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Background: Personal health records (PHRs) offer a tremendous opportunity to generate consumer support in pursing the triple aim of reducing costs, increasing access, and improving care quality. Moreover, surveys in the United States indicate that consumers want Web-based access to their medical records. However, concerns that consumers' low health information literacy levels and physicians' resistance to sharing notes will limit PHRs' utility to a relatively small portion of the population have reduced both the product innovation and policy imperatives., Objective: The purpose of our study was 3-fold: first, to report on US consumers' current level of PHR activity; second, to describe the roles of imitation and innovation influence factors in determining PHR adoption rates; and third, to forecast future PHR diffusion uptake among US consumers under 3 scenarios., Methods: We used secondary data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) of US citizens for the survey years 2008, 2011, and 2013. Applying technology diffusion theory and Bass modeling, we evaluated 3 future PHR adoption scenarios by varying the introduction dates., Results: All models displayed the characteristic diffusion S-curve indicating that the PHR technology is likely to achieve significant market penetration ahead of meaningful use goals. The best-performing model indicates that PHR adoption will exceed 75% by 2020. Therefore, the meaningful use program targets for PHR adoption are below the rates likely to occur without an intervention., Conclusions: The promise of improved care quality and cost savings through better consumer engagement prompted the US Institute of Medicine to call for universal PHR adoption in 1999. The PHR products available as of 2014 are likely to meet and exceed meaningful use stage 3 targets before 2020 without any incentive. Therefore, more ambitious uptake and functionality availability should be incorporated into future goals.

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Do new manufacturing technologies of the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) boost TFP growth? By adopting a distance-to-frontier framework, this paper explores whether the adoption of (advanced) digital technologies affect the sectoral TFP growth rates across manufacturing industries of 14 European countries, during the period 2009–2019. We rely on a novel measure of adoption of I4.0 technologies (namely, advanced industrial robots, additive manufacturing and industrial internet of things), exploiting highly detailed (8-digit level) information on imports of capital goods embodying such technologies. Our results suggest that adopting new digital manufacturing technologies of the I4.0 brings quantitatively important and statistically significant contributions to sectoral TFP growth rates, although these are mostly concentrated in countries close to the technology frontier. In turn, these technologies seem to have hampered the process of convergence between European technological leaders and laggards over the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the diffusion and network structure of hydrogen technology from 1980 to 2022. Hydrogen fuel cell technology has the shortest diffusion cycle and high global acceptance. Production technology shows significant global demand, particularly within regional patent families. In contrast, hydrogen storage and fuel cell technologies have more concentrated diffusion, indicating higher adaptation thresholds. Japanese firms are crucial in spreading storage and production technologies, while U.S. enhances diffusion through licensing and transfer. Hydrogen refrigeration technology exhibits a more dispersed bidirectional network. Hydrogen production and fuel cell technologies demonstrate notable activity and network scale in the global market. This research provides valuable insights into the global development of hydrogen technology. [Display omitted] • The evolution of hydrogen technology diffusion was evaluated from 1980 to 2022 using patent data. • Hydrogen fuel cell technology shows the shortest diffusion cycle, hydrogen storage and fuel cell technologies have concentrated diffusion in core countries. • Hydrogen production technology and hydrogen refrigeration technology exhibits broader diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous reduction of fossil energy storage in the world, the environmental problems caused by fossil energy are becoming increasingly prominent. The intensification of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine has also led to a crisis in the global energy supply. Under the international background of energy conservation and emission reduction, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to systematically and deeply study the diffusion path of new energy industry-leading technology and put forward relevant policies and suggestions scientifically and feasible for promoting the diffusion activities of new energy industry-leading technology. This paper uses literature analysis to determine the external and internal factors that influence the diffusion of new energy industry-leading technology, and analysis of the configuration of various factors through the fsQCA method, the diffusion path of leading technology in the new energy industry is obtained. The technology and environment curve is drawn to divide the technology diffusion process into different stages. In addition, we selected the solar energy industry, a relatively perfect branch of China's new energy industry with a long development history, for case analysis to verify the diffusion path of leading technology in the new energy industry proposed in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments around the world have paid considerable attention to Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) initiatives. However, there is no clear evidence that current digitization strategies are meeting the expectations of inclusive and sustainable development. Based on panel data from Chinese prefecture-level cities, this paper constructs a quasi-natural experiment with the establishment of the National Comprehensive Big Data Pilot Zones (BDPZ) to examine whether and how big data-based digital policies can address the digital divide. The results show that the construction of the BDPZ significantly contributes to addressing the territorial digital divide. And this policy effect is influenced by factors such as regional innovation capacity, geographical location, and administrative authority. The mechanism analysis shows that the institution-led diffusion effect and administrative supply diffusion effect under the authoritative diffusion model, and the market-driven diffusion effect under the induced diffusion model are the intrinsic mechanisms of BDPZ in addressing the digital divide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First signs of headwinds to the global economy from geoeconomic fragmentation are emerging. This paper takes an overview on what is the current understanding of the economic effects of geoeconomic