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This study employs bibliometric analysis to systematically explore the Visual Basic (VB) education research landscape, identifying significant trends, influential authors, and future research directions. Utilizing data from Scopus-indexed journals, we examined 529 papers published between 1994 and October 2023, identified through the keywords "visual basic," "visualbasic," "teaching," and "learning." These papers were analyzed using Biblioshiny to generate a bibliometric map, following four steps: data harvesting, data screening, data visualization, and data analysis. Our research reveals critical VB programming trends from 1994 to 2023, with academic output peaking in 2010 and declining since 2007. Ongoing interest is noted due to legacy system applications. Global publication reach facilitates cross-border information exchange, and top affiliations and authors underscore extensive and influential participation in this field. The research emphasizes incorporating fundamental and advanced themes in educational curricula. It suggests future research focusing on new programming paradigms, longitudinal studies, and VB relevance to technological advancements and industrial needs. Enhanced collaboration, interdisciplinary research, and attention to global trends are essential for maintaining the relevance of VB programming education, optimizing legacy systems, improving educational practices, and preparing students for modern programming environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative innovation in the financial sector, offering enhanced security, transparency, and operational efficiency. This research paper reviews the various use cases of blockchain technology in finance, including cryptocurrencies, cross-border payments, smart contracts, supply chain finance, central bank digital currencies, and regulatory compliance. Utilizing a qualitative research design, data was gathered from industry reports and peer-reviewed academic papers, and analyzed using content analysis facilitated by NVivo software. The key findings reveal that blockchain significantly improves transaction efficiency and reduces costs. However, major challenges such as regulatory uncertainty, scalability issues, data privacy concerns, and integration with legacy systems hinder widespread adoption. The study underscores the need for clear regulatory frameworks, technological advancements, and strategic collaboration among stakeholders. The broader implications suggest that addressing these challenges is crucial for harnessing the full potential of blockchain technology to revolutionize financial services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a continuous stream of emerging technologies, organizations are increasingly seeking to digitally transform their business towards ever efficient, intelligent, and self-learning business models. As the recognized head of IT, the Chief Information Officer (CIO) is often tasked with the responsibility of successfully implementing Digital Transformation (DT) initiatives. While there are independent studies on CIO role, and on the impact of DT, the role of CIO is not sufficiently examined in the DT context. This study fills this gap by conducting multiple case study of six organizations engaged in DT. Following the role theory, the study emphasizes the CIO as an actor focused on digital strategy and empirically delineates the multidimensional task demands associated with DT regarding the CIO role under the new strategic realities of the digital age. We find that while traditional CIO roles still apply, the DT context adds more nuances in such roles. Moreover, some new roles (e.g., legacy systems integration, risk management and IT security) have become crucial that are not adequately captured in extant literature on CIO roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electronic health record (EHR) system transitions are challenging for healthcare organizations. High-volume, safety–critical tasks like barcode medication administration (BCMA) should be evaluated, yet standards for ensuring safety during transition have not been established. Objective: Identify risks in common and problem-prone medication tasks to inform safe transition between BCMA systems and establish benchmarks for future system changes. Design: Staff nurses completed simulation-based usability testing in the legacy system (R1) and new system pre- (R2) and post-go-live (R3). Tasks included (1) Hold/Administer, (2) IV Fluids, (3) PRN Pain, (4) Insulin, (5) Downtime/PRN, and (6) Messaging. Audiovisual recordings of task performance were systematically analyzed for time, navigation, and errors. The System Usability Scale measured perceived usability and satisfaction. Post-simulation interviews captured nurses' qualitative comments and perceptions of the systems. Participants: Fifteen staff nurses completed 2–3-h simulation sessions. Eleven completed both R1 and R2, and seven completed all three rounds. Clinical experience ranged from novice (< 1 year) to experienced (> 10 years). Practice settings included adult and pediatric patient populations in ICU, stepdown, and acute care departments. Main Measures: Task completion rates/times, safety and non-safety-related use errors (interaction difficulties), and user satisfaction. Key Results: Overall success rates remained relatively stable in all tasks except two: IV Fluids task success increased substantially (R1: 17%, R2: 54%, R3: 100%) and Downtime/PRN task success decreased (R1: 92%, R2: 64%, R3: 22%). Among the seven nurses who completed all rounds, overall safety-related errors decreased 53% from R1 to R3 and 50% from R2 to R3, and average task times for successfully completed tasks decreased 22% from R1 to R3 and 38% from R2 to R3. Conclusions: Usability testing is a reasonable approach to compare different BCMA tasks to anticipate transition problems and establish benchmarks with which to monitor and evaluate system changes going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The revolution generated by the Internet of Things (IoT) has radically changed the world; countless objects with remote sensing, actuation, analysis and sharing capabilities are interconnected over heterogeneous communication networks. Consequently, all of today's devices can connect to the internet and can provide valuable information for decision making. However, the data collected by different devices are in different formats, which makes it necessary to develop a solution that integrates comprehensive semantic tools to represent, integrate and acquire knowledge, which is a major challenge for IoT environments. The proposed solution addresses this challenge by using IoT semantic data to reason about actionable knowledge, combining next-generation semantic technologies and artificial intelligence through a set of cognitive components that enables easy interoperability and integration for both legacy systems and emerging technologies, such as IoT, to generate business value in terms of faster analytics and improved decision making. Thus, combining IoT