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Anastrepha mitaraka Norrbom, new species Figs. 11, 54, 109, 134 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E1986F6E-DE16-4F86-9D18-7E392CFAB135 Diagnosis. Anastrepha mitaraka can be distinguished from other species of Anastrepha by the following combination of characters: V-band complete, connected to S-band; subapical hyaline area in radial cells distal to crossvein r-m extending anteriorly into cell r 1; oviscape 0.79 times as long as mesonotum; aculeus 2.34 mm long, ventrally curved; tip 0.25 mm long, nonserrate. In the key of Zucchi et al. (2011) it runs to A. flavipennis Greene, from which it differs in having cell bm hyaline and the aculeus more than 2.0 mm long, or A. belenensis Zucchi, from which it differs in having the V-band complete and connected to the S-band, the subapical hyaline area in the radial cells extending into cell r 1, and lacking a constriction near midlength on the aculeus tip. One sequence of A. mitaraka (MT 763869), from the holotype from French Guiana, was included in the COI barcode analysis of Moore et al. (in prep.). The smallest interspecific K2P distance was 5.6% with A. flavipennis Greene. Description. Mostly yellow to orange. Setae orange brown to red brown. Head: Yellow to orange except brown ocellar tubercle. 3 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, posterior seta well developed. Ocellar seta weak, approximately as long as ocellar tubercle. Facial carina, in profile, straight on dorsal twothirds. Antenna not extended to ventral facial margin. Palpus in lateral view dorsally curved, evenly setulose. Thorax: Mostly yellow to orange, most of scutum orange; with following areas white to pale yellow (poorly differentiated in holotype): postpronotal lobe and lateral margin of scutum bordering it; medial scutal vitta, broadly quadrate posteriorly, extending laterally to dorsocentral seta; sublateral scutal vitta from transverse suture to posterior margin, including base of intra-alar seta; scutellum; dorsal margins of anepisternum and katepisternum; katepimeron; and most of anatergite and katatergite. Scuto-scutellar suture without brown spot medially. Subscutellum and mediotergite entirely orange. Mesonotum 3.32 mm long. Postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, scutum and scutellum entirely microtrichose; scutal setulae orange, evenly distributed sublaterally. Chaetotaxy typical for genus. Katepisternal seta absent. Legs: Entirely yellow to orange. Wing (Fig. 54): Length 7.09 mm, width 3.08 mm, ratio 2.30. Apex of vein R 1 at 0.55 wing length, proximal to level of anterior end of crossvein r-m. Cell c 1.19 times as long as pterostigma; pterostigma 3.41 times as long as wide. Vein R 2+3 slightly sinuous. Crossvein r-m at 0.64 distance from bm-m to dm-m on vein M 1. Vein M 1 strongly curved apically; cell r 4+5 at apex 0.90 times as wide as at level of dm-m, 0.69 times as wide as maximum subapical width. Cell cu a with distal lobe moderately long, length of cu a 1.66 times as long as anterior margin, lobe 0.87 times as long as vein CuA+CuP. Wing pattern mostly orange and moderate brown. C-band mostly orange, cells bc and c orange, pterostigma mostly brown, distal margin in cells r 1 and r 2+3 narrowly brown, with small ovoid dark brown spot on fork of vein Rs, and with elongate faint brown marking in cell br opposite cell bm and with posterior margin of band in cell br narrowly brown. C-band and S-band broadly connected along vein R 4+5; hyaline marginal spot in cell r 1 subtriangular, with apex aligned proximal to anterior end of crossvein r-m. Basal hyaline area in cell dm relatively small. Basal half of S-band relatively broad, mostly orange, anterobasal margin mostly narrowly brown in cells r 1, r 2+3 and br, posterodistal margin mostly narrowly brown, but broadly posteriorly in cell m 4 extending to apex of lobe of cell cu a, with weak incision in cell m 4 (this area with teneral streak in holotype, perhaps normally without incision); distal section mostly orange, with margins in cells r 1 and r 2+3 and all of part in cell r 4+5 moderate brown; medium width, at apex of vein R 2+3 0.56 times width of cell r 2+3, slightly broader along vein R 4+5, barely extended to apex of vein M 1, without marginal hyaline areas; hyaline area proximal to apex of band extended into cell r 1. V-band with proximal arm moderately broad, mostly brown except for most of part in cell r 4+5, except proximal margin, and bordering most of crossvein dm-m; broadly connected to S-band along vein R 4+5; on posterior margin extended approximately three-fourths distance to vein CuA+CuP; distal arm slender, brown except anteriorly, connected to proximal