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This study analyzed the complete plastome sequence of the neo-allotetraploid Asplenium pseudocapillipes S.H.Park et al. Asplenium pseudocapillipes has a typical circular plastome that comprises 157,242 bp with a large single copy (84,105 bp), a small single copy (21,503 bp), and two inverted repeats (IRs; 25,817 bp). The complete sequence comprises 127 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes (CDSs), eight ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 31 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and one pseudogene. Among these genes, five CDSs, four rRNAs, and five tRNAs are duplicated in IRs. The guanine–cytosine content of the genome was 41.5%. The enlarged noncoding regions by Mobile Open Reading Frames in Fern Organelles were found once in other Asplenium species and twice in A. pseudocapillipes. Phylogenetic analysis based on 83 coding gene sequences revealed that A. pseudocapillipes is embedded in the A. varians subclade along with its progenitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we determined the chloroplast genome sequence of the Austral king fern, Todea barbara (L.) Moore. The plastome of T. barbara is a typical circular form composed of 144,208 bp with two inverted repeats (IRs; 10,442 bp), a large single copy (LSC; 101,059 bp), and a small single copy (SSC; 22,265 bp). The complete sequence comprises 131 genes, namely 85 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNAs, and 38 transfer RNAs. The guanine–cytosine (GC) content of the genome was found to be 39.9%. Additionally, U-to-C RNA editing sites were identified in eight genes: atpE, chlB, clpP, matK, rpl20, rpoB, rpoC1, and rpoC2. Phylogenetic analysis using 85 coding gene sequences revealed that the genera Todea and Osmunda form a clade and that the genus Osmundastrum is a sister genus to both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Crepidomanes latealatum (Bosch) Copel. was determined in the present study. The genome is 145,943 base pairs (bp) in length and comprised two inverted repeats (32,990 bp) between a large single copy (92,170 bp) and a small single copy (20,783 bp). It contains 88 coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, 34 tRNA genes, and 1 pseudogene of trnL-UAA, and the GC content is 37.6%. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the plastid genome sequences of related taxa strongly supported the monophyly of the family Hymenophyllaceae, and the genus Vandenboschia was a sister group of Crepidomanes. In addition, compared to C. minutum, two large deletions of 453 bp and 878 bp were found in the IGS regions of petA-psbI and rrn16-trnV-GAC of C. latealatum cp genome, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, four plastomes of Hymenophyllum, distributed in the Korean peninsula, were newly sequenced and phylogenomic analysis was conducted to reveal (1) the evolutionary history of plastomes of early-diverging fern species at the species level, (2) the importance of mobile open reading frames in the genus, and (3) plastome sequence divergence providing support for H. coreanum to be recognized as an independent species distinct from H. polyanthos. In addition, 1C-values of H. polyanthos and H. coreanum were measured to compare the genome size of both species and to confirm the diversification between them. The rrn16-trnV intergenic regions in the genus varied in length caused by Mobile Open Reading Frames in Fern Organelles (MORFFO). We investigated enlarged noncoding regions containing MORFFO throughout the fern plastomes and found that they were strongly associated with tRNA genes or palindromic elements. Sequence identity between plastomes of H. polyanthos and H. coreanum is quite low at 93.35% in the whole sequence and 98.13% even if the variation in trnV-rrn16 intergenic spacer was ignored. In addition, different genome sizes were found for these species based on the 1C-value. Consequently, there is no reason to consider them as a conspecies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence ofEustrephus latifoliuswas firstly determined in subfamily Lomandriodeae of family Asparagaceae. It was 159,736 bp and contained a large single copy region (82,403 bp) and a small single copy region (13,607 bp) which were separated by two inverted repeat regions (31,863 bp). In total, 132 genes were identified and they were consisted of 83 coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, 38 tRNA genes, 3 pseudogenes.rpl23andclpPwere pseudogenes due to sequence deletions. Among 23 genes containing introns,rps12andycf3contained two introns and the rest had just one intron. The intactycf68was identified within an intron oftrnI-GAU. The amino acid sequence was almost identical withPhoenix dactyliferain Aracales.Ycf1ofE. latifoliuswas completely located in IR. It was similar to cp genome structure ofLemna minor, Spirodela polyrhiza, Wolffiella lingulata, Wolffia australianain Alismatales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristic of complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Crepidiastrum lanceolatum, a member of the subfamily Cichorioideae with unresolved phylogenetic relationship among the related taxa, was firstly reported in this study. It was 152,748 bp and contained a large-single copy region (SSC) (84,022 bp) and a small-single copy region (LSC) (18,568 bp) which were separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (25,079 bp). In total, 133 genes were identified and they were consisted of 86 coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 2 pseudogenes. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that the genus Crepidiastrum was a sister group of the genus Taraxacum in subfamily Cichorioideae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lilium pardalinum Kellogg is native to the Pacific Coast of the United States, and grows in woodland near streams. In the present study, the complete plastome of L. pardalinum was sequenced. The plastome sequence is 151,969 bp long with a large single copy, a small single copy, and two inverted repeat regions of length 81,401, 17,346, and 26,611 bp, respectively. A total of 133 genes were identified, including 82 coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNAs, 38 transfer RNAs, and 5 pseudogenes. Among the 5 pseudogenes, pseudo ndhF and ndhG genes were similar to that of L. washingtonianum and L. philadelphicum, respectively. Lilium pardalinum is sister to American lilies, except L. philadelphicum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flower shape of Lilium bulbiferum L. is different from that of the other European lilies. The phylogenetic position of the plant has been changed frequently. In the present study, we have sequenced the complete plastome of L. bulbiferum. The plastome sequence was 152,686 bp long, with a large single copy (LSC) region of 82,083 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,619 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,492 bp each. It contained 133 genes, including 83 coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNAs, 38 transfer RNAs, and 4 pseudogenes. The GC contents of LSC, SSC, and IT were 34.8%, 30.7%, and 42.5%, respectively, corresponding to 37.0% of the total GC content. The phylogenetic position of L. bulbiferum was closely related to the north-eastern lilies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]