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Changes in the climate conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine, frequent placement of spring barley after the sunflower predecessor and many other reasons, cause the necessity to improve the system of basic tillage for spring barley in the direction of its minimization taking into account the technologies of growing crops. The issue of basic tillage for spring barley after sunflower, which is fairly common predecessor today, has not been studied yet. In this case, based on the complex experimental studies the effect of different types of basic tillage and their impact on the yield of spring barley in the Luhansk region has been studied. The aim of the research was to determine the best methods of basic tillage for spring barley with general background post-harvest residues of all field crops, application of mineral fertilizers and the influence of these factors on the yield of spring barley in Luhansk region. The following types of spring barley were sown during the experiment – Adapt, Stalker, Helios, Vakula. As a result of the conducted researches the best indicators were obtained at non-shelf tillage with the usage of modern aggregates and with joint application of Ammonium nitrate and Diammonium phosphate, at all biometric indicators of the studied culture. Since such tillage has not only loosened it well, but also ensured better accumulation and retention of moisture, which further affected the yield of spring barley plants in the area of insufficient moisture. Such strains as Stalker and Helios had the highest rates with the combined use of Ammonium Nitrate and Diammonium Phosphate in shelfless tillage at the level of 47,5 c/ha and 58,8 c/ha accordingly. Shelf tillage gave less results with such a fertilizer system. The lowest indicators were in the variant of disking in all studied samples

Today, in the scientific and practical field, as well as a long time later, much attention is paid to improving the quality and quantity of yield. To obtain the desired results, we considered various systems of basic soil tillage in the growing of winter wheat, namely, determined the influence of basic soil tillage systems on the autumn development of winter wheat in the Luhansk region. The results of research of the influence of the basic soil tillage and the forecrop on the density and content of productive moisture in the soil layer of ordinary chernozems and on the autumn phases of development of winter wheat variety “Antara” are discussed. The research was performed in 2018‒2020 in the fields of the department of scientific and technical training in agronomy and farms located in the north-central moderately arid subzone of Luhansk region. Three methods of soil tillage have been studied by us: moldboard ploughing ‒ depth 22 cm; moldboard- less disking ploughing ‒ depth 10 cm; moldboard-free subsurface cultivation ‒ depth 12 cm. Forecrops: occupied fallow, sunflower, maize. The research was performed according to generally accepted methods. By means of research was established the advantage of moldboard ploughing over moldboardless ploughing. Moldboard soil ploughing contributed to the creation of lower density in the arable horizon under different forecrops, greater microbiological activity of the soil, better water supply during the autumn vegetative season. Moldboard ploughing increased access to nutrients such as potassium and nitrogen, and moldboardless ploughing accumulated available phosphorus. Improving the agrophysical properties of the soil contributed to the formation of better biometric indices in the autumn vegetative season. The height of the plants where the soil was plowed to the depth 22 cm was higher compared to the height of the plants with moldboard- less disking ploughing to the depth 10 cm. This affected the number of stems, which also increased, the number of leaves and roots increased, respectively. The depth of the tillering node increased relative to the increase in the depth of soil tillage, the weight of 100 absolutely dry plants increased, respectively, almost three to four times. Thus, the basic soil tillage improves the agrophysical properties, increases the microbiological activity of the soil and improves the biometric indices of plants.

The choice of the method of basic cultivation must be differentiated, considering zonal soil and climatic conditions and local peculiarities of the fields. Chisel tillage refers to soil conservation technologies, and chisel tools provide low-power and, if it is necessary, differential loosened soil, the accumulation, preservation and rational use of soil moisture that is relevant in the arid climate. The authors designed the combined chisel working implements RANCHO, ROPA, plow-cultivator. The traction resistances of the working tools were studied strain-gauge method. The unified equation of traction resistance chisel working was developed. The resistance of tine, chisel, additional equipment on the tine and the dynamics of the chiseling were introduced. The resistance of the chisel was determind by pressure from the soil on its surface. If the speed of machine-tractor aggregate will increase from 1 to 3 m/s then traction resistance of the working implements ROPA will rise by 26-29 percent, plow-cultivator - by 21-23 and classic mould-board plough - by 35 percent due to more significant influence of the dynamic component during moving mould-board plough in the undisturbed soil. The plowing work by the plow-cultivator in comparison with mould-board plough provides more depth of soil loosening (0.38 m when 0.15 m real tillage and 0.2 m in control variant) at comparable energy consumption.