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Environmental innovations, investments, and expenses have been identified as an efficient and reliable way of addressing ecological issues. Nevertheless, how environmental innovations, investments, and expenses may influence the level of environmental pollution in European nations and whether the outcome may fluctuate among various environmental innovation indicators remain to be inspected. Therefore, this research is designed to empirically scrutinize the influence of environmental innovations, environmental investment, environmental expenditure, research and development (R&D) expenses, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on renewable and non-renewable energy in a sample of 15 European countries during the period from 2005 to 2018. To achieve this, we apply robust panel econometric estimation techniques. After testing the stationary property of the series, the findings of the Pedroni cointegration test disclose the presence of a long-run stable connection among the series. The empirical results from the ARDL, FMOLS and DOLS regression show that the impact of environmental innovations, environmental expenditure, R&D expenses, and FDI help to reduce overall non-renewable energy and promote renewable energy. In contrast, environmental investment significantly increases non-renewable energy and diminishes renewable energy usage. Moreover, the findings of Dumitrescu and Hurlin's tests discover a unidirectional causality running from non-renewables and renewables towards environmental investment, environmental expenditure, and FDI. Additionally, bi-directional causality is found between environmental innovations R&D, with both non-renewable and renewable energy utilization. Furthermore, we summarize by arguing that the efforts toward efficient and sustainable use of energy by reducing the combustion of non-renewable energy sources should support modern and innovative strategies by ensuring the transformation of non-renewables with renewable energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the determinants of environmental sustainability has become a very attractive and popular area of research in response to the United Nations' sustainable development goals (SDGs) and COP26 targets. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to explore the effects of renewable energy, technological innovation, and the insurance market on environmental sustainability in the United States (US). This work contributes to the extant body of knowledge by exploring the effect of the insurance market on the load capacity factor (LC), specifically regarding the US. The LC tracks a certain ecological threshold by simultaneously comparing biocapacity and ecological footprint (EF), thereby providing a comprehensive empirical analysis of ecological sustainability determinants. However, this proxy includes the combined attributes of the demand and supply sides of ecological sustainability. Using the recently developed autoregressive distributed lag method, this research reveals that the insurance market adversely affects the LC in the US. The overall outcomes highlight the positive role of renewable energy, technological innovation, and the insurance market in achieving the SDGs and COP26 targets. Policy recommendations for policymakers concerning promoting renewable energy, green innovation activities, the green insurance market, and ecological regulations are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising carbon dioxide emissions from the MENA region constitute a severe danger to the environment, public health, and the execution of the United Nations SDGs. Substantial steps are required to solve this problem and maintain the region's sustainable future. Hence, the current study focused on distinct factors, including renewable energy, energy intensity, green innovation, GDP, and CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2021. The research determines the multifarious variables in various quantiles, including the novel Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) approach, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FM-OLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (D-OLS) and Driscoll-Kraay Standard Errors (DKS) applied. The findings reveal that renewable energy significantly reduces carbon emissions in all quantiles, while energy intensity, green innovation, and GDP lead to carbon emissions in lower, middle, and upper quantiles. For robust outcome confirmed by FM-OLS, D-OLS, and DKS methods. Also, Granger heterogeneous causality applied that confirmed the bidirectional causality among the variables. The study's findings imply that authorities should emphasize the emergence of renewable energy and green innovation while adopting energy-efficient technologies to minimize carbon emissions and accomplish SDGs 7, 9, and 13 to secure the MENA region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Panel data analysis is performed for 14 emerging European nations from 1995 to 2020. • Significant cross-sectional dependency exists within the data set. • Technological innovations and renewable energy reduce ecological footprint levels. • Financial development and non-renewable energy boost environmental pollution levels. • Pollution heaven hypothesis exists in the region for long-run. • SDGs-oriented policy framework is suggested. Economic progress has tended to influence the procedures of industrialization, which has augmented the assessment of exploited renewable energy-intensive resources through the appliance of technology. Exhaustive deployment of these renewable energy-intensive resources through technological innovation, financial development, foreign direct investment (FDI), and non-renewable and alternative energy can have a significant influence on the environment. In view of this concern, this research scrutinizes the effect of technological innovations, financial development, renewable and non-renewable energy, and FDI inflows, on ecological footprint in the case of 14 developing European Union economies. To do this, panel data for these countries from 1995 to 2020 are used. Due to the presence of cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity, this research utilizes a battery of second-generation panel econometric tests, namely the Augmented Mean Group (AMG), and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG) estimators to discover the emphasized association. From the estimated evidence, renewable energy and technological innovation both mitigate the level of environmental