fragmentation. The estimated and modelled economic effects of geoeconomic fragmentation and geopolitics vary substantially. We need more research, standardized measures of geopolitical uncertainty, detailed data on protectionist measures and global value networks, plausible scenarios rooted in stylized facts and realistic models anchored in theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a relatively practical technology that has emerged as electric vehicle technology has gradually matured. The analysis of the HEV patent lifecycle is crucial for understanding its impact on the development of this technology. This lifecycle tracks the progress of HEV technologies from their inception and patenting, through their market adoption, and to the expiration of their patent protection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the technology lifecycle of the HEV industry using the growth S-curve method. The purpose of this study is to describe the technological lifecycle trajectory and current stage of the HEV industry, as well as the technical stages of each sub-technology, to facilitate better decision making. As part of this study, we used patent family data collected from the Derwent Innovation Index database from 1975 to 2022 and established an S-curve model for HEVs and their sub-technologies using logistic regression. In 2022, the technological maturity of HEVs reached 44%. The sub-technologies with the most substantial diffusion capabilities are energy management, propulsion systems, and cooling circuits. According to predictions, the saturation period for the patent family quantity related to HEVs is estimated to be around 53 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research shows that linguistic differences can influence the diffusion of technology and income between countries. I use a measure of language similarity known as the normalised Levenshtein distance to show that lexical distances closely track bilateral differences in the adoption intensities of key production technologies. This relationship holds for technologies in the transportation, information technology, steel, telecommunications and health sectors. Linguistic differences also result in larger bilateral gaps in per capita income. These results hold among higher but not low‐income nations, likely because language affects technology transfer only once a threshold level of development is surpassed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship network between enterprises will change their adoption behavior of AI technology and this micro-decision-making mechanism will eventually decide whether AI technology can diffuse and the extent of diffusion on the macro level. However, the existing AI technology diffusion research mostly focuses on the integration of AI technology with other industries from the industrial level, ignoring the complexity of the micro-complex game process and interactions within the enterprise network on the macro technology diffusion. In this regard, this paper builds a game model of AI technology diffusion in core and non-core enterprises from the levels of market competition and policy incentives based on complex network evolutionary game theory. It does this through simulation analysis that examines the mechanism of key factors affecting the diffusion of AI technology, as well as the influence and combination effects of pertinent policies. The study shows that (1) AI technology diffuses more effectively in non-core enterprises than it does in core enterprises; (2) changes in parameters like technology cost and policy regimes have a more evident impact on core enterprises than non-core ones; (3) in market competition, increasing the network average degree, the proportion of AI technology products in the mainstream market, the opportunity cost, the cost reduction factor, or decreasing the cost of AI technology can all promote the diffusion of AI technology; (4) under policy incentives, increasing the proportion of AI technology subsidies and the influence of high-tech identification of enterprises can both promote the diffusion of AI technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of foreign-direct-investment (FDI) on economic-growth has been studied extensively. The results are, however, inconclusive due to the use of inappropriate methodology and/or the disregard of the absorptive capacity of the receiving country, which is particularly affected by the existence of FDI. Starting from an analytical growth-accounting framework to deduce the estimated specifications, an econometric analysis with panel data was conducted for 27 European Union countries over the period 2000–2019 to highlight the importance of FDI in improving factor efficiency and hence economic growth. The results also highlight the relevance of openness to international trade, imports of machinery and transport equipment, and domestic investment in R&D as facilitators of the process of technology absorption and knowledge diffusion from FDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the diffusion of battery electric vehicle (BEV) technology in Japan. The diffusion process in this study refers to both the innovation and adoption of BEV technology. While previous studies on BEV technological diffusion focus on policy selection, especially domestic policy, little is known about the connectedness between international and domestic factors in the BEV technological diffusion process. This paper aims to enrich the discussion of technology diffusion by expanding the argument that technology diffusion is not only a domestic problem but also an international relations problem using a case study of BEV technology diffusion in Japan. The findings indicate that two international factors push Japan to diffuse BEV technology: Japanese commitment to the global environmental regime and global competition in BEV manufacturing. However, the domestic institution factor hinders the BEV technology diffusion. The production structures of automobile industries and political economy relations between the automobile industry and the government further complicate the diffusion process of BEV technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disruptive technology has profoundly affected the market environment and business patterns. Traditional and emerging industries are willing to adopt it to nurture their innovation activities and achieve competitive advantage. However, traditional technological innovation theory cannot give accurate guidance because of the peculiarities of disruptive technology. Thus, in this study, we explore the diffusion mechanism of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technological innovation from the perspective of disruptive innovation. We implement maximum likelihood fitting methods and the goodness-of-fit test to analyse the network's degree distribution characteristics through evolution. Results illustrate that the connection mechanism changes through the evolution process. In particular periods, preferential attachment does not work. Dominant technologies will lose their position with the emergence of disruptive