Search

Graphene oxide (GO) and MXene are innovative materials of 2D heterostructured nanomaterials that evolved and found many applications. Because of the outstanding porosity, high specific surface area (SSA), environmental friendliness, structural properties, and chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability of GO and MXene are extensively utilized to manufacture Li-batteries, hydrogen storage semiconductors and water desalination membranes. The GO-based composites are superior to MXene-based composites in desalinating the water because of their excellent SSA (2391 m2/g), high mechanical strength (470 GPa), and Electrical conductivity (4.12 × 10−5 S.cm−1) and thermal conductivity (2–1000 W/mk). Compared to GO, MXene has more inferiority regarding stability and recyclability. The highest salt rejection capacity of GO-CD-PA and MXene slit membranes are 99.9 % and > 90 %, respectively. Adding polymer-based nanomaterial can enhance the salt rejection performance chemical, thermal and mechanical stability of GO and MXene. Adding polymers also positively impacts the unit-fouling characteristics of GO and MXene. The current review paper compares the physical and chemical properties of GO and MXene that have a viable impact on the desalination of the GO and MXene-based membranes. The synthesizing route is another factor that significantly impacts the structure and desalination performance of GO and MXene. Both 2D materials synthesized via traditional techniques have poor desalination capability compared to those synthesized via advanced or modified synthesizing techniques. Membrane fouling is a critical issue to limit the applications of membranes, and ways to handle these issues are addressed. This paper briefly introduces the various synthesizing techniques of GO and MXene. The basic objective of the paper is to compare the desalination performance of GO and MXene. The challenges and prospects of GO and Mxene were discussed. The authors believe this contribution addresses important and recent problems related to the desalination industry. • Comparison mechanisms of the Graphene and MXene-based membranes are highlighted. • Holistic characteristics of Graphene and MXene were narrated. • Graphene has superb desalination capability, recyclability and stability compared to MXene-based membranes. • Challenges and prospects associated with Graphene and MXene-based nanomaterial have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXenes are an innovative class of 2D nanostructured materials gaining popularity for various uses in medicine, chemistry, and the environment. A larger outer layer area, exceptional stability and conductivity of heat, high porosity, and environmental friendliness are all characteristics of MXenes and their composites. As a result, MXenes have been used to produce Li-ion batteries, semiconductors, water desalination membranes, and hydrogen storage. MXenes have recently been used in many environmental remediations, frequently surpassing conventional materials, to treat groundwater contamination, surface waters, industrial and municipal wastewaters, and desalination. Due to their outstanding structural characteristics and the enormous specific surface area, they are widely utilized as adsorbents or membrane materials for the desalination of seawater. When used for electrochemical applications, MXene-composites can deionize via Faradaic capacitive deionization (CDI) and adsorb various organic and inorganic pollutants to treat the water. In general, as compared to other 2D nanomaterials, MXene has superb characteristics; because of their magnificent characteristics and they exhibit strong desalination capability. The current review paper discusses the desalination capability of MXenes and their composites. Focusing on the desalination capacity of MXene-based nanomaterials, this study discusses the characteristics and synthesis techniques of MXenes their composites along with their ion-rejection capability and pervaporation desalination of water via MXene-based membranes, capacitive deionization capability, solar desalination capability. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of MXenes and their composites are highlighted. [Display omitted] • MXenes and MXene-based nanomaterials for desalinating salty water have been reviewed. • Extensive investigation on the characteristics of MXene has been presented. • The ability of MXenes to regenerate and their processes for removing salt are evaluated. • MXene-based material for desalination and future challenges was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several 2D nanomaterials are available for the adsorption of various contaminants. However, MXene-based 2D nano-adsorbents possess many fascinating characteristics compared to the traditional 2D nano-adsorbents. The properties include excellent thermochemical stability, large specific surface area, large thermal and electrical conductivity, and many active sites, very high active functional groups, superb adsorption/reduction capability. These outstanding properties make MXene-based adsorbents attractive for the adsorption of various pollutants from wastewater. They are widely used for the adsorption of harmful contaminants with effective removal power, suitable adsorption capacity and selectivity. The number of thermophysical key factors are water quality, adsorbent quantity/amount, pH, adsorption time, and the valuable impact of adsorption temperature on the elimination efficiency of MXene-based adsorbents. This review extensively compares various synthesizing techniques of MXene and MXene-based membranes, and their superb characteristics of MXene are discussed thoroughly. In addition, it provides extensive, advanced, and the latest reliable data results on the removal of various contaminants via MXene-based adsorbent, including radioactive, organic and inorganic pollutants, compared to the previously published articles. Furthermore, the difficulties and directions for upcoming research are presented. Overall, the most recent research findings for a trustworthy understanding of MXene behaviour as adsorbents are narrated. [Display omitted] • The efficiency of Ti3C2Tx adsorbent for micropollutant removal was narrated. • The underlying mechanism Ti3C2Tx's outstanding adsorption efficiency is explained. • MXene-based adsorbent synthesizing methods are discussed. • MXene-based adsorbents possessed the highest adsorption capacity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Tribological performance of the non-aqueous miscible lubricants is reviewed. • Vegetable oils as a sustainable and environmentally friendly lubricant is explored. • Nanolubricants based on ionic liquids (ILs) are presented. • Nanolubricants for high-temperature applications. This review presents the literature review on the recent research on the tribological performance of non-water miscible lubricants. First, the paper reviewed the tribological properties of vegetable oil, blend oil, synthetic oil and ionic liquid. Aside from that, the tribological performance of lubricants with ionic liquids (ILs) and nanoparticles is being studied. According to the findings, more research should be conducted into oil-miscible ILs for mineral, vegetable oils and nanolubricant. The review has also explained the dispersion stability, viscosity and viscosity index, thermal conductivity, thermal-oxidative stability and tribological performance of nanolubricant. Finally, future recommendations on lubricant research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Low temperature molten salt was synthesized for thermal energy storage. • Graphene doped low temperature molten salt shows enhancement in heat capacity and thermal conductivity. • No Alteration in thermal stability before and after doping graphene in molten salt. • Good prediction of heat capacity and thermal conductivity by various models except Nan's model. Enhancement of heat capacity and thermal conductivity with the dispersion of graphene nanoparticles into low-temperature eutectic salt was investigated. Three different nanoparticle concentrations (0.01, 0.05 & 0.1 wt. %) were dispersed into a eutectic salt mixture composed of 5.66% NaNO 3 , 21.25% KNO 3 , 24.75% Ca(NO 3) 2 , 41% CsNO 3 , & 7.34% LiNO 3 by weight. The results show that the graphene doping resulted in enhanced heat capacity ranging from 5 to 13%, whereas thermal conductivity increased marginally by ˜3%, with respect to graphene concentration. Various theoretical models were tested to predict the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the graphene-doped eutectic salt. The Maxwell and Hamilton-Crosser thermal conductivity models showed good agreement with experimental results, with a deviation of ±3%, while Nan's thermal conductivity model over-predicted the thermal conductivity value. The conventional heat capacity equation fits well with the experimental data, with deviation <14%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]