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Objective. To estimate the prevalence of non-fatal road traffic injuries (RTIs), their characteristics, trend and consequences in the Mexican population. Materials and methods. A descriptive study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (Ensanut Continua 2021-2023), designed with probabilistic, multistage, and stratified sampling. The prevalence of RTIs by sex, age group, region, residence area, well-being index, and type of road user was estimated, as the proportion of use of protective measures and health consequences. Results. The prevalence of non-fatal RTIs was 1.31% (95%CI: 1.1,1.5), approximately 1.6 million individuals, of whom more than 90% required medical attention and 28.4% reported a permanent health consequence. They were more frequent in urban areas and the regions of Estado de México and Peninsula (79.1, 15.1, and 14.1%, respectively), in males (71.1%), and in motorcycle users. Conclusions. The increase in the prevalence of nonfatal RTIs and the persistence of risky road safety behaviors underline the urgency of strengthening public policies and their implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify the temporal trend in mortality and years of life lost to death or disability (DALY) due to motorcycle accidents in males from Latin America and the Caribbean from 2010 to 2019, using estimates produced by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Method. In this ecological study, the time series was analyzed using a piecewise linear regression model (joinpoint) to estimate and test the annual percent change and the average annual percent change with a 95% confidence interval. Results. The super-region defined by GBD 2019 as Latin America and the Caribbean ranked first globally in mortality and DALY for male motorcyclists aged 15-49 in 2019. Rates increased significantly from 2010 to 2013, with a significant reduction in both after this period. During the analyzed decade, the Tropical Latin America sub-region (Brazil and Paraguay) had the highest mortality and DALY rates in the population of interest; nevertheless, this was the only sub-region achieving a significant reduction in these rates. The Caribbean sub-region (Bermuda, Dominica, Suriname, Guyana, Belize, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Saint Kitts and Nevis, U.S. Virgin Islands, Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, Cuba e Jamaica) showed a significant increase in both rates over the same period, while Andean Latin America (Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru) and Central Latin America (Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Honduras, and Venezuela) remained stable. Conclusions. The data underscore the importance of developing surveillance actions aimed at preventing motorcycle accidents, since the observed declining rates are still insufficient to address the morbidity and mortality associated with road accidents as a public health problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate the association between social inequalities and deaths from traffic injuries in Colombia in 2019. Methods. This ecological study evaluated the association between social inequalities and deaths from traffic injuries among users of the road transport system in Colombia in 2019, based on secondary information sources, using the department level as the administrative and geographic unit of study. A descriptive statistical analysis of health indicators and equity stratifiers was performed. Absolute and relative measures were used to determine social inequality gaps. Results. In 2019, 6 580 people died from road traffic injuries in Colombia. The majority of them (82%) were men. The most critical user condition was being a motorcyclist. The age group with the most victims was approximately 30 years old. Departments with populations between 500 000 and 2 000 000 were the most represented. The most critical equity stratifier was the number of registered motorcycles per 100 000 population. Significant inequality gaps between departments were observed. Conclusions. Inequalities in deaths from road traffic injuries in Colombia were observed. Policies and actions should focus on helping to reduce identified inequities, resulting in better quality of life, well-being, and health for the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To report the risk from alcohol, cannabis, and their combined use for non-fatal road traffic injuries for drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. Methods. Risk was estimated using the case-crossover method. Participants (N= 306) were injured patients from an emergency department in Mar del Plata, Argentina. Results. Alcohol use (OR= 6.78, CI 95% 3.75-12.25) as well as combined alcohol and cannabis use (OR= 7.05, CI 95% 1.16-42.73) significantly increased the risk of a road traffic injuries. Alcohol use increased the risk in both, women (OR= 8.87, CI 95% 2.69-29.21) and men (OR= 6.16, CI 95% 3.10-12.23); in those >30 years old (OR= 6.01, CI 95% 2.09-17.24) and those <30 years old (OR= 7.15, CI 95% 3.49-14.65). This last group also had an increased risk after combined alcohol and cannabis use (OR= 7.05, CI 95% 1.16-42.75). Both drivers (OR= 6.40, CI 95% 3.23-12.69) and passengers (OR= 13.83, CI 95% 2.87-66.42) had an increased risk after alcohol consumption. Conclusions. To our knowledge, these are the first estimates of the risk of having a road traffic injury after alcohol and cannabis consumption in one of the countries of the Southern Cone (Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay). These results highlight the urgent need to implement and enforce comprehensive alcohol control measures. Furthermore, given