arm; hyaline area between arms of V-band and vein M 1 approximately one-third width of cell cell r 4+5. Abdomen: Mostly orange, without brown markings. Female terminalia: Oviscape 2.61 mm long, 0.79 times as long as mesonotum; entirely orange; spiracle at basal 0.33. Eversible membrane not everted, partially visible through oviscape, with approximately 20 dorsobasal denticles in subtriangular pattern. Aculeus (Fig. 109) slightly ventrally curved in lateral view, 2.34 mm long, 0.90 times oviscape length; in ventral view base distinctly expanded, triangular, 0.23 mm wide, shaft 0.12 mm wide at midlength; tip (Fig. 134) 0.25 mm long, 0.11 times aculeus length, 0.08 mm wide at base and preapically, 3.13 times as long as wide; in ventral view gradually tapered, nonserrate; 0.07 mm wide in lateral view, 0.88 times ventral width. Spermathecae not examined. Distribution. Anastrepha mitaraka is known only from French Guiana. Biology. The host plants and other aspects of the biology of this species are unknown. Type data. Holotype ♀ (MNHNP USNMENT00875225), FRENCH GUIANA: [Saint-Laurent du Maroni: Maripasoula,] Mitaraka, site MIT-DZ, 2°14’1.8”N 54°27’1”W, 306 m, 1 Mar 2015, SLAM, J. Touroult & E. Poirier / MITARAKA/218 La Planète Revisitée —MNHN/PNI Guyane 2015. Etymology. The name of this species is a noun in apposition, the name of the region where the holotype was collected. Comments. This species has not been placed in a species group. In the COI analysis of Moore et al. (in prep.) it was placed as the sister group of A. flavipennis Greene., Published as part of Norrbom, Allen L., Muller, Alies, Gangadin, Anielkoemar, Sutton, Bruce D., Rodriguez, Erick J., Savaris, Marcoandre, Lampert, Silvana, Rodriguez, Pedro A., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Nolazco, Norma, Troya, Henry, Keil, Clifford B., Padilla, Anabel, Wiegmann, Brian M., Cassel, Brian, Branham, Marc & Ruiz-Arce, Raul, 2021, New species and host plants of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) primarily from Suriname and Pará, Brazil, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 5044 (1) on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5044.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5532026, {"references":["Zucchi, R. A., Uramoto, K. & Souza-Filho, M. F. de (2011) Chave ilustrada para as especies de Anastrepha da regiao Amazonia brasileira. In: Adaime da Silva, R., Lemos, W. P. & Zucchi, R. A. (Eds.), Moscas-das-frutas na Amazonia brasileira: Diversidade, hospedeiros e inimigos naturais. Embrapa Amapa, Macapa, pp. 71 - 90."]}

Anastrepha curvivenis Norrbom, new species Figs. 5, 6, 35–39, 79–81, 101–102, 125–126, 151–152 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4E08C8D0-5E5A-44B5-AE48-80D898AE6F89 Diagnosis. Anastrepha curvivenis can be distinguished from other species of Anastrepha by the following combination of characters: Setae dark redbrown to black; C-band and S-band separated; V-band complete, separated from S-band; vein M 1 very strongly curved apically (cell r 4+5 at apex 0.67–0.76 times as wide as at level of dm-m), reaching or almost reaching apex of S-band; oviscape 4.83–5.48 mm long, 1.32–1.41 times as long as mesonotum; aculeus tip nonserrate, relatively long (0.54–0.61 mm), and tapered most strongly subbasally; lateral surstylus short, with basolateral lobe; phallus> 5 mm long. It resembles A. costalimai Autuori, A. leptozona Hendel and A. barnesi Aldrich in wing pattern and venation and surstylus shape but differs from them in terminalia length and the shape of the aculeus tip. It also differs from the latter two species in lacking serrations on the aculeus tip. It resembles A. galbina Stone in the shape and length of the aculeus tip, but differs in having the V-band complete, vein M 1 more strongly curved apically, and the terminalia slightly longer. It also resembles A. scobinae Stone in wing pattern and the length of the aculeus tip, but differs in having vein M 1 more strongly curved apically, the oviscape brown apically, fewer dorsobasal denticles on the eversible membrane, and the aculeus tip more strongly tapered subbasally. In the key of Zucchi et al. (2011) A. curvivenis runs to A. furcata Lima or A. hendeliana Lima, from which it differs in having the C-band and S-band separated, A. leptozona, from which it differs as indicated above, or A. dissimilis, from which it differs in having vein M 1 more strongly curved apically, longer terminalia, and a longer aculeus tip. Five sequences of A. curvivenis, from four adult specimens from Suriname (MT672181 – MT672184) and one from Ecuador (BCE1117688), were included in the COI barcode analysis of Moore et al. (in prep.). There were four unique sequences. The five sequences of A. curvivenis formed a separate cluster (i.e., with a COI barcode gap), with a range in intraspecific K2P distance of 0.0–0.6%. The smallest interspecific K2P distance was 5.9% with A. leptozona. Description. Mostly yellow to orange. Setae dark red brown to black. Head: Yellow to orange except brown ocellar tubercle. 