technologies, hence replaced by them. The findings will provide practical suggestions to firms in facilitating their strategic decision-making when faced with disruptive technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an environment of accelerating technological change and increasing digitalization, firms need to adopt new technologies faster than ever before to stay competitive. This paper examines whether updates of education curricula help to bring new technologies faster into firms' workplaces. We study technology changes and curriculum updates from an early wave of digitalization (i.e., computer-numerically controlled machinery, computer-aided design, and desktop publishing software). We take a text-as-data approach and tap into two novel data sources to measure change in educational content and the use of technology at the workplace: first, vocational education curricula and, second, firms' job advertisements. To examine the causal effects of adding new technology skills to curricula on the diffusion of these technologies in firms' workplaces (measured by job advertisements), we use an event study design. Our results show that curriculum updates substantially shorten the time it takes for new technologies to arrive in firms' workplaces, especially for mainstream firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces 'DIY warfare', a paradigm where soldiers utilize advanced commercial technologies with support from private tech firms, and civilians contribute technologically, often near conflict zones. This convergence blurs traditional combatant-non-combatant lines, challenging existing warfare doctrines. Employing a '3Cs' analytical framework—compute, compatibility, and collaboration—it explores the shift towards a decentralized, technology-driven conflict, highlighting the potential for increased operational flexibility alongside the complexities of civilian-military integration and reliance on private entities. This article suggests DIY warfare could significantly alter military engagement at the tactical level in the digital era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the key anchors of the National Innovation System shaping the nature of collaboration between academic high-performance computing centres (academic HPC centres) and small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) working in the automotive and electronics sectors of the Danube region. With two main research questions, it discusses the importance of knowledge transfer and technology transfer for collaboration between University and Industry (U-I collaboration) in three groups of developmentally distinct countries: competitively advanced, competitively intermediate and competitively lagging. As main anchors of the innovation system, stable legal environment, exciting innovation policies and strong R&D funding are recognised. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative empirical study in 14 Danube region countries included 92 focus group participants, expert representatives of academic HPC centres and SMEs. The data were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed. Findings – The findings show the main prerequisites of the framework conditions for efficient U-I collaboration evolve through a goal-oriented National Innovation Policy and developed and functioning legal environment supporting labour market and intellectual property (IP) protection and enforcement. Additionally, skilled people are needed to be able to operate with HPC, where it seems all the countries lack such skilled workforce. In competitively lagging countries, the high levels of brain drain exhibit strong impact to U-I collaboration. Research limitations/implications – Research into relationships between academic HPC centres and SMEs conducted was qualitative; therefore, limitations in terms of generalisation arise from it. On the other hand, the research is promising in terms of offering the guidance for policy makers who can use the findings when delivering innovation policy mix, adjusted to developmental level of own innovation ecosystem. Originality/value – The study is among the pioneering work in U-I collaboration between academic HPC centres and SMEs from automotive and electronics industries in the Danube region. The research addresses the dynamics of collaboration and offers policy implications to strengthen the particular U-I collaboration. 研究目的 – 本文旨在探究國家創新系統的主要支柱; 這些支柱決定了學術性的高速網路與計算中心 (註: 此為直譯) (以下簡稱學術高網算中心) 與於多瑙河地區的汽車製造業和電子產品行業內營運的中小型企業之間的合作性質。本文透過兩條主要的研究問題、去探討知識轉移和技術轉讓對大學與產業界之間的合作的重要性而這些產業是屬於在發展階段上三個明顯不同的國家組別裏的這三個組別是 競爭先進的、競爭性中級的和競爭落後的。穩定的法律環境、令人興奮的創新政策和強大的研究與開發資金被認為是創新系統的三個主要支柱。 研究設計 – 研究人員在14個位於多瑙河地區的國家裏進行一個質性觀察研究研究涵蓋92個焦點小組參與者、來自學術高網算中心和中小型企業的專家代表。有關的數據被錄音繼而被轉寫下來最後被分析。 研究結果 – 研究結果顯示效率高的大學產業界合作的框架條件的主要先決條件是透過一個以目標為導向的國家創新政策而逐漸形成繼而發展起來; 另外所需的條件是一個支援勞工市場、保障知識產權、並執行有關的法律的正常運作的法律環境。其次若想與學術高網算中心一起工作技術人才是必須的因學術高網算中心內的所有國家似乎欠缺技術勞動力。在落後於競爭對手的國家裏高度的人才外流對大學與產業界之間的合作會產生重大的影響。 研究的局限/啟示 – 由於研究採用的研究方法為質性研究法故研究結果、就普遍化的歸納而言是有其局限的。唯研究結果在實務方面有其作用因政策制定者在推行與科技進步與對策有關的策略時他們可把研究結果作為指引就其自身創新生態系統的發展水準而作出適當的調整。 研究的原創性/價值 – 本研究探討涉及學術高網算中心與於多瑙河地區的汽車製造業和電子產品行業內營運的中小型企業之間合作的大學產業界合作就此而言可說是開創性研究之一。本研究探究有關的大學產業界合作的變革動力並為政策制定者提供啟示以能強化有關的合作。

This paper provides firm-level evidence on how subsidies to buyers of advanced digital production technologies work in sustaining private investments in innovation, and how such investments correlate with firms' demand for labor. By exploiting the introduction in 2017 of a fiscal incentive granted to all Italian companies purchasing tangible goods instrumental to their digital transformation, we are able to quantify the volume of the subsidized investments within the national economy, to correlate the decision to invest with ex-ante structural and strategic characteristics of the beneficiary firms, and to evaluate the labor market effects (hirings and separations) of these investments at the firm level, for different classes of workers and firms. Overall, the analysis suggests that the policy has been so far an effective means to support the advanced digital technology transformation of the Italian production system and that such transformation has been positively correlated with employment growth at investing firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a conceptualisation of the process of technology adoption that takes into account the uneven relative costs of technology implementation, especially country differences in wage levels. The novelties and contributions of our approach are the following. First, we introduce a dynamic macroeconomic model of technology diffusion, which is the first to directly account for the difference in factor cost proportions in an endogenous cross-country setting. Second, we utilise the Cross-country Historical Adoption of Technology (CHAT) and Penn World Table databases to calibrate the model using non-linear approximation across countries and technologies, which explains about 50% of the variability in technology density. Third, the results of the calibrated model offer a new insight into the dynamics and patterns of technology diffusion of differently developed countries, offering both an