the global trend towards legalizing cannabis for recreational use, our results could also inform policymakers to enact or amend impaired driving laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is a leading worldwide cause of death and disability in young people. Severity classification is based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). However, the presence of Neurological Worsening in the Acute Setting is not always according to the initial severity, suggesting an underestimation of real magnitude of the injury. Objective: To study the correlation between the initial severity given by the GCS and the patient outcome, in the context of different clinical and tomographic variables. Materiales y methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted for patients with closed traumatic brain injury (n=490) in two tertiary centres in Barranquilla whom required a stay in the intensive care unit. Risk estimate was established by calculating the OR (95% CI). α = 0.05 is used as a significance level. Results: 41,0% of all patients required orotracheal intubation, being 51,2% initially classified as moderate, and 6,0% as mild traumas. Delay in time for aggressive management mainly affect moderate group, in whom the lethality increased to 100% when time to detection of neurological worsening and, therefore, to treat aggressively was delayed beyond 4 to 8 hours. Also, this group of patients showed lethality <20,0% when treated aggressively within the first hour. Conclusions: Risk of lethality in traumatic brain injury increases with the delayed detection of neurological worsening in the acute setting, especially when aggressive management is performed after the first hour postrauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Portuguese Journal of Mental Health Nursing / Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental is the property of Portuguese Society of Mental Health Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE is the property of Revista de Enfermagem UFPE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. Propose a pedestrian crosswalk safety rating (PCSR) for primary roads in Mexico City in order to rate crosswalk safety at intersections with a traffic light and then compare the PCSR with traffic accidents so as to empirically determine any association between the quality of the crosswalk and the traffic accident rate. Methods. Identify criteria for the rating system through a state-of-the art review; weight the criteria to create a rating system through multicriterion analysis; design a stratified random sample of crosswalks (n = 490); and evaluate the data set. Results. Through the PCSR, 91.3% of the crosswalks evaluated in Mexico City were found not to offer the conditions required to protect pedestrian safety; the "access" macro-criterion received the worst scores. The modelling shows that mixed land use and the length of the crosswalk are the most important variables in predicting traffic accidents. Conclusions. The analysis was relatively successful in showing the relationship between some variables (criteria) of the PCSR and traffic accidents. In many cases, this shows theoretical coherence; in others, research questions are raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cogitare Enfermagem is the property of Cogitare Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study describes the epidemiological characteristics of road accident victims attended by the Brazilian Mobile Emergency Service (SAMU-192) and located in the areas of highest accident density in the municipality of Olinda, (Pernambuco, Brazil). Kernel density estimation was used to detect spatial agglomerations of accidents. In 2015, 724 accidents occurred; of these, 73.48% of the victims were males aged 2039 years. There was a predominance of accidents involving motorcycles (54.97%). Accident clusters were detected in the main traffic corridors, with run-over accidents located near bus terminals. Spatial analysis proved to be a relevant instrument for the identification of accident clusters and the application of effective prevention and traffic safety improvement measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE is the property of Revista de Enfermagem UFPE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. Study federal and state regulations to determine to what extent road safety recommendations are followed with regard to different risk factors and protective factors. Methods. A descriptive analysis was made of the legal frameworks for road safety at the federal level and in the 32 Mexican states, identifying those that had regulations respecting the main risk factors (speeding, drinking and driving, and cellphone use while driving) and the main protective factors against road injuries (helmet use, seat belt use, and use of child restraint systems). The adequacy of these regulations was analyzed on the basis of Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) recommendations. The types of sanctions prescribed in these regulations are also described. Results. Slightly less than 10% of the entities studied had specific regulations respecting the six protective and risk factors considered. It was noted that "drinking and driving" and "helmet use" are, respectively, the risk factor and protective factor most commonly included in state laws. Adequate regulations were found in only two states: Zacatecas (regarding speeding) and Jalisco (seat belts, child restraint systems, and helmet use). Monetary fines are the most frequently applied sanction. Conclusions. It is a key priority to promote comprehensive laws with provisions that adequately address technical and scientific criteria for protection and prevention, as