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Polymer materials packagings are quickly deposited in dumps due to the short life time as a useable product. Recycling of polymer waste, mainly polyolefines, which constitute 60% of them, on the technological lines operating according to the Polish technology seems to be a long-term solution. According to this technology, the used polymers after melting flow down to the reactor, where they undergo thermal degradation in the presence of catalyst. A product which can be processed in refineries for fuel is obtained. The studies leading to the improvement of the properties of the obtained product are still conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Used polymer plastics have high fuel values (approximately 40 MJ/kg for polyolefines). Therefore, they constitute perfect energy materials. Thermodestruction of used products and wastes of polymer plastics on specialized installations seems to be a long-term method to manage this group of wastes in chemical recycling with the destination to obtain fuel ingredients. Application of this technology allows for reduction the quantity of municipal waste. This enables also to obtain the valuable fuel components. In the Department of Environment Chemistry and Technology of Institute of Chemistry at the University of Silesia and in enterprises using the installation for the thermodestruction of used polymer plastics it was studied influence of different catalyst on course of thermodestruction. According to an innovatory technology elaborated in the enterprise called “Speranda-1” Sp. z o.o. the dirty used products of polymer plastics and wastes after melting flow down to the bottom part of the reactor, where they undergo thermal degradation due to a contact with the catalyst. It was ascertained that type of catalyst influences the course of the primary and secondary destruction processes and is of fundamental importance for capacity of this process and for the composition of the obtained products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some oligoesters were synthesized in order to study changes of the useful properties of hyper-branched unsaturated polyesters. The determination of the polymer relaxation properties allows for characterization of their structure. Useful properties of the polymers such as stability and persistence depend on their structure. The aim of the investigation was to obtain model oligoesters with low molecular weight and to study their properties by spectroscopic and the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) methods. The synthesis was performed with the use of ethylene glycol and the mixture of maleic anhydride and phthalic acid which allowed us to obtain linear unsaturated polyesters. The cross-linking process of synthesized model oligoesters was performed using styrene as a cross-linking agent. The NMR and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis were used for the description of purity and the structure of the obtained products. Relaxation properties of the synthesized oligoesters, course of their cross-linking and relaxation properties of the cross-linked products were studied by DMTA methods. In the synthesized oligoesters and cross-linked products α and β-relaxation processes were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the TG data of rubber granulates, different polyurethane and composites it can be seen that the thermal decomposition for the rubber granulate and all of the composites start above 520 K. Two major mass losses for the rubber granulates and majority of the composites were observed and thermal decomposition is essentially complete by ~820 K. The changes of activation energies of lower and higher temperature decomposition, calculated according to the different equations were observed for a priori assumed first-order reaction for devolatilisation. Differences between determined and calculated results could suggest a possible reaction between polyurethane agents and rubber granulate during the composites formations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]