environments with cognitive artificial intelligence services, COSIBAS builds an abstraction layer between existing platforms for IoT and AI technologies to enable cognitive solutions and increase interoperability across multiple domains. The resulting low-cost cross platform supports scalability and the evolution of large-scale heterogeneous systems and allows the modernization of legacy infrastructures with cognitive tools and communication mechanisms while reusing assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Big Data can help users attain a competitive advantage, and evidence suggests that by utilising Big Data, organisations can generate insight that can help strengthen their decision-making capabilities. However, a key issue remains that much data is trapped in legacy systems, and is hence not being appropriately retrieved and utilised. This paper builds on the existing literature base to investigate the challenges and issues organisations face in utilising Big Data. Through results of a survey with 97 respondents, this work shows that these issues can be categorised into six areas, including issues of format and structure of the data, as well as identification of the key need for a framework and architecture for organising Big Data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to provide a broad overview of the history and development of ERPs and outline recent developments with the advent of digital innovations like cloud computing. The research approach in this article was to review literature from both academic journals and industry reports. The article found that ERPs have changed dramatically from precursor systems like integrated control (IC) packages and material resource planning (MRP) systems. They continue to change with the advent of cloud computing, as well as digital innovations like artificial intelligence. While several articles have addressed the evolution of ERPs, this article's unique contribution is that it covers the most recent developments, including discussions on cloud ERPs and postmodern ERPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial services environment has been subject to changes on many fronts. Technological change and the advent of the Internet are among the most dramatic and challenging areas of change for the sector. This paper looks at retail banking and its adoption of online banking, in particular the factors driving and inhibiting adoption by banks. An international Delphi study confirms the high level of importance of the Internet for retail banking. By 2011, it is expected that bank adoption of the Internet will be near universal. The key factors that are driving banks to adopt online banking are the adoption by other banks, competitive forces, consumer demand and the availability of technology. Working against adoption are banks' perceptions that the Internet does not offer enhanced ability to deal with customers as well as bank resistance to change their existing legacy systems and the resources required to adapt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the rush of technological change will consolidate the worldwide reach of the internet with more capacity, specifically to control the physical world, including the machines, industrial facilities and frameworks that characterize cutting-edge technology. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected from 203 respondents predominantly from emerging economies, specifically India and SEA. Most of the participants are working professionals. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze data, as it is a popular statistical technique because of its ability to model selected independent variables and take into account all possible forms of measurement error to test an entire theory. Findings: The Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT) platform comprises four fundamental capabilities: connectivity, big data, advanced analytics and application development. The IIOT has the potential to provide a high level of synergies between the 4 Ms of manufacturing, namely, man, machine, material and method. Research limitations/implications: The collected data are predominately from India and SEA (close to 75 per cent), while contributions from other regions are comparatively less, so the findings cannot be generalized to the global context. Practical implications: It is in the interest of service providers to collaborate and provide a universal solution to retain legacy systems to minimize the investment and reduce the security threat, which could boost IIOT adoption while ensuring that manufacturers are able to leverage this new technology efficiently. Originality/value: The framework obtained has good quality of validity and reliability indicators. Thus, an alternative framework has been added to customer expectation which is currently a popular topic in the technological changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As information systems age they become legacy information systems (LISs), embedding business knowledge not present in other artefacts. LISs must be modernised when their maintainability falls below acceptable limits but the embedded business knowledge is valuable information that must be preserved to align the modernised versions of LISs with organisations' real-world business processes. Business process mining permits the discovery and preservation of all meaningful embedded business knowledge by using event logs, which represent the business activities executed by an information system. Event logs can be easily obtained through the execution of process-aware information systems (PAISs). However, several non-process-aware information systems also implicitly support organisations' business processes. This article presents a technique for obtaining event logs from traditional information systems (without any in-built logging functionality) by statically analysing and modifying LISs. The technique allows the modified systems to dynamically record event logs. The approach is validated with a case study involving a healthcare information system used in Austrian hospitals, which shows the technique obtains event logs that effectively and efficiently enable the discovery of embedded business processes. This implies the techniques provided within the process mining field, which are based on event logs, may also be applied to traditional information systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planning for the maintenance and sustainability of legacy systems often involves attempting to time the obsolescence of a component or a system of components. Serious questions arise, such as: When will critical parts no longer be available? Will the next-generation technology replacing the current technology have a serious impact on system maintenance, repair, operation, or performance? When will software systems no longer be supported? These questions, if not outright overlooked, are often answered using qualitative information, such as expert opinions, market forecasts, or supplier assurances. However, reliable quantitative methods have been developed that project