3–5 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, posterior seta well developed. Ocellar seta weak, 1–2 times as long as ocellar tubercle. Facial carina, in profile, straight or concave on dorsal two-thirds. Antenna not extended to ventral facial margin. Palpus in lateral view dorsally curved, evenly setulose. Thorax: Mostly yellow to orange, most of scutum orange to dark orange; with following areas white to pale yellow: postpronotal lobe and lateral margin of scutum bordering it; medial scutal vitta, narrow anteriorly, quadrate posteriorly, extending laterally to dorsocentral seta; sublateral scutal vitta from transverse suture to posterior margin, including base of intra-alar seta; scutellum; dorsal margins of anepisternum and katepisternum; katepimeron; and most of anatergite and katatergite. Scutum usually with narrow orange brown to brown band on posterior margin, often darkest laterally, not extended laterally to intra-alar seta; in Brazilian and Peruvian females absent or present only as diffusely brownish area between dorsocentral and intra-alar lines. Subscutellum and mediotergite entirely orange. Mesonotum 3.50–4.23 mm long. Postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, scutum and scutellum entirely microtrichose; scutal setulae orange, sometimes brownish on lateral margin, evenly distributed sublaterally. Chaetotaxy typical for genus. Katepisternal seta weak, orange, less than one-third length of anepisternal seta. Legs: Entirely yellow to orange. Wing (Figs. 35–39): Length 7.09–8.84 mm, width 2.91–3.65 mm, ratio 2.42–2.56. Apex of vein R 1 at 0.53–0.55 wing length, proximal to level of anterior end of crossvein r-m. Cell c 1.06–1.20 times as long as pterostigma; pterostigma 3.76–4.44 times as long as wide. Vein R 2+3 not sinuous. Crossvein r-m at 0.66–0.70 distance from bm-m to dm-m on vein M 1. Vein M 1 very strongly curved apically; cell r 4+5 at apex 0.67–0.76 times as wide as at level of dm-m, 0.55–0.59 times as wide as maximum subapical width. Cell cu a with distal lobe relatively long, length of cu a 1.65–1.82 times as long as anterior margin, lobe 0.71–0.83 times as long as vein CuA+CuP. Wing pattern mostly orange and moderate brown. C-band mostly orange, cells bc and c paler, bc and posterior part of cell c often subhyaline, pterostigma mostly moderate brown, distal margin of band in cells r 1 and r 2+3 narrowly brown, with small dark brown mark on fork of vein Rs, and in cell br usually with small to elongate irregular brown area in part anterior to cell bm and with elongate brown mark on distal margin of band. C-band and S-band broadly separated by hyaline band from cell bm to costa, usually slightly narrowed along vein R 4+5. Basal hyaline area in cell dm relatively large. Basal half of S-band relatively narrow, mostly orange, anterobasal margin mostly narrowly brown in cells br, r 1, and r 2+3, posterodistal margin narrowly brown anteriorly, more broadly posteriorly in cell m 4, extending to or usually into lobe of cell cu a, with weak or no incision in cell m 4; distal section orange, with most of margins and part in cell r 4+5 moderate brown; relatively broad, at apex of vein R 2+3 0.72–0.87 times width of cell r 2+3, extended to or almost to apex of vein M 1, without marginal hyaline areas; hyaline area proximal to apex of band extended to vein R 2+3. V-band with proximal arm relatively broad, mostly brown, orange medially in cell r 4+5 and bordering anterior part of crossvein dm-m; separated from S-band along vein R 4+5; on posterior margin extended two-thirds to three-fourths distance to vein CuA+CuP; distal arm mostly to entirely brown, connected to proximal arm; hyaline area between arms of V-band and vein M 1 one-third to two-thirds width of cell cell r. 4+5 Abdomen: Mostly orange, without brown markings. Female terminalia: Oviscape 4.83–5.56 mm long, 1.30–1.41 times as long as mesonotum; orange basally, distal two-thirds darker orange brown to brown; spiracle at basal 0.25–0.29. Eversible membrane (Figs. 79–81) withdorsobasal denticles in short but very broad pattern, with 70–80 relatively stout hooklike denticles in more than 10 V-shaped rows. Aculeus (Figs. 101–102) ventrally curved in lateral view, 4.57–5.24 mm long, 0.93–0.99 times oviscape length; in ventral view base distinctly expanded, triangular, 0.24–0.26 mm wide, shaft 0.100 – 0.135 mm wide at midlength; tip (Figs. 125–126) 0.54–0.62 mm long, 0.11–0.12 times aculeus length, 0.11–0.14 mm wide at base, 0.114 –0.135 preapically, 4.43–5.09 times as long as wide; in ventral view tapered subbasally, then gradually, nonserrate; 0.06–0.09 mm wide in lateral view, 0.50–0.67 times ventral width. Spermathecae not examined. Male terminalia (Figs. 151–152): Epandrium slightly shorter than high in lateral view, in posterior view with posterodorsal margin without medial V-shaped indentation. Lateral surstylus without basolateral lobe, relatively short, extended beyond prensisetae by 0.50 times length of prensiseta; in lateral view short, truncate, with small posterodistal lobe; in posterior view short, apex somewhat truncate, with subapical lateral lobe, medial margin convex. Proctiger with ventral and lateral sclerotized areas connected. Phallus 5.5 mm long, 1.54 times as long as mesonotum; glans 0.4 mm long. Distribution. Anastrepha curvivenis is known from Brazil (Amazonas), Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe), Peru (San Martín), and Suriname. In Suriname it was collected at Berg en Dal, Brownsberg and Nassau, although in relatively small numbers. Biology. The host plants and other aspects of the biology of this species are unknown. Type data. Holotype ♀ (USNM USNMENT01527082), SURINAME: Brokopondo: Berg en Dal, Bergendal Resort, [exit road, hilltop, 5.14908°N 55.07515°W, 29 m,] trap BD-ML-12, [24 May –] 6 Jun 2019, A. Muller. Paratypes: BRAZIL: Amazonas: Coari, Rio Urucu, RUC-27, 4°49’34”S 65°15’37”W, at mercury vapor light, 5–18 Mar 1994, P. F. Bührnheim et alia, 2♀ (INPA USNMENT01526557–58). ECUADOR: Zamora-Chinchipe: Soapaca, 3.91114°S 78.8299°W, 854 m, 21 Mar 2017, D. Elizalde, 1♀ (CNREE-AGROCALIDAD E11-17688). PERU: San Martín: Tarapoto, trampa 2,2,6,2, 9 Feb 2006, 1♀ (SENASA USNMENT00744647). SURINAME: Brokopondo: Brownsberg Nature Park, Leo Val trail, 4.95234°N 55.18755°W, 472 m, trap BNP-ML-29, 21 Jul–20 Aug 2016, A. Gangadin, 1♀ (NZCS USNMENT00875205). Sipaliwini: Nassau, 4.81445°N 54.61536°W, mercury vapor light, black light blue (HPL /BLB), 22–31 Jul 2016, A. J. Hielkema, 1♂ 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00875206 USNMENT00875208); same, 23–30 Jul 2016, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00875207). Etymology. The name of this species is a Latin adjective, from curvus, meaning curved, and vena, meaning vein, in reference to the strongly curved vein M 1. Comments. This species belongs to the leptozona species group as indicated by its wing pattern (C-band and S-band separated), venation (vein M 1 very strongly curved apically), and male surstylus shape (short, with lateroapical lobe). In the COI analysis of Moore et al. (in prep.), the five sequences of A. curvivenis form a separate cluster which is grouped with A. barnesi Aldrich and A. leptozona Hendel, other members of the leptozona group., Published as part of Norrbom, Allen L., Muller, Alies, Gangadin, Anielkoemar, Sutton, Bruce D., Rodriguez, Erick J., Savaris, Marcoandre, Lampert, Silvana, Rodriguez, Pedro A., Steck, Gary J., Moore, Matthew R., Nolazco, Norma, Troya, Henry, Keil, Clifford B., Padilla, Anabel, Wiegmann, Brian M., Cassel, Brian, Branham, Marc & Ruiz-Arce, Raul, 2021, New species and host plants of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) primarily from Suriname and Pará, Brazil, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 5044 (1) on pages 15-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5044.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5532026, {"references":["Zucchi, R. A., Uramoto, K. & Souza-Filho, M. F. de (2011) Chave ilustrada para as especies de Anastrepha da regiao Amazonia brasileira. In: Adaime da Silva, R., Lemos, W. P. & Zucchi, R. A. (Eds.), Moscas-das-frutas na Amazonia brasileira: Diversidade, hospedeiros e inimigos naturais. Embrapa Amapa, Macapa, pp. 71 - 90."]}

Alujamyia octopuncta Norrbom, n. sp. from Costa Rica and Molynocoelia car­me­nae Norrbom, n. sp. from Amazonian Ecuador (Orellana) and Peru (Cusco), are described and illustrated. New distribution records are reported for Alujamyia bella Norrbom (Costa Rica) and Molynocoelia erwini Norrbom (Peru: Madre de Dios), M. lutea Giglio-Tos (Colombia: Antioquia, Caldas, and Cundinamarca), and M. plumosa Norrbom (Peru: Loreto). A revised key to species of Alujamyia and an addendum to the key to species of Molynocoelia are provided., Nuevas especies Alujamyia octopuncta Norrbom de Costa Rica y Moly­no­coelia carmenae Norrbom de la Amazonia de Ecuador (Orellana) y Perú (Cus­co), son des­critas e ilustradas. Nuevos registros de distribución son reportados para Alujamyia bella Norrbom (Costa Rica) y Molynocoelia erwini Norrbom (Perú: Madre de Dios), M. lutea Giglio-Tos (Colombia: Antioquia, Caldas y Cun­di­namarca) y M. plumosa Norrbom (Perú: Loreto). Se proporciona una clave re­vi­sada para las especies de Alujamyia y una adición a la clave para las especies de Mo­lynocoelia., {"references":["Cumming, J.M. & Wood, D.M. 2017. Adult morphology and terminology. In: Kirk-Spriggs, A.H. & Sinclair, B.J. (Eds.), Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 1. Introductory chapters and keys to Diptera families. Suricata 4: 89‒133.","Giglio-Tos, E. 1893. Diagnosi di nuovi generi e di nuove specie di Ditteri. IX. Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata dell' Universita di Torino 8 (158): 1–14. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42761#page/209","Norrbom, A.L. 2006. A revision of the Neotropical genera Molynocoelia Giglio-Tos, Pseudophorellia Lima, and Alujamyia, n. gen. (Diptera: Tephritidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 35–36: 35–134. https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/43883/PDF","Norrbom, A.L. 2011. A new species of Molynocoelia Giglio-Tos (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Ecuador. Procee­dings of the Entomological Society of Washington 113: 492–496. https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.113.4.492","White, I.M., Headrick, D.H., Norrbom, A L. & Carroll, L.E. 1999. Glossary. In: Aluja, M. & Norrbom, A.L. (Eds.), Fruit flies (Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 881–924."]}

Cryptodacus obliquus Hendel Figs. 13, 18, 26, 36, 37 Additional description. Male abdomen: Mostly brown. Tergites 3���5 medially, and sometimes syntergite 1 + 2 posteromedially, with aligned narrow yellow spots or more complete marks forming vitta, marks sometimes minute or rarely absent on tergites 3���4; posterior margin of syntergite 1 + 2 and tergites 3���4 sometimes with posterior margin also narrowly yellow on medial 1 / 3 ��� 2 / 3. Tergite 5 also with at least posterior margin yellow, narrowing laterally, or more extensively yellow (at least anterior and lateral margins brown). Female abdomen (Fig. 26): Mostly brown. Tergites 3���5 medially with aligned narrow yellow spots or more complete marks forming vitta, marks sometimes minute or rarely absent on tergites 3���4. Tergite 6 mostly orange except laterally. Female terminalia (measurements, n= 2): oviscape orange (Fig. 26) stout, 1.52 mm long. Aculeus (Fig. 36) 1.14���1.26 mm long, 0.19���0.20 mm wide, tip (Fig. 37) 0.28���0.29 mm long, 0.12���0.14 mm wide, with 2 pairs of small steps or lobes at distal 0.65���0.68 and subapically. 3 spermathecae subspherical, with short base. Specimens examined. BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: Andr��s Iba��ez, Potrerillo del Guenda, clearing, 17.67074 ��S 63.45763 ��W, 401 m., Malaise trap, 9���17 Oct 2014, B. D. Sutton, A. L. Norrbom & E. Quisberth, 1 ♂ (FSCA); same, entrance road, 17.67172 ��S 63.45489 ��W, 413 m, trap ML-PG-03, 9���17 Oct 2014, 1♂ (FSCA); same, entrance road, 17.67211 ��S 63.45415 ��W, 412 m, trap ML-PG-04, 1 ♂ (USNM USNMENT 00875960); same, entrance road, across river, 17.67601 ��S 63.44715 ��W, 378 m, trap ML-PG-36, 1♂ 1 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 00875966- 67); same, entrance road, across river, 17.67506 ��S 63.44813 ��W, 374 m, trap ML-PG-38, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT 00875963); same, entrance road, across river, trail near 2 nd gate, 17.67689 ��S 63.44706 ��W, 382 m, trap ML-PG-33, 1♂ (FSCA); same, entrance road, across river, trail near 2 nd gate, 17.67657 ��S 63.44683 ��W, 383 m, trap ML-PG-34, 2♂ (FSCA), 2 ♂ (USNM USNMENT 00875961- 62); same, entrance road, across river, trail near 2 nd gate, 17.67635 ��S 63.44664 ��W, 385 m, trap ML-PG-35, 1♀ (FSCA); same, N trail, 17.66466 ��S 63.45963 ��W, 413 m, trap ML-PG-24, 1♂ (FSCA); same, N trail, 17.66312 ��S 63.45842 ��W, 410 m, trap ML-PG-26, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT 00875964); same, road to El Hondo, 17.67798 ��S 63.44761 ��W, 382 m, trap ML-PG-28, 2♂ (USNM USNMENT 00875958- 59); same, road to El Hondo, 17.67684 ��S 63.44624 ��W, 395 m, trap ML-PG-31, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT 00875968); same, road to El Hondo, 17.67684 ��S 63.44624 ��W, 395 m, trap ML-PG-31, 1♂ (SENASAG), 1 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 00875969); same, trail to old river bed, 17.6675 ��S 63.4561 ��W, 390 m, trap ML-PG-14, 1♂ (FSCA); same, trail to old river bed, 17.66809 ��S 63.45638 ��W, 401 m, trap ML-PG-15, 2♂ (FSCA). PERU: Cusco: Echarate region, Mar - Dec 2011, T. Guevara, 1 ♀ (FSCA) 1 ♀ (SENASA) 1 ♀ (USNM USNMENT 00875965). Comments. Previous records and description of this species