degradation while financial development, non-renewable energy use and FDI contribute to the increase of environmental degradation in the long-run. Based on estimated evidences, these emerging European nations are enjoined to practice clean technology development without concession for ecological eminence in the selected countries. Finally, several vital policy/strategies suggestions are proposed from the bases of empirical evidence to promote financial development, green technological innovations, resources of renewable energy use, and foreign direct investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most countries, notably those that signed the Paris Climate Agreement, prioritize achieving the zero carbon or carbon neutrality aim. Unlike earlier studies, this one assesses the contribution of environmental policy, clean energy, green innovation, and renewable energy to the E7 economies' achievement of carbon neutrality goals from 1990 to 2019. Findings emanating from the study show that the EKC hypothesis is valid in E7 countries. Implying that emissions in the E7 countries increased with the kick-off of development but declined later due to possible potent environmental regulatory policies put in place. Similarly, across all models, renewable energy (REN), green innovations (GINNO), environmental tax (ETAX), and technological innovations (TECH) were found to exert a negative and significant impact on carbon emissions in the E7 countries both in the short and long run. On the other hand, economic expansion (GDP) positively impacts environmental deterioration. Furthermore, the country-specific result shows that, on average, Brazil, India, China, Russia, Mexico, and Indonesia have significant environmental policies aiding carbon abatement. Except for Brazil, Mexico, and Indonesia, the income growth in the rest of the countries does not follow the EKC proposition. Furthermore, the causality result revealed a unidirectional causal relationship between GDP, REN, and GINNO to CO2 emission. No causality was found between ETAX with CO2, while a bi-directional causality exists between technology and CO2 emissions. Based on the finding, policymakers in the E7 countries should move away from fossil fuels because future electricity output will not be sufficient to reduce emissions considerably. Environmental regulations, encouraging technological innovation, adopting green and sustainable technology, and clean energy sources, among other things, demand radical and broad changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper aims to evaluate the effect of social networks on the green innovation of energy sector firms working around the globe. The study also evaluated green dynamic capabilities' mediating, and green organizational culture's moderating role in the association of the social networks and green innovation. The study will help electricity production and distribution firms to become more environmentally proactive and achieve green innovation. For this research, study data were collected from employees working in the energy sector firms of Pakistan. Standardized scales were adapted from previous studies and a questionnaire was developed using 'Google Docs' and distributed using Facebook. From different energy sectors of Pakistan,476 respondents filled the questionnaires. To examine the research hypotheses, we chose energy firms that act as small and medium enterprises and face problems in the achievement of green innovation. For testing the proposed relationships, descriptive statistics, regression, and correlation analyses were used. The results supported all the hypotheses of the study. Current research has various theoretical and practical implications for managers of the energy industry, and governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine the direct impact of green innovation strategies and the green dynamic capability on green innovation. The indirect effect is also tested, using green organizational identity as a mediator. A cross-sectional and quantitative research approach was used to collect data from energy firms. The results show that green innovation strategies and green dynamic capabilities positively affect the green innovation. The findings also proved that a green organizational identity acts as a mediator. The research outcomes suggest that the role of green organizational identity needs to be verified by firm managers who want to boost green innovation. In the advance era, society is more conscious about the green environment. Managers need a green innovation strategy to achieve green innovation within their firm. This study will help to manage the environmental issues, environmental degradation reductions, and establishment of green programs and products, which will all benefit society in the terms of improving resource efficiency, enhancing quality of life, and encouraging economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although firms' digital transformation (FDT) and green technological innovation (GTI) are both critical for firm development, we still know little about the precise effects between the two or their influence mechanisms. Combining diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory and the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework, this study analyzes a sample of listed non-financial Chinese firms from 2010 to 2021 using a fixed-effect and mediating effect model to reveal FDT's effect on GTI and its mechanism. Our findings show that (1) FDT can promote both GTI quantity and quality, but it is more significant for GTI quantity; (2) the positive effects can be obtained by reducing firm risk-taking and increasing R&D intensity; and (3) the role of FDT in promoting GTI is particularly significant in firms in the Midwest region, state-owned enterprises, and firms in high-tech sectors, but has negligible effect on high-polluting firms. Our conclusions remain robust after applying the Poisson model, excluding the effects of COVID-19, adopting the generalized method of moments instrumental variable regression, and using Sobel tests. The findings contribute to the literature by combining DOI and TOE into the same framework and empirically analyzing how FDT can influence GTI. • Studies how digital transformation (FDT) affects green technological innovation (GTI). • FDT improved GTI quantity to a much greater extent than it did GTI quality. • FDT had little effect on high-polluting firms. • Reveals two effective mechanisms: reducing firm risk and increasing R&D intensity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]