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Using 10‐day daily diary data collected in 2019 from 10th grade students in southern U.S. (N = 161, 57% Latina/x/o, 21% Biracial, 10% Asian, 9% White, 4% Black; 55% female, Mage = 15.51), this study examined various forms of peer‐based discrimination in adolescents' everyday lives. Results showed that personally experienced discrimination, peer racial teasing, and vicarious discrimination were frequent and impactful events. Results also provided strong evidence for the protective role of psychological resilience and some evidence for the protective‐reactive roles of peer support and school climate in moderating the link between peer‐based discrimination and daily well‐being. The findings highlight the necessity to eliminate peer‐based discrimination and shed light on interventions to reduce the harmful effects of peer‐based discrimination on adolescents' daily well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Mexican-origin adolescents experience multiple contextual stressors (e.g., discrimination, economic stress, and foreigner stress) that may result in increased marijuana use, they actively engage in cultural practices (e.g., language brokering) that may protect them from adverse developmental outcomes. Yet, the joint influence of contextual stressors and language brokering on marijuana use has rarely been studied from a developmental perspective. Using a sample of 604 Mexican-origin adolescent brokers (54% female, Mage.Wave1 = 12.41), we examined how stability and change of language brokering–contextual stress (i.e., broker–stress) profiles across three waves are related to adolescent marijuana use. We hypothesized that adolescents with positive brokering experiences and lower contextual stress across three waves (i.e., those in the Stable Protective profile) would be the least likely to use marijuana. For brokering for mothers, the Stable Protective and the Change to Protective groups were less likely than other groups to use marijuana. For brokering for fathers, the Stable Protective group was the least likely to use marijuana and the Change to Protective group was less likely than the Risk at Any Wave group to use marijuana. Interventions could foster brokering-related positive feelings across the course of adolescence to reduce marijuana use among Mexican-origin adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racial discrimination has detrimental effects on ethnic minority adolescents' development. Guided by the integrative model of minority children's competencies and the bioecological model, the current study examined how family and peer cultural socialization independently and conjointly buffered the detrimental effects of discrimination on ethnic minority adolescents' academic and socio emotional adjustment. Using short‐term longitudinal data from 245 eighth graders (87% Latinx, 51% female), results suggested that the moderating roles of cultural socialisation operated differently for academic and socioemotional outcomes. Specifically, the three‐way interaction results indicated that family and peer cultural socializations appeared to be protective for adolescents' school engagement in the face of discrimination. The significant two‐way interaction results revealed that both peer and family cultural socialisation tended to be protective‐reactive for socioemotional outcomes, wherein the benefits of cultural socialisation were realised under low‐risk but not high‐risk conditions for depressive symptoms. Our study provides a nuanced understanding of the moderating roles of cultural socialisation in the links between discrimination and adolescents' well‐being, and it highlights the importance of considering cultural socialisation from multiple contexts in examining ethnic minority adolescents' adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is one of the major stress response systems in the human body and it is sensitive to social evaluative stress. The functioning of HPA axis is commonly measured with cortisol. Research on cortisol has focused on cortisol reactivity and its diurnal rhythm using salivary cortisol to inform short-term stress responses. Cortisol can also be measured through hair, which tracks individuals' cumulative stress response. To more comprehensively understand cortisol levels and responses to stress, this study used a person-centered approach to examine stress response profiles based on individuals' cortisol reactivity, diurnal cortisol rhythms, and hair cortisol concentration. Participants were 290 Mexican-origin adolescents (Mage = 17.38; 52% female). Latent profile analysis was used to characterize stress response profiles identified using three daily salivary samples across four days, seven saliva samples throughout the Trier Social Stress Test, and hair cortisol. The resulting profiles were examined in relation to discrimination and covariates. Analyses identified two stress response profiles. Most of the participants (88%) were in the "lower" profile (blunted diurnal cortisol rhythm and lower pattern of cortisol reactivity) and the remainder were in the "higher" profile (elevated diurnal cortisol rhythm and increased pattern of cortisol reactivity). Adolescents in the "lower" group reported more discrimination than those in the "higher" group. Findings of the study demonstrate the first attempt to integrate different aspects of stress responses in the HPA axis. Results also highlight the blunting effects of discrimination on Mexican-origin adolescents' basal cortisol and responses to stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A secular trend of increased depressive symptoms among adolescents and early adults has received both scientific and media attention (Office of the Surgeon General, 2021). Research on cortisol and depression has revealed the important role of the HPA axis in internalizing disorders. But evidence remains mixed regarding the direction of effects, with findings of both higher and lower levels of diurnal cortisol associated with depressive symptoms. There is a need for new approaches to study the biological underpinnings of depressive symptoms. We analyzed diurnal cortisol among 141 adolescents (M age = 15.0; 59.7% female; 50.8% white). Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to characterize cortisol rhythms identified from four daily salivary samples (at waking, 30 minutes after waking, after school, and bedtime) taken over five days. Resulting profiles were examined in relation to reported stress, depressive symptoms, and other measures of psychosocial functioning. Analyses identified two cortisol profiles associated with elevated depressive symptoms. One had the lowest average cortisol levels at each sampling time throughout the day. The other corresponded to highly elevated diurnal cortisol, with both waking and bedtime levels exceeding 0.8 μg/dL. However, they diverged in associations with other aspects of psychosocial functioning. We will present the correlates of each diurnal profile and discuss implications for longitudinal work. Both elevated and suppressed cortisol rhythms were associated with higher depressive symptoms than those among adolescents with more typical rhythms. Using LPA to characterize diurnal cortisol may allow for better understanding of youth risk for depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]