were based only on males. The female abdomen and terminalia are described above. The aculeus tip has two pairs of small lobes or notches, differing from other species of the genus, in which the margin is serrate. The serrate tip is another synapomorphy for those species, further supporting the hypothesis that C. obliquus is the sister group of the remaining species of Cryptodacus (Norrbom 1994). The number of spermathecae in C. obliquus (3), also differs from the other species of Cryptodacus for which this character has been studied. This number also varies between the two species groups of the related genus Rhagoletotrypeta (Norrbom 1994)., Published as part of Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Rodriguez, Erick J., Norrbom, Allen L. & Ar��valo, Emilio, 2016, A new species and new records of Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, Bolivia and Peru, pp. 276-290 in Zootaxa 4111 (3) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4111.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/264878, {"references":["Norrbom, A. L. (1994) New species and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptodacus, Haywardina, and Rhagoletotrypeta (Diptera: Tephritidae). Insecta Mundi, 8, 37 - 65."]}

Cryptodacus trinotatus Norrbom & Korytkowski Figs. 4, 11, 12, 17, 21, 27, 32���34 Specimens examined. COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: La Mesa, entrada al sitio los Pinos [4 �� 63 ��� 87 ���N 74 �� 46 ��� 71 ���W], 1125 m, McPhail trap 24, 14 Jul 2015, L. Guerrero, 3 ♀ (ICAMF 00000046). Norte de Santander: Pamplonita, vereda San Rafael predio El Recuerdo [7,4443 N ��� 72,6332 W], 1658 m, McPhail trap 16, 29 abr 2014. 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000100). Comments. This species has been reported previously only from Panam�� (Norrbom & Korytkowski 2008). The examined specimens are the first record from Colombia and South America. Key. The following modifications to the key of Norrbom & Korytkowski (2008) are provided to include C. bernardoi: 2. Female abdominal tergites 5 and 6 with sublateral white areas bordering medial brown vitta or vittae. Crossvein dm-m entirely covered by discal band or, if covered by subapical band (C. lopezi), face yellow, with single ventromedial brown spot. Mexico, Central America...................................................................................... 3 - Female abdominal tergites 5 and 6 without sublateral white areas. Crossvein dm-m at most with posterior half covered by discal band. Face entirely yellow or with more than one brown marking. Costa Rica, South America..................... 4 A 4 A. Face yellow with brown markings (Fig. 10���12). Syntergite 1 + 2 mostly to entirely dark brown (Figs. 24, 26, 27), at most with apical white band. Vein R 4 + 5 not sinuous and crossvein dm-m nearly straight or slightly curved (Figs. 20, 21)............. 5 - Face entirely yellow, without brown markings (Figs. 5, 6, 8). Syntergite 1 + 2 entirely yellow (Figs. 22, 23). Apical section of vein R 4 + 5 and crossvein dm-m both sinuous (Fig. 19)....................... C. bernardoi Rodriguez & Rodriguez, n. sp., Published as part of Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Rodriguez, Erick J., Norrbom, Allen L. & Ar��valo, Emilio, 2016, A new species and new records of Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, Bolivia and Peru, pp. 276-290 in Zootaxa 4111 (3) on pages 283-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4111.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/264878, {"references":["Norrbom, A. L. & Korytkowski, C. A. (2008) New Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Panama, with a key to the known species. Zootaxa, 1773, 31 - 43."]}

Cryptodacus bernardoi Rodriguez & Rodriguez, new species Figs. 1, 2, 5 ���8, 14, 15, 19, 22, 23, 28 ���31, 38��� 42 Diagnosis. Modified couplets to the latter are provided to include C. bernardoi. It differs from all other species of Cryptodacus in the strongly sinuous shapes of the apical section of vein R 4 + 5 and crossvein dm-m. It differs from all other species except C. obliquus Hendel in lacking brown markings on the face; from all other species except C. trinotatus by the form of the sublateral postsutural vitta on the scutum, which is almost complete, but interrupted anterior to the intra-alar seta; and from other species except C. tau (Foote) by the entirely yellow abdominal syntergite 1 + 2 (Figs. 22, 23). Other useful diagnostic characters include: gena (Figs. 5, 6,) entirely yellow; posterior side of head yellow except lateral occipital sclerite with elongate brown spot; scutellum with base brown, brown area extended to basal scutellar seta; wing (Fig. 