in China and member institutions of the Association of American Universities (AAU) in the USA. Our results show that Chinese universities account for a high proportion of the total patents granted in China, and the number of patents granted to universities has grown rapidly in recent decades, making them a very substantial contributor to China's innovation system. However, the value of patents did not improve as their counts surged. Compared to AAU universities, the technological and economic value of patents held by Project 985 universities is considerably lower, even for the top-patenting universities in China. These findings extend our understanding of technological innovation activity in China's academic landscape and might inspire future policies toward patent quality and impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fragmentation of the literature on intermediaries between the university and industry has led to a disorganised and confused theoretical landscape. This research addresses this gap in the literature by proposing an analytical tool that can be used as guidance. For this purpose, this work provides a taxonomy of these intermediaries and classifies them into five different classes. To this end, we review 125 studies on university–industry cooperation (UIC) intermediaries. In addition to the general and innovation-related information, we extracted specific data related to the relevant UIC intermediaries from each article, i.e. the type(s) of intermediary addressed and its identified functions. This taxonomy is based on twenty-two functions identified in the UIC intermediary literature and thirteen UIC intermediary types. The five proposed classes of intermediaries are specialised in five different roles. This integrative background can be applied in future research and in the definition of policy-based guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology transfer offices (TTO) were created with the mission of executing innovation policy and its technology transfer to industry. Most studies regarding TTO focus on the context of developed countries, so there is a lack of research on the subject in emerging economies, such as Brazil. In addition, the issue of how diverse the skills of the team of a given TTO should be for their best revenue performance is still little addressed. In this sense, the present study aims to identify which characteristics of the TTO, related to their human resources, influence obtaining revenue from the patents that constitute their portfolios. To achieve this objective, 272 TTO in Brazil were analysed with the help of the Logistic Regression technique, based on Maximum Likelihood Estimation. A remarkable conclusion that emerges from our results is that the universities to increase their revenue must invest in full‐time employees (e.g., rather than in scholarship students, as tends to be the norm) and foster the inventions' communications, as well as to attract and retain employees with skills directly related to knowledge fields such as Law, Engineering, and Communication (quite surprisingly, Management and Economics graduates are not included). The combination of these factors can increase the probabilities or odds of a given TTO obtaining revenue. Thus, our results contribute to TTO human resource practices, especially those in structuring stages, such as those in Brazil and Latin American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]