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There is considerable variation in the average cost of operations across urban rail transport (or metro) systems. Since metros are typically owned and operated by public authorities, there is a public interest case in understanding the key drivers of their operational costs. This paper estimates short-run cost functions for metro operations using a unique panel dataset from twenty-four metro systems around the world. We use a flexible translog specification and apply dynamic panel generalised method of moments (DPGMM) estimation to control for confounding from observed and unobserved characteristics of metro operations. Our empirical results show that metro systems with a high density of usage are the most cost-efficient. We also find that operational costs fall as metro size increases. These results have important implications for the economic appraisal of metro systems.

Public transport is being promoted worldwide to help resolve the environmental and congestion problems besetting cities. Travel comfort is increasingly seen as crucial to effecting the switch from private motorized modes to public transit. The purpose of this study is to measure the physical and human factors impacting travel comfort on mass urban rail transport. Randomly selected passengers (n = 368) commuting in subway cars at 14 levels of in-vehicle passenger density were intercepted to evaluate their satisfaction with the following factors related to comfort: crowding, noise, smell, air quality, temperature, illumination, vibration and safety from crime. Satisfaction with regard to crowding was negatively and linearly related to the number of passengers in the subway car. In the multiple regression model, however, perceived noise intensity accounted for more than the actual number of individuals in the car in the evaluation of crowding, with smell as a second significant contributor. Other significant factors in travel comfort included air quality, temperature, and fear of crime. Although it is found that objectively measured passenger crowding explains a major part of perceived travel comfort, other factors associated with the ambient environment are at least as important. Corrective measures to improve travel comfort could address the ambient environmental factors in the medium term, while the structural issue of over-crowding needs to be addressed in the longer term.

Nowadays, various factors such as the welfare of citizens as well as traffic and air pollution reduction demonstrate the necessity of the creation and development of urban rail transport systems. D...

Urban rail systems have an important place in public transportation with their speed, capacity, comfort, and integration. Metro networks, which are becoming increasingly widespread especially in big cities, are integrated with both urban rail systems and other urban transportation. The number of transfers of passengers using the urban rail system has increased with the integration. Speed, punctuality, and accessibility are among the most important expectations of passengers who prefer urban rail systems. Therefore, synchronization of timetables of integrated urban rail systems is important not to increase travel time. In addition to this, it is even more important for passengers to catch the last train since urban rail systems are not operated 24 hours a day. It has been observed that the transfer times of the passengers who want to catch the last train are more than the normal transfer speeds and they are affected by each other. The speeds of the last train transfer passengers were calculated using the particle swarm optimization algorithm to get better results from the synchronization of the last train timetables made according to the normal transfer speeds. In the study conducted with sample lines, timetables, and passenger numbers, the transfer speeds of the passengers and the number of successful transfers increased.

Urban rail transit (URT) systems are particularly favoured by planners due to their potential in attracting car users. However, a URT investment must be complemented by land-use characteristics at macroscale (whole city) and design parameters at microscale (vicinity of the station). Despite the common referencing to key concepts (i.e. density, diversity and connectivity), the variability in their definitions and scales causes ambiguity in the determination of their quantified impact on URT ridership. Furthermore, their impact may be different in developing countries, where more mesoscale (corridor-based) effects are expected in the early stages of the URT network. This study aimed to evaluate mathematically the impact of eight selected station design and public transit supply variables on ridership, based on data collected at 14 stations of two existing rail system corridors, both metro (M1) and light rail transit (A1) lines in Ankara, Turkey. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated three major groups of parameters: (1) land use, (2) public transit supply and (3) connectivity around stations. In single-variable regression models, density and diversity were not found to be statistically significant factors despite the commonly accepted conceptual relation to ridership. A multiple regression model with bus frequency and density (R2 = 0.902) explained the ridership in Ankara URT systems more significantly at its early development stage. There was a significant difference between developed factor relations for both M1 and A1 lines, suggesting that mesolevel impacts should be considered in the evaluation of URT systems.

Urban rail transit (URT) demand often exhibits tidal or centripetal shapes during peak/off-peak hours. Inefficiency occurs when the supply of service is not adjusted to the fluctuating demand. This...