19) cell dm with basal and apical hyaline areas, discal band covering posterior part of crossvein dm-m, middle of dm-m without brown border; abdominal tergites 3���4 with broad brown bands, that on tergite 5 sometimes narrowly divided into 3 parts; oviscape yellow (Figs. 1, 20); aculeus tip with large serrations (Figs. 28���30). Description. Length 4.8 ���5.0 mm. Mesonotum length 1.5���1.7 mm. Wing length 3.2���3.5 mm, width 1.3���1.5 mm, length/width ratio: 2.3. Measurements made on holotype female and one paratype male. Head (Figs. 5���8): Mostly pale yellow. Ocellar tubercle brown. Orbital plate with irregular brown stripe. Frons with pair of large dark brown spots aligned with and including base of middle frontal seta. 3 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, well separated, distance between them 2.3���2.6 times distance from anterior seta to eye margin. Ocellar setae weak, 1.5 ���2.0 times length of ocellar tubercle. Lunule entirely dark brown. Face entirely pale yellow, without brown spots; ventral margin strongly arched; gena and postgena entirely pale yellow. Posterior side of head entirely pale yellow except lateral occipital sclerite with elongate brown spot. Clypeus, prementum and palpus entirely yellow. Antenna with scape and pedicel yellow, first flagellomere dark yellow except moderate brown on apex, elongate, 4.5 ���5.0 times as long as wide, apex flattened, in lateral view rounded. Arista short pubescent on distal half. Thorax (Figs. 14, 15): Mostly dark brown to black, with following whitish markings: postpronotal lobe and presutural lateral margin of scutum, connected to band on transverse suture; band on transverse suture (interrupted medially), extended across posterior part of notopleuron and posterior margin of anepisternum, almost reaching katepisternum; elongate spot on dorsal margin of katepisternum, not extending to katepisternal seta; single medial and paired sublateral postsutural vittae on scutum, medial vitta short, extended anteriorly almost to level of transverse suture, and posteriorly to midway between levels of acrostichal and dorsocentral setae, lateral vitta connected to band on transverse suture, extending almost to level of postalar seta but not reaching intra-alar seta; rectangular area posterior and lateral to intra-alar seta; and scutellum except base, brown part extending to and including base of basal scutellar seta. Scutum entirely microtrichose. Chaetotaxy normal for genus, postpronotal, 2 notopleural, 1 anepisternal, anepimeral, katepisternal, postsutural supra-alar, intra-alar, postalar, dorsocentral, acrostichal, and 2 scutellar setae well developed. Presutural supra-alar seta relatively small, half to two-thirds size of postsutural supra-alar seta. Dorsocentral seta aligned one-half to two-thirds distance from postsutural supra-alar seta to postalar seta. Legs mostly pale yellow, mid and hind coxae with small lateral brown areas, fore and mid tibiae pale brown, hind tibia dark brown, all tarsi pale brown. Wing (Fig. 19): With 4 bands: subbasal band, entirely brown, extended from cells bc and c to midlength of vein CuA+CuP, covering base of cell br, all of cells bm and bcu, and base of cell m 4 (except bordering fold); discal band, connected to subbasal band in cell c, curved posteriorly and extended to posterior wing margin distally in cell m 4, covering cell r 1 posterior to pterostigma, base of cell r 2 + 3, apex of cell br, crossvein r-m and posterior half of crossvein dm-m, dark brown anteriorly, from cell r 1 to middle of cell dm orange medially with broad, dark brown margins, posterior quarter paler brown; narrow, brown subapical band from distal part of cell r 1 to anterior end of crossvein dm-m, faint in cells r 1 and r 2 + 3; and narrow faint brown anterior apical band from distal part of cell r 2 + 3 to apex of vein M 1. Vein M 4 very narrowly bordered by brown between subbasal and discal bands. Cell dm with anterior apical corner hyaline. Crossvein r-m at 0.71 distance from bm-m to dm-m, entirely covered by dark brown distal margin of discal band. Crossvein dm-m and apical section of vein R 4 + 5 sinuous. Abdomen (female, Figs. 1, 22, male, Figs. 2, 23): Predominantly yellow, including all of syntergite 1 + 2. Tergite 3 with broad dark brown band. Tergite 4 and female tergite 5 with broad dark brown band or series of narrowly separated rectangular marks. Male tergite 5 laterally with paired ovoid brown marks, longer than wide, and medially with much smaller, inverted U-shaped brown mark or pair of brown spots. Female tergite 6 laterally with paired rectangular brown mark, medially usually with two small brown spots. Tergites with sparse black setulae. Female terminalia (Figs. 