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This work examined the thermoluminescence dosimetry characteristics of Ag-doped ZnO thin films. The hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize Ag-doped ZnO thin films with variant molarity of Ag (0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mol%). The structure, morphology, and optical characteristics were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), photoluminescence (PL), and UV–vis spectrophotometers. The thermoluminescence characteristics were examined by exposing the samples to X-ray radiation. It was obtained that the highest TL intensity for Ag-doped ZnO thin films appeared to correspond to 0.5 mol% of Ag, when the films were exposed to X-ray radiation. The results further showed that the glow curve has a single peak at 240–325 °C, with its maximum at 270 °C, which corresponded to the heating rate of 5 °C/s. The results of the annealing procedures showed the best TL response was found at 400 °C and 30 min. The dose–response revealed a good linear up to 4 Gy. The proposed sensitivity was 1.8 times higher than the TLD 100 chips. The thermal fading was recorded at 8% for 1 Gy and 20% for 4 Gy in the first hour. After 45 days of irradiation, the signal loss was recorded at 32% and 40% for the cases of 1 Gy and 4 Gy, respectively. The obtained optical fading results confirmed that all samples' stored signals were affected by the exposure to sunlight, which decreased up to 70% after 6 h. This new dosimeter exhibits good properties for radiation measurement, given its overgrowth (in terms of the glow curve) within 30 s (similar to the TLD 100 case), simple annealing procedure, and high sensitivity (two times that of the TLD 100). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ZnO 99.5-x /Ag 0.5 /Y x (where 0≤ x ≤ 10) nanopowders were synthesized by using the hydrothermal method. The structural, optical and thermoluminescence properties of the prepared nanopowders were experimentally examined. Moreover, the effect of yttrium (Y) dopant ratio on the studied properties was discussed in details. The structural, morphological, optical properties of the prepared TL material were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) respectively. The pellets of the nanopowders were exposed to X-ray doses of up to 4 Gy to investigate their thermoluminescence response, sensitivity and reproducibility. The glow curve for the ZnO/Ag/Y sample was observed at yttrium dopant ratio of 7% mol and the main peak corresponding to 165 °C. The heating rate of 7 °C/s was found to be consistent with the highest TL intensity at a low standard deviation. The best TL response with minimum standard deviation was observed at 300 °C. The optimum annealing time corresponding to the highest TL response was 30 min. The study demonstrated a linear dose response with a strong correlation coefficient equal to 0.999. The sensitivity of the co-doped ZnO/Ag/Y nanopowders (pellets) was found to be 0.28, which is lower than that of TLD-100 chips by 3.5 times. The results demonstrated the suitability of the novel synthesized TL material for electronic and dosimetry applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrated a novel sensor based on a semiconductor–metal–semiconductor multilayer film for photonic dosimetry that was synthesized at 300 °C using radiofrequency RF sputtering. The dosimetric properties of samples exposed to X-ray doses of up to 4 Gy were investigated. The system ZnO (300 nm) /Ag (50 nm) /ZnO (x nm) was chosen based hiest thermoluminescence TL intensity. The glow curve exhibited a single peak with a maximum temperature peak Tm of 246 °C. In addition, the proposed dosimeter has a linear dose-response up to 4 Gy. The heating rate with the highest TL intensity was 3 °C/s. The best annealing protocol for optimal TL intensity and minimum standard deviation was found at 200 °C and 30 min. Most dosimeter parameters were investigated, including homogeneity, precision, and fading properties.. The kinetic parameters of the dosimeter were calculated and employed two methods: peak shape and initial rise. The results showed that the trap has activation energies at 0.51 and 0.53 eV and frequency factor between 0.25 × 108 and 0.5 × 109. Other features, like recycling, the receding of TL at room temperature, and optical fading, have been investigated. The suggested dosimeter demonstrated good radiation-measuring characteristics. The glow curve was immediately acquired, the annealing process was uncomplicated, and