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In this paper, we use car-following model to explore each commuter's trip cost and the system's total trip cost in the commuter's system allowing late arrival. The numerical results show that each commuter's trip cost and the system's total trip cost are related to each commuter's time headway at the origin and the proportion of the commuters' late arrival, but the system's total trip cost has the minimum value that is irrelevant to the proportion of the commuters' late arrival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the SOC (state of charge) of the battery of each electric vehicle directly determines whether the battery should be charged/swapped, the SOC may affect the electric vehicle’s driving behavior. In this paper, we introduce the SOC of battery into the electric vehicle’s driving behavior model and propose a car-following model for electric vehicles, and then use the proposed model to study the effects of the SOC of battery and battery swap on each vehicle’s driving behavior in the heterogeneous traffic system consisting of traditional vehicles and electric vehicles. The numerical results show that the proposed model can reproduce some complex traffic phenomena resulted by the SOC of battery and battery swap and that the influences on each vehicle’s driving behavior are directly related to the initial traffic state, the electric vehicle’s proportion, and the SOC of battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use car-following model to study the effects of battery exchange at the on-line charging station on the vehicle’s driving behavior and running time. The numerical results illustrate that battery exchange will produce one prominent starting process at the upstream of the charging station and one prominent braking process at the downstream of the charging station and enhance each vehicle’s running time and the system’s total running time and that the influences of battery exchange on each vehicle’s driving behavior (including the starting and braking processes, the personal running time and the system’s total running time) are directly related to each vehicle’s arrival rate at the origin, the electric vehicle’s proportion and each electric vehicle’s series number in the vehicle fleet. The results can help traffic engineer to reasonably design the on-line charging station and optimize each vehicle’s arrival rate at the origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]