well as appropriate mechanisms for monitoring, regulation, and sanctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tra ffic accidents are a public health problem with an abundance of studies, but a lack of studies based on the perception of the users. Knowing the perception of the population of a capital of central Brazil, considering the safety and mobility in traffic was the objective of this study. Bad driver behavior, lack of attention, and disregard for traffic laws were the main causes of accidents and priorities were identified for improving traffic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: calculate the trauma severity scale RTS Revised Trauma Score and perform a comparative analysis with the classification of patients according to the Triage system. Describe the indicators of opportunity in hospital care and expenditure. The State establishes the system of prioritization of patients who consult the emergency service and defines waiting times according to the classification. It is applied in order to optimize institutional resources. Materials and methods: retrospective descriptive observational study. The population consisted of 6401 patients, the sample by 248 patients. Results: 81% Triage II (Acute Patient). According to the RTS trauma scale, 92.7% corresponded to mild trauma and 1.6% serious trauma. 40% of the injured were poly-traumatized, 56% had pelvic and lower extremity injuries. Mortality was 2.4%. 48.4% of the injured accessed the emergency room by ambulance, the average time for access was 60 minutes, 39.1% of the victims, 61% required interconsultation by Orthopedics and 26% of the patients required resources from the Social Security System. Conclusions: the RTS score trauma scale uses measurable physiological parameters, classified 1.6% of the injured as serious, which is related to the 2.4% mortality of the victims of the study. The measurement of accessibility and opportunity indicators in health care showed in this highly complex health institution that the times are in accordance with the current regulations of the Ministry of Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: traffic accidents are a priority problem in public health worldwide, mainly in Latin American countries, as it is one of the leading mortality causes in the region. Objective: to study the evolution and trend of traffic accidents in Ecuador in the period from 2000 to 2015. Method: an ecological study based on secondary official information sources. The results of the population mortality rates due to traffic accidents are presented, as well as motorization, accident, harmfulness, and fatality rates, in order to compare the temporal variations in the study period. Results: the population mortality rate showed an increasing tendency in the study period and correlated with motorization and harmfulness indexes (p <0.01). Conclusions: a greater effort is required to optimize the activities aimed at the compliance of the legal traffic laws and towards road safety education for the Ecuadorian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Texto & Contexto Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pos-Graduacao de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira em Promoção da Saúde is the property of Revista Brasileira em Promocao da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Las colisiones de tránsito son uno de los grandes problemas de Salud Pública en el mundo, los impactos afectan áreas de la salud, económica y social. Los conductores de carga pesada fueron el objeto de este estudio. Se tuvo por objetivo identificar los costos de accidentes después de aplicar estrategias de control de consumo de sustancias lícitas e ilícitas en conductores de transporte de carga pesada. Se realizó un estudio correlacional retrospectivo de 2004 a 2006. La población a la que se aplicó el programa disminuyó el número de accidentes en 15%, y el costo por daños por colisión en 24%. Se concluye que estudios de esta naturaleza son importantes para implantación de programas orientados a modificar la conducta cuidado y seguimiento de la salud de los conductores profesionales.Os acidentes de trânsito constituem um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública no mundo, e seus impactos afetam as áreas de saúde, econômica e social. O motorista de carga pesada é o objeto do presente estudo. O objetivo foi identificar os custos de acidentes ao aplicar estratégias de controle, frente ao uso de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, em motoristas de carga pesada. Como metodologia deste estudo foi usada a pesquisa retrospectiva correlacional, conduzida de 2004 a 2006. Com base no censo, na população participante do programa houve diminuição do número de acidentes de 15% e dos custos por danos causados por colisão de 24%. Conclui-se que estudos dessa natureza são importantes para implantação de programas direcionados à modificação de comportamentos e monitorização do cuidado de saúde a motoristas profissionais.Road crashes are one of the largest public health problems in the world. Impacts affect Health, Economic and Social areas. This study focuses on heavy load drivers. The goal is to identify the costs of accidents to implement control strategies for licit and illicit substance consumption in heavy load drivers. Method: a retrospective correlation study was conducted, covering the period from 2004 to 2006. In the population covered by the program, the number of accidents decreased by 15% and cost for damage by collision by 24%. Conclusion: This type of studies are of great value and can be used as a basis for implementing programs designed to modify behavior and carefully monitor the health of professional drivers.