approximation of the average technology adoption across differently developed countries over time and an approximation of the relative technology density adoption curves, which are country specific generalisations of the logistic curves and depend highly on the general level of development and wage levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Capital Economic Circle (CEC) is one economic growth pole and occupies important position in China. However, imbalance of allocation of technological resources leads to heterogeneous industrial productivity and economic development in the CEC. To analyze and solve this problem, we combined input-output and network methods to explore structural defects of technology diffusion system of CEC and effective measures to promote industrial technology synergy and integrated development. Firstly, the principles of Multi-Regional Industrial Technology Flow Tree (MR-ITFT) modelling and methods were proposed. Secondly, the structural indexes and the effect indicators including technology spillover and absorption intensity, and spillover and absorption multiplier were designed based on MR-ITFT, which were applied to identify structural defects of industrial system and its effects on technology diffusion. The empirical research shows that heterization and polarization, imbalance of supply and demand, non-integrated vertical function, and centralization and convergence in industrial technology system are structural factors that interferes the circulation of technology flow, and further was reflected in the reduced, inverse and unstable structural effects. Contradiction between low return and high demand of technology investment results in an unsustainable circulation system of CEC. Construction of industrial technology system with high integration and cooperation was suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The iron and steel industry is a large emitter of CO2 globally. This is especially true for the iron and steel industries in China, Japan, and Korea due to their production volumes and the prevalence of carbon-based steel production. With few low-carbon and commercially available alternatives, the iron and steel industry is truly a hard-to-abate sector. Each of the countries of interest have committed to a net-zero future involving the mitigation of emissions from steel production. However, few studies have investigated the means by which to achieve decarbonization beyond the inclusion of price signalling policies (e.g., carbon tax or emission trading schemes). Here, we use E3ME-FTT:Steel to simulate technology diffusion in the ISI under several policy environments and we investigate the likely impacts on the wider economy. The results show that penalizing carbon intensive processes can incentivize a transition towards scrap recycling, but it is relatively unsuccessful in aiding the uptake of low carbon primary steelmaking. A combination of support and penalizing policies can achieve deep decarbonisation (>80% emission reduction compared with the baseline). Mitigating the emissions in the iron and steel industry can lead to economic benefits in terms of GDP (China: +0.8%; Japan: +1.3%; Korea: +0.1%), and employment (Japan: +0.7%; Korea: +0.3%) with China, where job losses in the coal sector would negate job gains elsewhere, as the exception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We proposed an evolutionary general equilibrium framework on new technology diffusion and economic growth. • The framework can capture the nonlinear, path-dependent, and S-shaped technological diffusion process. • Impact of carbon pricing and life expectancy of coal-fired power is analyzed. • A well-designed policy can bring a win-win future for near-zero emissions of power sector and economic growth of china. • The framework may be insightful for developing the next-generation computable general equilibrium models on structural change of low-carbon technologies. The thorough transition of energy system is required to achieve the Paris Agreement goal. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are a common tool for estimating the energy transition pathway and the impact of low-carbon policies on economic growth. However, CGE models encounter challenges on modeling diffusion of new technologies. This study proposed a novel evolutionary dynamic general equilibrium model to capture the nonlinear, path-dependent and S-shaped technology diffusion process, and examined the low-carbon transition pathway of power sector and its impact on economic growth of China. We found that imposing a moderate carbon tax and avoiding the over-reliance on coal-fired power could achieve the near-zero emissions of power sector, avoid the large economic loss and hasten the economic growth in the long term. The evolutionary framework may be useful for developing the next-generation model, particularly for simulating the diffusion of new technologies, and their structural effects on economic dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet, which was introduced to the Indian public in the mid-1990s, has become the dominant means of communication and revolutionizing the communication environment like nothing before. As a result, Internet demand in India is increasing at a tremendous rate; in the year 2019-20 alone, 190 million new Internet users were added. Due to this, Internet-penetration in the country surpassed the mark of 40 percent in the same year. The main aim of this paper is to assess the pattern and rate of diffusion of the Internet in India in order to contribute towards the larger dialogue on managing the services and evaluating the impact of Internet on various aspects of socio-economic dimensions in India. The study uses S-shaped growth curve models, logistic, Gompertz, and simple modified exponential ones, for the same. We find that India is likely to achieve universal Internet access by the year 2028-29. Thus, 2028-29 may be a turning point in the socio-economic trajectory of the country. Further results, implications and future research scope are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zvi Griliches was one of the leading econometricians of his generation. His early work involved empirical analyses of the sources of productivity growth in twentieth-century US agriculture, including his dissertation on the diffusion of hybrid corn and his analysis of the long-run growth in fertilizer use by US farmers. In this research Griliches developed theoretical explanations of these phenomena in the form of narratives of rational, profit-seeking people responding to changing circumstances and novel information, and he used these narratives to inform his decisions about what statistical techniques to employ and how to implement them. Narratives served the same purposes for Griliches that mathematical models were coming to serve in the work of his contemporaries, but they made more sense for Griliches, given his belief that he was analyzing transitions between economic equilibria, a process for which economists had not developed useful mathematical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the well-documented benefits and encouraging policy environment for blockchain technology (BT), its extensive adoption in the construction industry is still unsolved. The interorganizational diffusion of BT is not explored in existing studies, requiring a comprehensive investigation for better government policymaking. Thus, from the technology diffusion perspective, this paper proposes an evolutionary game-based system dynamics (EG-SD) model to describe the complicated relationships between government and construction enterprises in the process of BT adoption. Through theoretical analysis, the main stakeholders, influencing factors, and diffusion channels in the process of BT adoption are identified. Further, a simulation collecting data from China's construction industry is conducted to evaluate the diffusion performance under different scenarios. