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The thermal performance of the internal heat transfer fluid was an important factor affecting the heat transfer efficiency of the exchanger system. This study reports a nanofluid that achieves long-term stability without any additives. The synthesized environmentally friendly N-doped carbon quantum dots nanoparticles (N-CQDs) had a uniform particle size distribution, with particle sizes concentrated between 2 and 2.5 nm. The stability, thermophysical properties and rheological characteristics of N-CQDs nanofluids were investigated. The results showed that the Turbiscan stability index of N-CQDs nanofluid was about 1.5 and the ΔT value fluctuated within 0.5 %, showing excellent stability. The thermal conductivity of 0.1 vol% of N-CQDs nanofluid increased by 43.21 % at 50 °C compared to the base fluid. The specific heat capacity decreases with increasing nanofluid loading. The viscosity of N-CQDs nanofluid behaves as a Newtonian fluid. In addition, the models for estimating the viscosity and thermal conductivity of N-CQDs nanofluids are proposed, respectively. Due to the different particle sizes and shapes of nanoparticles, the proposed model can better predict the thermal conductivity and viscosity of N-CQDs nanofluids compared with other empirical models. [Display omitted] • The prepared N-CQDs nanofluids have excellent long-term stability. • The thermal properties of N-CQDs nanofluids have been enhanced. • The viscosity of N-CQDs nanofluids with different concentrations was measured. • The new models are proposed for estimating the thermal conductivity and viscosity of N-CQDs nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microchannel technology is an effective method to solve the heat transfer of microelectronics. Nanofluids are considered to have great application potential in microchannel heat exchangers. In this experiment, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was used to modify ZrO 2 nanoparticles. The morphology, functional group, and crystal structure of the nanoparticles before and after modification were studied. Ethylene glycol aqueous solution-based nanofluids were prepared using a two-step method. Its physical properties were studied. The modified nanofluid has better stability. The thermal conductivity of the nanofluid was measured and the mathematical model was analyzed. The results showed that the nanofluid with a concentration of 0.10 vol% was 37.82% higher than the base fluid at 60 °C. The results of the mathematical analysis indicate that the fabrication of nanofluids using β-cyclodextrin-modified ZrO 2 has great potential for application in heat transfer in microelectronic microchannels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid nanofluids have research potential and value in heat exchange. In this study, the stability, thermal conductivity and viscosity of thermally conductive oil-based silicon carbide-multi-walled carbon nanotube (SiC-MWCNT/Oil) hybrid nanofluids were investigated under different conditions. It was observed that the SiC-MWCNT/Oil hybrid nanofluid with a dispersant content of 3.0 wt% had the best stability. Both temperature and concentration were important factors that affect thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity increased more significantly with the temperature increasing. At the same time, nanoparticles would not only increase the thermal conductivity of the fluid but also greatly increase the viscosity of the heat transfer oil. Through data analysis, a certain amount of SiC and MWCNT nanoparticles could make the heat transfer oil have better thermophysical properties. The thermal conductivity of the SiC-MWCNT/Oil hybrid nanofluid with a concentration of 1.00 vol% was increased by 22.58% at 80 °C. SiC-MWCNT/Oil hybrid nanofluids have great application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]