OBJETIVO. Analizar los motivos de uso y no uso de puentes peatonales (PP). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se empleó un diseño transversal, a partir de una muestra de peatones usuarios y no usuarios de PP; se utilizó regresión logística para identificar los factores que influyen en el uso y no uso de PP. RESULTADOS. La prevalencia de no uso fue 50.5% en 813 peatones entrevistados; la principal razón para usar PP fue "seguridad", del no uso fue "flojera". Hubo diferencias significativas al analizar motivos de no uso de PP en las edades de 19 a 36 años, ajustando por escolaridad y características físicas del PP, con RMa. 1.7 (IC95% 1.06-2.86) y RMa. 1.9 (IC95% 1.14-3.33), respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES. Los resultados de este estudio permiten identificar aspectos importantes a considerar desde la perspectiva de los peatones, antes de construir nuevos PP, así como aquéllos que deben mejorarse para incrementar su uso en zonas de alto riesgo de lesiones por atropellamiento.OBJECTIVE. To analyze the motives for using and not using pedestrian bridges (PB). MATERIAL AND METHODS. A cross-sectional survey was conducted of a sample of pedestrian users and non-users of PB; a logistic regression model was used to analyze the motives for use and non-use. RESULTS. The prevalence of non-use was 50.5 % of 813 surveyed pedestrians; the principal reason to use a PB was safety, and not to use it was "laziness". There were significant differences when analyzing the reason of non-use in the age groups 19 to 36 years, adjusted for education and physical characteristics of the PB ([aOR=1.7; 95 % CI=1.06-2.86] and [ORa.1.9; 95 % CI=1.14-3.33], respectively). CONCLUSIONS. The results of this study allow us to identify important aspects to consider "from the perspective of the pedestrians" when constructing new PB and improving existing PB to increase use in areas with a high risk of pedestrian injuries.