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a quantitative perspective for understanding BT adoption behaviors among construction enterprises and revealing the diffusion mechanism of BT from a multilevel perspective. Also, this paper for the first time combines evolutionary game theory with system dynamics into explaining BT adoption, providing practical implications to both government and construction enterprises on policymaking and promoting BT adoption practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tests for the presence of behavioral biases in household decisions to adopt solar photovoltaic installations using exogenous variation in weather. I find that residential technology uptake responds to exceptional weather, defined as deviations from the long-term mean, in line with the average time gap between decision-making and completion of the installation. In particular, a one standard deviation increase in sunshine hours during the purchase period leads to an approximate increase of 4.7% in weekly solar PV installations. This effect persists in aggregate data. I consider a range of potential mechanisms and find suggestive evidence for projection bias and salience as key drivers of my results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using 1880 s panel data from Yamanashi and Gifu prefectures in Japan, we estimated the diffusion factors and total factor productivity (TFP) in machine-reeling technology in Japan's silk-reeling sector. While the cost of distance through the traditional highway from the Shimosuwa-shuk post town in the Nagano Prefecture has a negative correlation with technology diffusion, the correlation of silk production per population is positive. Machine-reeling technology is raw-material- intensive and does not show increasing returns to scale. While the TFP in Yamanashi is higher than in Gifu, machine-reeling output expansion is larger in the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the perception of mom entrepreneurs of the region of Triângulo Mineiro (State of Minas Gerais - Brazil) about the use of ICTs in their businesses. A quantitative approach with application of online questionnaires was adopted. The main results show that respondents have used ICTs to support their management activities. However, the results also reveal that many respondents, even using ICTs in their businesses, do not necessarily feel comfortable in using these technologies to support their activities. The study reinforces the benefits of contemporary technologies to support the management process, but also reveals a scenario that can motivate training and qualification actions to optimize the benefits from ICTs in the Triângulo Mineiro region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social embeddedness always plays important role in facilitating agricultural technology diffusion. However, in China, dramatic changes have occurred in the social embeddedness of rural households in the transition from 'acquaintance society' to 'semi-acquaintance society'. Could this be the reason for the debate over the role of social embeddedness? What are the differences in the role of social embeddedness between farmers with different land scales? Based on survey data from 583 rural households from Zhejiang Province, China, we used an endogenous switching regression model to answer these questions. The results indicated there are significant differences in social embeddedness between large- and small-scale households. Although the influence of social embeddedness on technology adoption remains significant, its function is significantly different between small- and large-scale farmers. To avoid technological lock-in for small-scale farmers, the government should strengthen the information push and expand the coverage of environmental-friendly agricultural subsidies for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Transition towards hydrogen for basic chemicals and primary steel sites in Europe. • Validated data set with 158 plants at 96 sites for products considered. • Modelling of 16 sensitivities for varying carbon dioxide and hydrogen prices. • Analysis of process share, energy demands, investments, and emissions. • Extensive supplementary material on input data and detailed results. Climate-neutral hydrogen is a promising option to replace fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in energy-intensive industries. At the same time, spatial and timely dynamics of hydrogen market diffusion are uncertain. This study simulates the market diffusion of hydrogen-based production routes for the entire European plant stock of primary steel, high-value chemicals, methanol, and ammonia production sites. The model includes a total of 158 plants at 96 sites and explicitly considers hydrogen infrastructure, plant ages, production capacities and reinvestment cycles. Sixteen scenario sensitivities were defined to analyse various future hydrogen and carbon dioxide price pathways. The results show that one investment opportunity remains until 2050 for all plants, while 36% of plants require reinvestment before 2030. The cost-competitiveness of hydrogen-based production varies across products: Methanol and high-value chemicals can only be competitive with hydrogen prices below 60 €/MWh. For steel, a high carbon dioxide price and natural gas-fired direct reduction can mitigate fossil lock-ins using natural gas as bridging option towards full use of hydrogen. The study highlights the risk of reinvesting in fossil technologies without additional policies. The maximum technical hydrogen demand potential is 1000 TWh, but considering techno-economic limitations in the sensitivities, only 64 to 507 TWh can be reached. The planned future hydrogen network matches most reinvestment needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an important strategy in global agriculture, aimed at maintaining the growth trend of food production without compromising environmental integrity or human health. Despite various measures taken by the government to encourage farmers to adopt IPM technologies, the adoption rate of IPM in China remains insufficient. This study finds that the number of farmers who adopt IPM to a high degree is significantly lower than those who view IPM as a win-win solution