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As a primitive driving force for biological reproduction, sexual behavior (and its associated mechanisms) is extremely complex, and orgasm plays an essential role. The limbic system plays a very important role in regulating human sexual behavior. However, it is not clear which components of the limbic system are related to orgasm sensation. We studied a rare case of spontaneous orgasmic aura in a male patient with temporal lobe epilepsy. Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) revealed that the right amygdala was the origin of orgasmic aura. Surgical removal of the medial temporal lobe, including the right amygdala, completely eliminated the patient's seizures. This study demonstrates the critical role of the amygdala in human male orgasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Presence and type of auras may have clinical value in refining ATL outcome predictors. • Abdominal aura is a factor for good outcomes in ATL epilepsy surgery. • Among patients with hippocampal sclerosis, those with aura had better outcomes. • Seizure onset zone of the orgasmic aura may come from the right amygdala. To explore the localization value of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) aura for preoperative evaluation, based on stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), and its prognostic value on the surgical outcome. The data of patients with drug-resistant TLE who had SEEG electrodes implanted during preoperative evaluation at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China (Hefei, China) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into aura-positive and aura-negative groups according to the presence of aura in seizures. To explore the clinical features of aura, we evaluated the localizing and prognostic values of aura for the outcome of anterior temporal lobectomy based on SEEG. Among forty patients, twenty-seven patients were in the aura-positive group and ten (25.0%) patients had multiple auras. The most common TLE aura was abdominal aura [thirteen (34.2%) patients]. The postoperative seizure frequency was significantly reduced in the preoperative aura-positive patients compared to the preoperative aura-negative patients (P = 0.011). Patients with abdominal (P = 0.029) and single (P = 0.036) auras had better surgical prognoses than aura-negative patients. In the preoperative evaluation, aura-positive patients had a better surgical outcome if the laterality of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) hypometabolism was concordant with the epileptogenic focus identified with SEEG (P = 0.031). A good postoperative epileptic outcome in aura-positive patients was observed among those with hippocampal sclerotic medial temporal lobe epilepsy (P = 0.025). Epileptic aura is valuable for the localization of the epileptogenic focus. Abdominal aura and single aura were good predictors of better surgical outcomes. Among patients with a preoperative diagnosis of hippocampal sclerosis or with laterality of PET-CT hypometabolism concordant with the epileptogenic focus identified using SEEG, those with aura are likely to benefit from surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]