22, 28��� 31): oviscape pale yellow, 0.89���0.92 mm long (n= 2). Aculeus (Fig. 28) 0.60 mm long, tip (Figs. 29, 30) 0.10 mm long, with apical 0.04 mm triangular and serrate, 0.05 mm wide, with 6���9 teeth on each side. Two spermathecae (Fig. 31) subcylindrical, with helical surface texture and elongate base. Male terminalia (Figs. 38���42): epandrium in lateral view wider than long, dorsally dark brown with black setulae, ventrally pale brown. Lateral surstylus in lateral view 3.5 times longer than wide, with glabrous, slightly curved elongated acute apex and distinct anteromedial lobe. Medial surstylus elongate two-thirds as long as lateral surstylus. Proctiger ovoid, entirely membranous, with sparse minute brown setulae. Distiphallus (Figs. 39, 41) moderately long and slender in ventral and lateral views, apex of internal tube bilobed. Type data. Holotype ♀ (IAvH), COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Anolaima, Vereda Santo Domingo, finca Villa Mariana [4.80171 ��N 74.47542 ��W], 1532 m, multilure trap, 3 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, A. L. Norrbom. Paratypes: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca: Anolaima, Vereda Santo Domingo, finca Villa Mariana, 1532 m, multilure trap, 3 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, A. L. Norrbom, 1 ♂ (USNM); same locality, multilure trap, 21 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, 2 ♀ (ICAMF 00000044); same, multilure trap, 28 Sep 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, 2 ♀ (FSCA); same locality, reared from fruits of Phoradendron sp. near piperoides (Kunth) Trel., collected 13 Sep 2015, emerged 1 Oct 2015, P. A. Rodriguez, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (USNM). Guaduas, Vereda el Raisal, predio el Caj��n km 39 v��a Bogot��-Guaduas [5 ��07���09���N 74 �� 57 ���02���W], 1421 m, McPhail trap 18, 22 Aug 2014, E. Quiroga, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ICAMF 00000045). Distribution. Cryptodacus bernardoi is known only from Colombia in Cundinamarca department in the municipios of Anolaima and Guaduas at middle altitudes on the west side of the eastern cordillera. Host plant. Three of the paratypes were reared from tiny fruits of Phoradendron sp. near piperoides (Kunth) Trel. (Figs. 43, 44), which was found parasitizing the upper part of a Psidium guajava L. shrub. This host plant is locally known by the common names ���mu��rdago���, ���matapalo���, ���injerto��� and ���pajarito���. Phoradendron is variously classified in the Santalaceae or Viscaceae. The only previous host data for Cryptodacus was the single record of C. silvai Lima from fruit of ���herva de passarinho��� (Loranthus sp.) from southern Brazil (Lima 1947). The Loranthaceae, Santalaceae (and Viscaceae, when recognized as distinct from Santalaceae) belong to the order Santalales, many of which are parasitic plants. Etymology. This species is named for Jos�� Bernardo Rodr��guez, father of the senior author. Comments. This species runs with difficulty in the keys of Norrbom (1994) and Norrbom & Korytkowski (2008). C. bernardoi may be most closely related to C. lopezi Norrbom, which has a similar aculeus, or it may belong to a clade along with that species and C. tau and trinotatus. The abdominal pattern is intermediate between those species, which have a distinct medial brown vitta or pair of vittae bordered by white or yellow sublateral areas on at least tergite 5 and female tergite 6, and the predominantly brown pattern in other species. In C. bernardoi the bands on tergites 4���5 in the male and 5���6 in the female may be interrupted. These four species also have the head mostly or entirely yellow posteriorly. The males were described only for C. bernardoi, C. obliquus, C. parkeri and C. tau., Published as part of Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Rodriguez, Erick J., Norrbom, Allen L. & Ar��valo, Emilio, 2016, A new species and new records of Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, Bolivia and Peru, pp. 276-290 in Zootaxa 4111 (3) on pages 277-279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4111.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/264878, {"references":["Lima, A. M. da C. (1947) Uma nova mosca de fruta do genero Cryptodacus. Anais de Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 19, 153 - 157.","Norrbom, A. L. (1994) New species and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptodacus, Haywardina, and Rhagoletotrypeta (Diptera: Tephritidae). Insecta Mundi, 8, 37 - 65.","Norrbom, A. L. & Korytkowski, C. A. (2008) New Cryptodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Panama, with a key to the known species. Zootaxa, 1773, 31 - 43."]}