for profits and the environment. To address the gap between attitudes and behaviors, this research utilizes data from a survey of 480 households in Dengkou County, Inner Mongolia, China, employing structural equation modeling to analyze the impact of farmers' perceived factors on IPM adoption rates. Additionally, a generalized linear mixed model is used to assess farmers' attitudes toward financial subsidies, while an Ordered Logit model conducts an empirical analysis of the factors influencing barriers to IPM adoption. The findings indicate that: (1) Farmers' overly optimistic expectations regarding the initial costs of IPM hinder their adoption; (2) Farmers who are skeptical about the economic benefits of IPM demonstrate greater interest in cash subsidies; (3) Land characteristics and farmer attributes influence farmers' evaluations of barriers to IPM adoption. To develop reasonable and effective policies aimed at narrowing the adoption gap for IPM, it is essential to thoroughly understand the characteristics of farmers and their perceptions of IPM, and to design incentive measures that account for group differences. Findings of the study provide information regarding the IPM adoption gap among farmers in China, thereby offering practical insights and empirical evidence to assist policymakers in developing appropriate policies. It also provides a framework for countries in similar situations globally to examine and address the adoption gap. [Display omitted] • This study develops a framework to examine and quantify the Integrated Pest Management adoption gap. • The research investigates the reasons for the adoption gap from a perceptual perspective. • Farmers' overly high expectations regarding the initial cost of Integrated Pest Management may lead to an adoption gap. • Farmers who are skeptical about the economic benefits of IPM demonstrate a higher interest when faced with cash subsidies. • The characteristics of farmers' households and landholdings influence their assessment of adoption barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting the widespread adoption of multi-complementary low carbon power generation technologies is a fundamental strategy for attaining carbon neutrality within the electricity sector. In the context of electricity market reform, this study develops an agent-based modeling framework integrated simulation with optimization. The model uses agent-based simulation to analyze annual market dynamics and low-carbon technology diffusion, with a two-stage optimization for energy storage and spot market simulation. The research findings indicate: (1) For different power generation technologies, the spot market can establish differentiated average prices, making the market price of carbon-captured coal power higher than that of conventional coal power, which are advantageous in reducing the subsidies required to promote the diffusion of carbon capture technology. (2) Expanding the spot market scale and implementing differentiated capacity compensation mechanisms both promote carbon capture technology diffusion. Nevertheless, with the marginal clearing mechanism, thermal power holds a average price advantage than renewable energy. Failing to control the growth of thermal power capacity will result in increased carbon emissions. (3) After 2030, energy storage's role in balancing supply and demand grows. Storage capacity should align with renewable energy scale and the regional characteristics of wind and solar resources to prevent overbuilding and stranded assets. [Display omitted] • An agent-based modeling framework integrated simulation with optimization was built. • Explored the impact of electricity spot market on the diffusion of low-carbon technologies. • Spot market establishes diverse electricity prices for various power generation technologies. • Inhibiting coal capacity expansion is more crucial than promoting low-carbon technology. • Energy storage capacity should align with regional characteristics and the transition stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a novel method that enables the formation of historical patent families. Patent families are useful for studying the value of inventions and identifying key technologies, as they indicate geographic diffusion and higher patenting costs. The concept of patent family has not been employed in historical contexts as historical sources generally lack information about priority rights. The article provides a definition of a historical patent family, where patent families incorporate patents with the same invention core. The method is applied and evaluated by constructing Swedish patent families in 1885–1914 with historical patent data from Finland and the United States. Moreover, the article introduces the Patent Diffusion Index (PDI), which is an indicator of historical patent families which can be used to study the sequence and pace of market entry. The article exemplifies how historical patent families open novel perspectives on patent value and technology diffusion in contrast to current indicators, such as patent fees, which usually are bound to national contexts. The method is applicable to any national patent data, and patent drawings are suggested as an effective way to form historical patent families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both theoretical and empirical work reports contingent and conflicting findings on how intellectual property (IP) protection affects related outcomes such as innovation, technology diffusion, productivity, or growth. To establish where the balance of the evidence lies, we conduct a multi‐outcome meta‐regression analysis to synthesize findings form 91 primary studies that report 1626 effect‐size estimates for one or more outcomes. Controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and selection bias only, we find that the effect on innovation, technology diffusion, productivity, and economic growth is statistically or practically insignificant. The effect remains insignificant when we control for observed sources of heterogeneity and estimate meta‐effects based on different scenarios for "best‐practice" research. Our work contributes to the existing research effort by extending the application of the multi‐outcome meta‐regression analysis into evidence synthesis in economics. It also provides verifiable/replicable evidence indicating that the sanguine claims about the economic benefits of IP protection voiced in some legal studies and the advocacy literature are misleading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like genetic distance, surname distance provides a measure of potential differences in population characteristics (e.g., biological, cultural, and institutional). We construct a unique measure of surname distance for the ethnic Han population based on the distribution of Chinese surnames for the period 960–1368AD to examine its impact on the diffusion of technology—specifically maize adoption—in late imperial China. Our analysis finds that a one standard deviation increase in the surname distance between a pair of prefectures lowers the probability of technology