the growth and diffusion of technology in time, including projecting technology substitutions, saturation levels, and performance improvements. These quantitative technology forecasts can be applied at the early, mid-life, and even end-life stages of Navy technology platforms to better plan legacy system maintenance and sustainability strategies. In practice, a quantitative technology forecast is completed to ascertain the time in the future when a technology trajectory would have a significant impact on the sustainability of a legacy technology, system, or platform. Such future projections provide reliable time-referenced information when considering cost and resource requirement trade-off strategies to maintain or replace a component or system. This paper introduces various quantitative technology forecasting techniques and illustrates their practical applications toward considering legacy system support strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the challenges faced by the users of automated visual inspection (AVI) systems is how to efficiently upgrade the legacy systems to inspect the new components introduced into the assembly lines. If the AVI systems are not flexible enough to accommodate new components, they will be rendered obsolete even by small changes in the product being inspected. The overall objective of the research presented in this paper is to produce the methodological basis that will result in the development of highly reconfigurable AVI systems. In this paper, we focus on part of this overall development, the adaptation of preexisting inspection algorithms to inspect similar components introduced into the assembly line. While this paper bases its development and discussion on the inspection of surface mounted devices (SMDs), the proposed methodology is general enough to be applicable to a broad range of inspection problems. Note to Practitioners--In this paper, we present a methodology that would allow the automation of the refinement of AVI algorithms. In particular, the proposed method identifies a set of components, or cluster of components, for which a particular set of inspection features or algorithms, renders a certain level of inspection reliability. This is particularly useful for adapting preexisting systems to inspect new components, especially when the characteristics of the new components are similar to those of components already inspected by the inspection system. We applied this methodology to a case of study of the inspection of SMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change happens, especially in software. This paper frames the problem of dealing with change in terms of moving software assets to technologically "higher ground" when faced with a rising flood of new products and technologies. The author introduces methods he has developed for estimating the value of software assets, understanding risks, breaking down aging software, rebuilding systems to make them more maintainable, and using shadow processes to reduce risk when introducing new or updated systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Star defined infrastructure as something other things "run on"; it consists mainly of "boring things." Building on her classic 1999 paper, and acknowledging contemporary developments in technologies, services, and systems, we developed a new theorization of health information infrastructure with five defining characteristics: (1) a material scaffolding, backgrounded when working and foregrounded upon breakdown; (2) embedded, relational, and emergent; (3) collectively learned, known, and practiced (through technologically-supported cooperative work and organizational routines); (4) patchworked (incrementally built and fixed) and path-dependent (influenced by technical and socio-cultural legacies); and (5) institutionally supported and sustained (eg, embodying standards negotiated and overseen by regulatory and professional bodies).Objective: Our theoretical objective was, in a health care context, to explore what information infrastructure is and how it shapes, supports, and constrains technological innovation. Our empirical objective was to examine the challenges of implementing and scaling up video consultation services.Methods: In this naturalistic case study, we collected a total of 450 hours of ethnographic observations, over 100 interviews, and about 100 local and national documents over 54 months. Sensitized by the characteristics of infrastructure, we sought examples of infrastructural challenges that had slowed implementation and scale-up. We arranged data thematically to gain familiarity before undertaking an analysis informed by strong structuration, neo-institutional, and social practice theories, together with elements taken from the actor-network theory.Results: We documented scale-up challenges at three different sites in our original case study, all of which relate to "boring things": the selection of a platform to support video-mediated consultations, the replacement of desktop computers with virtual desktop infrastructure profiles, and problems with call quality. In a fourth subcase, configuration issues with licensed video-conferencing software limited the spread of the innovation to another UK site. In all four subcases, several features of infrastructure were evident, including: (1) intricacy and lack of dependability of the installed base; (2) interdependencies of technologies, processes, and routines, such that a fix for one problem generated problems elsewhere in the system; (3) the inertia of established routines; (4) the constraining (and, occasionally, enabling) effect of legacy systems; and (5) delays and conflicts relating to clinical quality and safety standards.Conclusions: Innovators and change agents who wish to introduce new technologies in health services and systems should: (1) attend to materiality (eg, expect bugs and breakdowns, and prioritize basic dependability over advanced functionality); (2) take a systemic and relational view of technologies (versus as an isolated tool or function); (3) remember that technology-supported work is cooperative and embedded in organizational routines, which are further embedded in other routines; (4) innovate incrementally, taking account of technological and socio-cultural legacies; (5) consider standards but also where these standards come from and what priorities and interests they represent; and (6) seek to create leeway for these standards to be adapted to different local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There comes a point of no return in the life of every successful software-intensive system, a point where you can no longer place a pile of your best developers at one end of a lever and expect them to move the world. Rather, you must come to realize that putting piles of developers at the end of even the longest lever is no longer the right tool to use. Crossing that point while still preserving the values and the tribal memory of your organization's development culture requires some serious adult supervision. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]