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Safeguarding the right to the truth has become crucial in dealing with systematic violations of human rights. Especially in contexts of transition to democracy, telling the truth is considered of utmost importance for fighting against impunity and promoting peace. Nevertheless, scholars have paid little attention to the judicial implementation of this right and, in particular, to the value of judicial protection of the right to the truth. The article aims to fill this gap by discussing the Juicios por la Verdad (the Truth Trials), a unique experience promoted by the Argentinian civil society in the wake of the military dictatorship. Specifically, it investigates the impact of the judicial recognition of the right to the truth on both the victims' lives and society's attempt to come to terms with the past. The analysis shows that the right to the truth may serve as a tool for knowledge, acknowledgment, strengthening the rule of law and, to an extent, for justice.

Côte d'Ivoire has been shaken for two decades by violent conflicts. The culmination of this violence is the post-election crisis of 2010 with more than 3,000 deaths. In the aftermath of these atrocities, the new authorities decided to engage the country in a process of transitional justice to deal with them. The General secretary of the United Nations defines transitional justice as: "the full range of the various processes and mechanisms implemented by a society to try to deal with massive abuses committed in the past, with the vision of establishing responsibilities, to deliver justice and enable a reconciliation”. It aims to achieve the reconciliation of a deeply divided people by restoring the inalienable rights of the victims. However, even if the various actors and authors are unanimous on the fact that the victim must be placed at the heart of this process for its success, the importance given to these central people in this process aimed at reconciliation is quite ambiguous in practice. We claim to act for and in their favor without really involving them. Roles are almost imposed on the victims within return, compensation which, in addition, in most cases is deemed unsatisfactory by them. Thus, transitional justice, if it brings important elements in an alternative mode of conflict resolution must give rise to a certain number of reservations and criticisms. The observation of certain experiences of transitional justice raises several questions: is it really in favor of the victims? Isn't it the justice of the victors against the adversaries of old? are the victims really heard? Is the repair system real and satisfactory? How effective are the rights recognized to the victims? What place and genuine interest is for victims in the transitional justice process? Here are some questions to which this thesis tries to answer., La Côte d’Ivoire est secouée depuis deux décennies par des violents conflits. Le point culminant de ces violences est la crise postélectorale de 2010 avec plus de 3000 morts. Au lendemain de ces atrocités, les nouvelles autorités ont décidé d’engager le pays dans un processus de justice transitionnelle pour tenter d’y faire face. Le Secrétaire général des Nations Unies définit la justice transitionnelle comme : « l’éventail complet des divers processus et mécanismes mis en œuvre par une société pour tenter de faire face à des exactions massives commises dans le passé, en vue d’établir les responsabilités, de rendre la justice et de permettre la réconciliation ». Elle a pour but de parvenir à la réconciliation d’un peuple profondément divisé en passant par la restauration des droits inaliénables des victimes. Cependant, même si les différents acteurs et auteurs sont unanimes sur le fait qu’il faut placer la victime au cœur de ce processus pour sa réussite, cette importance accordée à ces personnes centrales dans ce processus visant la réconciliation est assez ambigüe dans la pratique. On prétend agir pour et en leur faveur sans les associer véritablement. On impose presque des rôles aux victimes avec en contrepartie, une indemnisation qui en plus, dans la plupart des cas est jugée insatisfaisante par celles-ci. Ainsi, la justice transitionnelle, si elle apporte des éléments importants dans un mode de résolution alternative des conflits doit susciter quand même, un certain nombre de réserves et de critiques. L’observation de certaines expériences de justice transitionnelle emmène à se poser plusieurs questions : est-elle réellement en faveur des victimes ? N’est-elle pas la justice des vainqueurs contre les adversaires d’autrefois ? les victimes sont-elles vraiment entendues ? Le système de réparation est-il réel et satisfaisant ? Quelle effectivité des droits reconnus aux victimes ? Quelle place et intérêt véritable pour les victimes dans le processus de justice transitionnelle ? Voilà quelques interrogations auxquelles cette thèse tente de répondre.

Se aborda el derecho a la verdad como obligación del Estado, a partir de los principios y elementos que rigen al estado social y democrático de derecho como garante de derechos fundamentales. Se analiza la trascendencia del derecho a la verdad como derecho humano fundamental en el marco de la justicia transicional como obligación del estado de proteger los derechos fundamentales, investigar, sancionar y reparar a las víctimas ante la desaparición forzada o involuntaria. The right of truth is approached as an obligation of the State, from the principles and elementsthat govern the social and democratic rule of law as guarantor of fundamental rights. Theimportance of the right of truth is analyzed as a fundamental human right in the context oftransitional justice as obligation of the state to protect fundamental rights, investigate, punishand repair the victims in forced or involuntary disappearance.