diffusion by approximately 7.3 percent during the 50-year period 1650–1700 and 7.0 percent during the 100-year period 1650–1750. However, the effect becomes less over longer periods, presumably because the once-novel technology diffused thoroughly over time. As a check of robustness, we further confirm that surname distance also significantly affected the diffusion of other types of technology such as those associated with the Industrial Revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study complements the extant literature by assessing how enhancing supply factors of mobile technologies affect mobile money innovations for financial inclusion in developing countries. The mobile money innovation outcome variables are: mobile money accounts, the mobile phone used to send money and the mobile phone used to receive money. The mobile technology supply factors are: unique mobile subscription rate, mobile connectivity performance, mobile connectivity coverage and telecommunications (telecom) sector regulation. The empirical evidence is based on quadratic Tobit regressions, and the following findings are established. There are Kuznets or inverted-shaped nexuses between three of the four supply factors and mobile money innovations from which thresholds for complementary policies are provided as follows: (i) unique adults' mobile subscription rates of 128.500%, 121.500% and 77.750% for mobile money accounts, the mobile used to send money and the mobile used to receive money, respectively; (ii) the average share of the population covered by 2G, 3G and 4G mobile data networks of 61.250% and 51.833% for the mobile used to send money and the mobile used to receive money, respectively; and (iii) a telecom sector regulation index of 0.409, 0.283 and 0.283 for mobile money accounts, the mobile phone used to send money and the mobile phone used to receive money, respectively. Some complementary policies are discussed, because at the attendant thresholds, the engaged supply factors of mobile money technologies become necessary, but not sufficient conditions of mobile money innovations for financial inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) have drastically improved global connectivity and pervaded into most aspects of modern human life. To appropriate the benefits from ICTs, access to the required technology is an essential prerequisite. India's ICT adoption has been fast since 2000, but with sizeable disparities across the country. This study identifies the diffusion pattern of digital communications services in India, while accounting for technological augmentation. The study also surveys the factors influencing the variations in regional ICT adoption in India and supports Rogers theory of innovation diffusion by investigating how the social systems impacts technology adoption at different penetration levels. The findings will be useful for infrastructure capacity planning, taking policy decisions and projecting the diffusion process of emerging consumer technologies for advancing digital inclusion to support inclusive development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: With increasing global warming, the new energy industry has become the mainstay for achieving a sustainable development of human society. The effective diffusion of leading technologies is the source of social benefits obtained from enterprise core technologies, and it is also a necessary factor for the transformation and optimization of industry. In the international context of energy conservation and emission reduction, systematically and comprehensively studying the diffusion mechanism of leading technologies in new energy industry has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the diffusion of leading technologies in the new energy industry. Based on the introduction of the cellular automaton model and its extension model, this paper constructs the diffusion model of new energy industry's leading technology and analyzes the diffusion mechanism. This mechanism shows that in the case of the market and policy environments in nowadays, the diffusion of new energy industry's leading technology is mainly influenced by promotion intensity, market share of positive and negative idea leaders, as well as the enterprise scale of strong chain and weak chain. This influence is verified by simulation analysis. Based on the diffusion mechanism, suggestions are presented for promoting the diffusion mechanism of new energy industry leading technology. These suggestions aim to provide a reference for the government, industry associations, and enterprises in making relevant decisions. The novelty of the work is: At the industrial level, this paper explores both the development law and diffusion mechanism of the leading technology in the new energy industry, which is conducive to improving and enriching the theoretical system of technological innovation.This paper uses simulation analysis to verify the diffusion mechanism of leading technologies in the new energy industry. This approach effectively improves the diffusion level of leading technology in the new energy industry and provides a reference for energy upgrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International patenting activities have long been used as an indicator of technology diffusion, but it is unclear whether international patent inflows promote or block technology innovations in recipient countries. Previous studies conclude that the commercial exploitation of patented inventions in foreign countries is expected to be associated with technology diffusion. However, international patents may also block imitations in foreign countries. To address the conflicting arguments, this study investigates the impact of international patent inflows on innovations in recipient countries using the solar PV industry as the empirical focus. This study finds that international patent inflows have a positive impact on innovations in recipient countries, but the positive impact is stronger for leading countries than latecomers. The findings indicate that international patenting activities may exaggerate the technology gap between leading and lagging countries, which suggests the importance of promoting institutionalized technology cooperation between leading and lagging countries. • Knowledge stock of solar PV technology is unequal across countries. • International patent inflows positively influence innovation capacity in recipient countries. • Leading countries benefit more from international patent inflows than lagging countries. • International patent activities might exaggerate the technology gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Government incentive policies play an important role in the promotion of distributed photovoltaic power. However, which policy is more effective for the diffusion of distributed photovoltaic power? This is a question that needs to be answered. Based on this, we combined the two-factor learning curve and system dynamics model to study the dynamic diffusion process of China's distributed photovoltaic power (DSP). The results show that (1) the coefficients of learning