The aim of this study was to analyze the determining value of the procedures carried out during prehospital care in the survival time of traffic accident victims. Data of 175 victims with Revised Trauma Score £ 11, cared for and transported by advanced life support to tertiary referral hospitals, were submitted to Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis and to Cox proportional hazards model. Four procedure groups associated with survival were identified: basic circulatory; advanced respiratory; volume replaced and medication. Until hospital discharge, the victims who underwent orotracheal intubation and chest compressions showed 3.6 and 6.4 times higher death hazards, respectively. The need for definitive airway and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prehospital phase was predetermining with higher death hazard. The less than 1000ml intravenous fluid replacement was the only predetermining factor with protective power against death hazard.La propuesta de este estudio fue analizar el valor determinante de los procedimientos realizados durante la atención prehospitalaria en el tiempo de sobrevivencia de víctimas de accidentes de tránsito. Datos de 175 víctimas con Revised Trauma Score < 11, atendidas y transportadas por el soporte avanzado a la vida a hospitales terciarios, fueron sometidos al análisis de sobrevivencia de Kaplan Méier y al análisis de Riesgos Proporcionales de Cox. Se identificaron 4 grupos de procedimientos asociados a la sobrevivencia: circulatorios básicos; respiratorios avanzados; volumen repuesto y medicamentos. Hasta el alta hospitalaria, las víctimas sometidas a la intubación orotraqueal y compresiones toráxicas presentaron 3,6 y 6,4 veces mayor riesgo de muerte, respectivamente. La necesidad de mantener la vía aérea definitiva permeable y hacer reanimación cardiorrespiratoria en la fase prehospitalaria fue predeterminante de un mayor riesgo de muerte. La reposición de volumen inferior a 1000ml fue el único factor predeterminante con fuerza protectora para el riesgo de muerte.A proposta deste estudo foi analisar o valor predeterminante dos procedimentos realizados, durante o atendimento pré-hospitalar no tempo de sobrevivência de vítimas de acidentes de trânsito. Dados de 175 vítimas com Revised Trauma Score < 11, atendidas e transportadas pelo suporte avançado à vida a hospitais terciários, foram submetidas à Análise de Sobrevivência de Kaplan Méier e à Análise de Riscos Proporcionais de Cox. Identificou-se 4 grupos de procedimentos associados à sobrevivência: circulatórios básicos; respiratórios avançados; volume reposto e medicamentos. Até a alta hospitalar, as vítimas, submetidas à entubação orotraqueal e compressões torácicas, apresentaram 3,6 e 6,4 vezes maior risco para o óbito, respectivamente. A necessidade de realização de via aérea definitiva e de reanimação cardiorrespiratória na fase pré-hospitalar foi predeterminante de maior risco para o óbito. A reposição de volume inferior a 1000ml foi o único fator predeterminante com força protetora para o risco de óbito.

OBJETIVO: Plantear la utilidad de aplicar el análisis geográfico en el estudio de las muertes provocadas por atropellamiento. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal, en el año 2000, sobre mortalidad por atropellamiento, de acuerdo con la IX Revisión de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades. Se analizaron certificados de defunción de personas que vivían y fallecieron en la ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, de 1994 a 1997, debido a un atropellamiento. Se calcularon tasas crudas de mortalidad por delegación política y por sexo, asimismo se generaron mapas que contienen las correferencias de las muertes, a distintos grados de agregación, utilizando el programa Map-Info. RESULTADOS: Del total de 3 687 defunciones por atropellamiento, 71% correspondieron a personas que vivían en la ciudad de México. Sólo se incluyeron en el proceso de georreferencia 1 152 defunciones (43.5%) que eran las que contaban con información referente al sitio de ocurrencia del atropellamiento. Los resultados, según nivel de agregación, fueron, a nivel delegación política: Milpa Alta, Cuajimalpa y Cuauhtémoc, con tasas por arriba de 23/100 000 habitantes; a nivel colonia, 10 presentan concentraciones de nueve y más casos, y a nivel calle, destaca un punto ubicado en La Venta, en Cuajimalpa, con 25 defunciones. CONCLUSIONES: Este tipo de análisis es fundamental desde las perspectivas espacial y epidemiológica al relacionar algunos factores espaciales que coadyuvan en la ocurrencia de atropellamientos. Estos estudios contribuyen al conocimiento y prevención de las muertes por atropellamiento.