Para alcanzar la paz, se ha acudido a la creación de herramientas jurídicas como la ley 975/2005, que genera espacios para la reincorporación a la vida civil de miembros de grupos armados ilegales, sometiéndolos al ejercicio jurisdiccional estatal, mediante un proceso especial que apareja imposición de penas alternativas sujetas a los derechos de las víctimas: verdad, justicia, reparación integral y garantía de no repetición, reconocidos por instancias internacionales como nacionales. Análisis será el derecho a la verdad. Su afectación originada en otorgar credibilidad a las exculpaciones de los postulados, quienes la omiten no revelando la totalidad de las infracciones cometidas. To achieve peace, it has come to the creation of legal tools like the law 975/2005, which creates opportunities for reintegration into civilian life of members of illegal armed groups, subjecting the state jurisdictional exercise, using a special process rigging taxation subject to the rights of victims Sentencing Alternatives: truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-repetition, recognized by international and national bodies. Analysis is the right to truth. His involvement originated to provide credibility to the acquittals of the candidates who omit not revealing all the offenses committed.

In this article, six basic debates about human rights are clarified from a historical perspective: the origin of human rights as moral rights connected to the natural law doctrine and opposed to positive rights; the wave of criticism of their abstract and absolute character by nineteenth-century liberal, onservative, and socialist thinkers; their extension from the rights of man to the rights of all human beings and from individual rights to individual and group rights; the tension between national and international control over the protection of human rights and between domestic and international jurisdiction; the controversy over the indivisibility of the three generations of rights; and, finally, the problem of the universal or relative character of human rights as viewed from historical and anthropological angles. The article also tries to answer the questions of whether there has been more progress than failure in the field of human rights and of whether the pressure of inhumanity around us is necessary to trigger human rights progress.

El conflicto armado interno colombiano, ha dejado millones de víctimas en nuestro país, conflicto de causas estructurales que lleva ya cincuenta años y que parece no tener un final a la vista. En el año 2005 el Gobierno Nacional sancionó la Ley 975 de 2005, mejor conocida como Ley de Justicia y Paz. Por medio de esta norma se buscó la desmovilización de los grupos paramilitares colombianos, buscando garantizar los derechos a la verdad, justicia y reparación. Sin embargo luego de ocho años de aplicarse, los resultados no han sido los esperados, tras el tiempo en marcha de la Ley 975 de 2005, su escaso margen de sentencias y condenas, llevaron a que en diferentes sectores se hablará del fracaso de la Ley de Justicia y Paz. Es así como en el año 2012, se expide la Ley 1592, por medio de la cual se reforma la Ley 975 de 2005 y propone un cambio en la forma de adelantar la investigación de las graves violaciones a los Derechos Humanos, mediante la priorización y selección de casos y la utilización del concepto de máximos responsables como direccionador, junto con los criterios de priorización que el Fiscal General de la Nación determine. El presente escrito contribuye a la determinación de si el enfoque priorizado de investigación, incide en el derecho a la verdad de las víctimas que hacen parte del proceso penal especial de Justicia y Paz, tomando como base e influencia la determinación de la verdad como derecho fundamental, observado desde la normatividad y jurisprudencia nacional e internacional, influenciado por la criminología cautelar del libro ¨La Palabra de los Muertos¨ del maestro Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni. (texto tomado de la fuente) The armed conflict in Colombia has left millions of victims in our country, structural causes of conflict which has lasted fifty years and seems to have no end in sight. In 2005 the Government passed Law 975 of 2005, known as the Law of Justice and Peace. By this standard demobilized Colombian paramilitary groups was sought, seeking to ensure the right to truth , justice and reparation . But after eight years of application , the results have not been expected after the running time of Act 975 of 2005, the limited room for convictions and sentences , led in different sectors will discuss the failure of the Act Justice and Peace . Thus, in 2012, Law 1592 was issued, by which Law 975 of 2005 reform and proposes a change in the way of advancing the investigation of serious violations of Human Rights, by prioritizing and selection of cases and the use of the concept of heads as router, along with the prioritization criteria that the Attorney General's Office determined. The present paper contributes to the determination of whether the prioritized research approach impinges on the right to the truth of the victims who are part of the Special Criminal Justice and Peace process, based on and influence the determination of truth as a fundamental right , seen from the regulations and national and international jurisprudence, influenced by the precautionary criminology book Word of the Dead Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni teacher. Maestría Sociología y Política Criminal