by doing and learning by researching for DSP are 0.0435 and 0.2971 respectively. This indicates that technological innovation caused by R&D expenditures in the DSP is the driving force for cost reduction. (2) Both demand-pull and technology-push policies contribute to the diffusion of DSP; (3) the effect of FIT policy on the diffusion of distributed photovoltaic technology is more significant than that of R&D policy; and the reduction of production cost of photovoltaic power industry by R&D policy is more significant than FIT policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the effects of unanticipated technological shocks across the most innovative economies in the world. We examine who leads and follows in the global technological race and how technological shocks in one country shape innovation activity in another. We put forward a useful approach in modeling the dynamic interdependencies of knowledge spillovers across countries, which exploits the modeling capabilities of the so-called network Global Vector Auto-Regressive (GVAR) framework. Our empirical evidence, on a selected panel of most innovative world economies over the period 1986–2013, show that the USA and China are the dominant countries in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Sustainability is increasingly becoming an essential aspect of technological innovations. In addition, the diffusion of sustainable new technology-based products appears to be uneven across the globe. The authors examine the effect of three country-level Hofstede measures of culture and two national-level innovation characteristics on the diffusion of Sustainable New Technology-based Products (SNTP). Design/methodology/approach: Regression and Necessary Conditions Analysis were used to analyze a panel dataset of electric and hybrid vehicles sales from 2008 to 2017 across 89 countries. Findings: Results suggest Long-Term Orientation (LTO) was correlated with SNTP diffusion, Indulgence (IVR) was partially correlated with SNTP diffusion and was also a necessary condition. Surprisingly, Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) was not correlated with SNTP diffusion. In addition, a national proclivity for developing innovations and a history of utilizing prior generic innovations were both correlated and necessary for SNTP diffusion. Originality/value: This paper measures the impact of several macro-level variables (culture and other innovation related characteristics of countries) on SNTP diffusion. In addition to regression analyses to measure the average effect size, the authors conduct Necessary Conditions Analysis, which assesses the necessity of a variable for the outcome. These insights may help multinational companies better strategize entry decisions for international markets and aid governments in formulating more effective policies by recognizing and accommodating the influences of national culture and innovation attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes recall data from smallholder farmers in selected provinces in Zambia to examine the role of social and institutional networks, as well as other farm and household factors in the adoption and diffusion of conservation agriculture (CA) technology. We employed a dynamic discrete-time hazard model to capture the time path to adoption. The empirical results show that conditional on several potentially confounding factors, conservation agriculture technology adoption and diffusion are positively and significantly influenced by farmers' access to information from social networks and institutional networks like extension services. Adoption decisions are also found to be significantly influenced by age, education, market distance, as well as location fixed effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fabrication sectors benefit from global value chain (GCV) participation the most. • This effect for fabrication sectors is linked to R&D-oriented GVC partners. • GVC participation with R&D-focused partners benefit less developed countries. • This suggest knowledge spillovers across industries induced by GVC participation. Global value chain (GVC) participation has transformed many lines of business. The benefits it provides in terms of greater specialization and technology diffusion, however, do not spread identically across countries and industries. This paper shows that taking into account the functional specialization helps to explain how the benefits of GVC participation are distributed. Using data for 35 industries in 40 countries in 2000-2011, we estimate the impact of GVC participation on value added within a production function framework. The results indicate that there is heterogeneity in the effects of GVC participation, according to the functional specialization of the respective industry and its GVC partners. Participating in R&D-related GVCs is especially profitable for fabrication-oriented industries and low-developed countries. It follows that any GVC participation analysis will be incomplete if it fails to take the functional specialization of the GVC participants into consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International trade is one of the main channels of technological diffusion as it allows countries to have access to technology developed by others in the process of buying and selling intermediate inputs and capital goods. In the 1990s, China initiated a process of major incentives for the development of new technologies and this was intensified in the 2000s. The country is now a potential technology donor, which contributes to the global diffusion of technology. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of technological spillovers from China through international trade. The analysis considered 22 OECD member countries, including China, and 17 manufacturing industries for the 2008–2014 period. The results indicate that China is contributing to the process of technological diffusion with both negative and positive spillovers. Besides identifying the spillovers from China broken down according to industries, our results also indicate that domestic and foreign spillovers are important channels of technological diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study how endogenous innovation and technology diffusion interact to determine the shape of the productivity distribution and generate aggregate growth. We model firms that choose to innovate, adopt technology, or produce with their existing technology. Costly adoption creates a spread between the best and worst technologies concurrently used to produce similar goods. The balance of adoption and innovation determines the shape of the distribution; innovation stretches the distribution, while adoption compresses it. On the balanced growth path, the aggregate growth rate equals the maximum growth rate of innovators. While innovation drives long‐run growth, changes in the adoption environment can influence growth by affecting innovation incentives, either directly, through licensing of excludable technologies, or indirectly, via the option value of adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]