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of geographic analysis to assess the distribution of fatal pedestrian run-over injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of mortality due to pedestrian run-over injuries was conducted in year 2000. Data were abstracted from death certificates of pedestrians who died due to run-over injuries in Mexico City, during 1994-1997 (International Classification of Diseases code E814.7). Crude mortality rates were obtained by political district and gender. Georeferenced mortality data were mapped by different levels of aggregation, using the software program Map-Info. RESULTS: A total of 3 687 pedestrian fatalities were reported; 71% of them were Mexico City residents. Only 1 152 deaths (43.5%) were georeferenced, due to availability of the exact place of the event occurrence. Results by level of aggregation were: by political district level; Milpa Alta, Cuajimalpa and Cuauhtemoc had the highest death rates (23 per 100 000). At the next level (neighborhoods or colonias), ten colonias had over nine cases; and at the street level, one point at La Venta in Cuajimalpa presented 25 death cases due to pedestrian run-over injuries. CONCLUSIONS: This kind of analysis helps us to display the spatial relationship between pedestrian run-over sites and other city landmarks, to advance in the study and prevention of pedestrian run-over deaths.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of involvement in risky driving circumstances between Guatemalan and Spanish university students and identify in both populations the differences between the involvement in such circumstances and road crashes. Materials and methods. A cross sectional study was conducted during the academic courses 2007 to 2011 on a sample of 2 130 drivers (1 016 in Guatemala and 1 114 in Spain), who completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed: mobility patterns, use of safety devices, driving styles and involvement in road traffic crashes. Results: Furthermore, they were involved more frequently in almost all the risky-driving circumstances compared with Spanish students, principally in: mobile use (74.4 % versus 24.3 %), distraction (47.1 % versus 18.8 %) or not using seatbelt (23.9% vs 5.9). Finally, the adjusted analysis yields an accident rate 4.8 times higher among Guatemalans (CI 95% 3.1-7.4). Conclusions: Considering the factors more frequently associated with suffer road traffic crashes dependent on human factor, it is noted physical and social factors as well as that the car-dependent issues, must play an important role in the marked differences detected in both populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To analyze which socio-demographic and other factors related to motor injuries affect the length of hospital recovery stay. Materials and methods. In the study a sample of 17932 motor accidents was used. All the crashes occurred in Spain between 2000 and 2007. Different regression models were fitted to data to identify and measure the impact of a set of explanatory regressors. Results. Time of hospital stay for men is on average 41% larger than for women. When the victim has a fracture as a consequence of the accident, the mean time of hospital stay is multiplied by five. Injuries located in lower extremities, the head and abdomen are associated with greater hospitalization lengths. Conclusions. Gender, age and type of victim, as well as the location and nature of injuries, are found to be factors that have significant impact on the expected length of hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine sleep habits in bus drivers and their relationship to accidents in the city of Arequipa, Peru, a cross- sectional descriptive study was conducted in a non-probabilistic sample of 166 drivers. Driving hours per day were 9.4 ± 3.7. 54% (89) drive over 4 hours without stopping; 74% (123) drive at night; and 87% (145) sleep on the bus. 75% reported fatigue while driving (124). 27% (45) had drowsiness; 24% (40) reported having been in or on the verge of an accident while driving. Sleepiness or fatigue while driving was common in this population and their driving and rest habits could contribute to this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives. To describe the epidemiological profile of people living with disabilities due to traffic accidents (TA) in Peru. Materials and methods. Secondary analysis of the National Survey Specialized on Disability (ENEDIS) of 2012 and an ecological analysis of TA records of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications was done. Results. Disability by traffic accidents (DAT) was reported by 49,036 persons; 81.3% of whom live in urban areas. The most frequent disability was limited locomotion and skill (77.4%), followed by visual impairment (22.9%). Dependence for activities was reported in 44.7% of persons with disabilities. The regions with the highest prevalence of TA have a higher prevalence of disability by traffic accidents (Spearman coefficient: 0.426, p=0.034). Conclusions. Most of disability due to TA is found in urban areas, correspond to males and consist of persons in economically productive age. The most common form of disability is in locomotion. Most of individuals do not receive any form of rehabilitation, which accentuates health inequity related to traffic accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Chest injuries are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Proper description of findings is important and the chest x-ray is the preferred imaging method. Objective. The aim of this study is to review the spectrum of lesions that occur in the chest, detected by means of simple x-rays, in polytraumatized patients. Material and methods. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of 72 patients (37 women and 35 men between 15 and 70 years of age) with polytrauma caused by automobile accidents. All underwent chest x-rays on admission. Results. We observed that 21 patients presented some radiological alteration associated with trauma and the most common injuries were costal fractures 44% (13 patients). The second most common radiological alteration was pulmonary contusion with 27% (8 patients), and pneumothorax was observed in 7% of the cases. Discussion. There was a distribution of injuries similar to that described in the specialized literature in terms of thoracic trauma. The anteroposterior x-ray is highly useful because it can be taken without altering the patient's mobility. Conclusion. The chest x-ray plays an important role in the initial evaluation of a polytraumatized patient and is a rapid, simple, and practical imaging method. It provides important information on the structures of the rib cage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1998 and 2012, there have been more than one million two hundred thousand land motor vehicle accidents with 49,000 deaths in Peru. Despite the adoption of several regulations on traffic and road safety, there is no a trend towards fewer fatal injuries. Regulations appear not to have a protective effect on the occupants of vehicles and pedestrians, because the number of fatal injuries has increased in both groups. The statistics might have variations on the type of users, affected by the number of accidents, and fatal injuries related to the events in urban and peri-urban roads, and highways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To assess the feasibility of semiautomated linking of road traffic injury (RTI) cases in different data sets in low- and middle-income countries. Methods. The study population consisted of RTI cases in the Dominican Republic in 2010 and were identified in police and health insurance data sets. After duplicates were removed and fatality reporting was corrected by using forensic data, police and health insurance RTI records were linked if they had the same province, collision date, and gender of RTI cases and similar age within five years. A multinomial logistic regression model assessed the likelihood of being in only one of the data sets. Results. One of five records was a duplicate, including 21.1% of 6 396 police and 16.2% of 6 178 insurance records. Health insurance data recorded 43 of 417 deaths as only injured. Capture--recapture estimated that both data sets recorded one of five RTI cases. Characteristics associated with increased likelihood (P < 0.05) of being only in the police data set were female gender [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.5], age ≥ 16 years (OR = 1.7), collision in the regions of Cibao Northeast (OR = 4.1) and Valdesia (OR = 6.4), day of occurrence from Tuesday to Saturday (ORs from 1.5 to 2.9), month of occurrence from October to December (ORs from 1.6 to 4.5), and occupant of four-wheeled vehicles (OR = 5.4) or trucks (OR = 5.3). Conclusions. Consistent semiautomated linking procedures were feasible to ascertain the RTI burden in the Dominican Republic and could be improved by standardized coding of police and health insurance RTI reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legislating five of the main risk factors for road traffic injuries (RTIs), as much as enforcing the law, is essential in forging an integral culture of road safety. Analysis of the level of progression in law enforcement allows for an evaluation of the state of world regions. A secondary analysis of the 2009 Global status report on road safety: time for action survey was undertaken to evaluate legislation on five risk factors (speed management, drinking and driving, motorcycle helmet use, seatbelt use, and use of child restraints) in the Americas. Laws were classified depending on their level of progression: the existence of legislation, whether the legislation is adequate, a level of law enforcement ≥ 6 (on a scale of 0-10), and whether the law is considered comprehensive. A descriptive analysis was performed. The totality of the countries has national or subnational legislation for at least one of the five risk factors. However, 63% have laws on the five risk factors studied, and none of them has comprehensive laws for all five. Seatbelt use appears to be the most extended enforced legislation, while speeding laws appear to be the least enforced. There are positive efforts that should be recognized in the region. However, the region stands in different stages of progression. Law enforcement remains the main issue to be tackled. Laws should be based on evidence about what is already known to be effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traffic injuries in Argentina are the most frequent cause of death from external injuries and a public health problem of increasing magnitude at the global level. The objectives of this study are to establish the level of spatial autocorrelation at the department level and identify the formation of groupings by calculating local indicators of spatial association at the national level. The results reveal a significantly positive level of autocorrelation in Argentina. A negative level of spatial autocorrelation was recorded when mortality from road injuries was related to population density. It was also noted that mortality from road injuries could pose a more serious problem outside large urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]