the dosimeter had a high sensitivity of 1.49 of TLD-100, making it suitable for radiation monitoring. • ZnO (300 nm) /Ag (50 nm) /ZnO (x) thin films were synthesized using RF sputtering. • The structural and optical properties were investigated. • Dosimetric properties of thin film was studied via TLD reader 3500. • The newly dosimeter exhibited single TL peak and good stability. • Kinetic parameters were calculated using two methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrated a novel dosimeter ZnO/Ag/ZnO) multilayer thin films that were fabricated via radiofrequency and direct current RF/DC sputtering at room temperature. The sequence of ZnO (200 nm) Ag (x nm) ZnO (50 nm) was selected with Ag layer of varying thickness (x = 5, 10, 14, 20, 30, and 40 nm). The dosimetric properties were investigated where samples were irradiated with X-ray doses in the range of 0.01–4 Gy. The optimum TL intensity found at ZnO (200 nm), Ag (10 nm) ZnO (50 nm). The glow curve revealed a single peak, the dosimetric peak consistent to 230 °C. In contrast, the best heating rate and annealing temperature and time recorded 3 °C/s, 200 °C, and 30 min respectively. The dose-response demonstrated good linearity within the dose range of 0.01–4 Gy. The other properties have been studied, such as reused, thermal fading, and optical fading; the results in this study revealed that the new host dosimeter exhibits a suitable TL property for radiation detection. The Photoluminescence PL study depicted two sharp peaks of ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer thin films at both visible regions at 740–810 nm and UV region of 380 nm (band-edge), corresponding to deep-level emission (DLE) and exciton emission respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), and Ultra-Violet Visible (UV–Vis) were utilized to study crystalline structure, morphology, and element composites and optical properties respectively. • ZnO/Ag/ZnO multilayer system grown successfully by (RF/DC) sputtering. • The glow curve revealed a single peak corresponding with dosimetric peak located at 230 °C. • Photoluminescence and thermoluminescence properties have been investigated. • The multilayer system demonstrates remarkable repeated irradiation reproducibility without pre-irradiation. • The best heating rate and annealing temperature and time recorded 3 °C/s, 200 °C, and 30 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for highly sensitive radiation dosimeters is increasing. Recent research underscores the effectiveness of MgSO 4 :Dy 2 O 3 –B 2 O 3 and MgSO 4 :Dy 2 O 3 –B 2 O 3 :ZnO as new thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) in comparison to the commercial TLD-100. Two series of glass ceramics, [(MgSO 4) 86 (Dy 2 O 3) 14 ] x [B 2 O 3 ] 1-x with x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and [MgSO 4 -Dy 2 O 3 –B 2 O 3 ] 0 · 2 [ZnO] x with x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, were successfully prepared using the melt quenching technique. The synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The XRD pattern confirmed the transparent ceramic nature of the samples, while DTA revealed their thermal stability. FTIR analysis identified the expected composition and vibrational bonds. Upon irradiation, the samples MSDB0.2 and MSDBZ0.05 exhibited the highest sensitivity and dose response, with TLD readings of 1278.84 nC and 3262.63 nC, respectively, compared to the TLD-100 reading of 213.45 nC. This enhanced sensitivity is attributed to MgSO 4 :Dy 2 O 3 and ZnO, which facilitate charge carrier movement and effective trapping and release of charges in borate glass ceramics. The increase in sensitivity indicates improved accuracy, highlighting the potential of these materials as high performance radiation dosimeters for environmental and medical applications. • A novel high sensitivity transparent glass ceramic system: MgSO 4 :Dy 2 O 3 –B 2 O 3 and MgSO 4 :Dy 2 O 3 –B 2 O 3 :ZnO as new thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) compared to the commercial TLD-100. • In TLD readings, the samples coded MSDB0.2 and MSDBZ0.05 exhibited the highest sensitivity and dose response, with TLD readings of 1278.84 and 3262.63 nC, respectively, compared to the TLD-100 reading of 213.45 nC. • Investigation of FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal properties. • Investigation of TLD properties, including dose response, sensitivity, minimum detectable dose, thermal and optical fading, and reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]