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The problem actuality is caused by significant enhancement of the incidence rate for inflammatory diseases of the head and neck tissues, first of all of the oral cavity floor abscesses and phlegmons, which causes severe forms of mediastinitis while inadequate treatment. The authors have had established, that Toll-like receptors (TLR) initiate a cascade of anti-inflammatory reactions of the inborn immunity, followed by synthesis of a certain cytokines, and their genetic polymorphism changes the immune reactivity of the organism. Trustworthy correlation of the gene TLR4 (rs4986790) polymorphism 896A/G was proved with high risk of the odontogenic phlegmon of the oral cavity floor occurrence, what would permit to prognosticate the disease course in early terms, to optimize the schemes of its prophylaxis and treatment.

The prevalence of TLR2 gene polymorphisms 2258G/A, 896A/G and 1196C/T of TLR4 gene in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) as compared to the control group has been examined. Results of the distribution analysis of genotypes and alleles of TLR2 and TLR4 genes explicitly show that TLR4 gene mutant allele 896G is detected more frequently in children with AD with increased susceptibility to acute viral respiratory infections (9.3%) as compared to the control group (chi2 = 4.33; p = 0.038). Analysis of association of clinical manifestations of the disease showed a greater frequency of a light flow of blood pressure (p = 0.0001)--the children of AD patients with normal resistance of the organism; a greater frequency of the disease an average severity (p =.0.0033), concomitant allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or bronchial asthma (BA) (p = 0.0355), concomitant AR (p = 0.0673)--in patients with AD with increased susceptibility to acute viral respiratory infections. In AD patients with a mutant allele of the gene TLR4 896G frequently identified: a severe course of disease (p = 0.0485) associated adenoid vegetation in conjunction with AR and/or BA (p = 0.0248), concomitant adenoid vegetation in conjunction with the AR (p = 0.0053) compared with patients with "wild" allele.

The aim of the research was to identify the role of genes polymorphisms encoding TLR2 (NP_003255.2) and TLR4 (NP_612564.1) in the increase of the specific IgE production level and development of allergic diseases. Genetic typing of genome specific regions was performed by polymerase chain reaction method using specific oligonucleotide primers. The obtained results display that the most significant causative allergens are epidermal and household allergens (epidermis of cat, dog and horse, D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus). The relationship of polymorphisms TLR2 (rs5743708) and TLR4 (rs4986790) with increased production of specific IgE in patients with allergic diseases was also observed.

The estimation data of contamination by separate groups of microorganisms and dependence of the microbial content level upon TLR4 gene 896A/G polymorphism in 20 samples of atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries has been presented. The presence of TLR4 gene polymorphic allele G in the individual genotype determines the increased contamination of atherosclerotic plaque tissues by the representatives of the following genera: Lactobacillus sp., Enterobacterium sp., Sneathia sp./Leptotrihia sp./Fusobacterium sp., Mobiluncus sp./Corynebacterium sp., Peptostreptococcus sp. The emergence of new correlation pairs with participation of Lachnobacterium sp./Corynebacterium sp. among the carriers of G allele has been revealed via the intragroup correlation analysis. The obtained results confirm the possible involvement of the represented groups of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the role of the TLR4 gene polymorphic variant G in the increased microbial contamination of the coronary arteries tissues.

We investigated the population prevalence of polymorphisms of Arg753Gln TLR2gene, and Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile TLR4 genes among people living in the Poltava region, as well as data communication polymorphisms with the presence of diseases caused by urogenital infections. The group of population control was a random sample of residents of the Poltava region (n = 299). The group of patients with urogenital diseases included 156 people. Genotyping of these groups TLR2 Arg753Gln polymorphism and the gene TLR4 Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile was performed using PCR and subsequent restriction analysis. Statistically significant association of allele A ofgene TLR2 (p = 0.0018) and allele G of gene TLR4 (p = 0.085) with the presence of urogenital diseases was confirmed.