Construction activities involve various risks, which can cause fatal major and minor accidents. The construction of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), which is the most prestige urban rail infrastructure project in Malaysia, also exposed to those accidents. Both fatal and non-fatal accidents have high significance in economic burden to the MRT project stakeholders. However, it is very difficult to quantify the costs of these accidents. The objective of this study is to explore a method to calculate accident costs during the construction of urban rail infrastructure projects. To derive accident costs at construction sites, an accurate structure of the data collection system is very essential. This study is based on previous research that classifies the accident costs into two basic categories, which are direct costs and indirect costs. Measuring accident costs and providing the most specific variables are crucial as the calculations should be as detailed as possible for the accurate provision of project budget as well as cost for controlling and monitoring purposes. This study can also increase awareness of accident costs in urban rail infrastructure projects.

Monitoring rail transit system performance is important for effective operations planning. The number of times passengers are denied boarding is becoming a key measure of the impact of near-capacity operations on customers and is fundamental for calculating other performance metrics, such as expected waiting time for service. This paper reviews existing methods and proposes a denied boarding probability distribution inference method for closed Automated Fare Collection (AFC) urban rail systems. Using AFC (tap-in and tap-out) and Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) data, the method relaxes some of the limitations of existing approaches. The problem is modeled using a mixture distribution framework that incorporates a priori structural information. It is data-driven and requires neither observations of denied boardings, nor assumptions about access/egress time distributions. Also, for comparison purposes, the paper presents an event-based deterministic transit assignment model with explicit capacity constraints. While the network assignment works at the network level and requires train capacity, the mixture model works at the station level, requires no external parameters, and can be easily applied to any station and for any time period. A case study illustrates the application of the proposed methods using actual data and compares the results against existing methods, and also survey data. The results demonstrate the mixture model’s robustness and applicability for monitoring denied boarding.

This article discusses a discrete-event modeling system for metro passenger flows, which can be used as a basis for building a digital twin of the metro system. The main result of the work is the presentation of a digital twin model that uses movement data collected by telecom operators. This reuse of data simplifies and reduces the cost of development. The proposed model can use the collected data on passenger flows to predict the load on the transport system. Organization of management of the transport system in critical situations can be named as one of the models of application. The model supports easy scaling and expansion. Originally described for a subway system, the model can be used for urban rail systems as well as commuter rail traffic.

Rail transit systems around the world have been suffering from heavily reduced ridership due to reduced capacity for social distancing and passengers’ concern over the risk of COVID-19 infection. Various countermeasures were implemented to reduce the COVID-19 risk so that passengers felt safe to travel on rail. The objectives of this study were to evaluate COVID-19 countermeasures of Bangkok’s urban rail from passengers’ viewpoints and examine its influence on passenger’s confidence. The background of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand and the rail countermeasures implemented in Bangkok were summarized. The data were obtained from an interview survey of 1105 railway passengers conducted at the stations during the second wave of the pandemic. Factor analyses and structural equation modeling were conducted. The results revealed that social distancing was not satisfied by the passengers but adversely caused inconvenience and increased infection risk when the station or rail were congested. On the other hand, the passenger temperature check, face mask enforcement, and hand sanitization countermeasures were found to highly and positively contribute to passengers’ confidence. Contact tracing application was also found to raise awareness and confidence. The findings provided insights for rail authorities and related agencies to effectively implement the countermeasures that would be practically and financially sustainable.

Freight tram systems can potentially reduce commercial road vehicle use and, consequently, reduce congestion, accidents, air pollution, noise levels, and road maintenance costs. This paper explores the new application for the urban rail system as a sustainable solution for urban freight distribution. A significant problem in using rail for urban freight is determining the most efficient tram route, in terms of related costs and accessibility for the distribution centers and end-users. The study takes a systematic approach, based on identifying scenarios, existing tramlines, traveled distances, and time durations, and appraises the scheme through an energy consumption analysis to assess a hypothetical freight tram scheme. In a German case study in Berlin, a freight tram system delivered the goods of five delivery companies from their logistics hubs in the Pankow district to a micro depot instead of to the trucks. Three different path scenarios from logistics hubs to the micro depot were developed, to make comparisons based on energy consumption. Freight tram implementation in Berlin (compared to the current situation) resulted in a reduction of more than 7 tons of CO2 emissions per year, and 60 road-vehicle-kilometers per day, in exchange for 275 MJ of daily electric consumption.

As one of the most important public transportation facilities in the city, urban rail transit facilities meet a large number of travel needs of the public, however, they are not the most important public transportation facilities in the city. Since most of the rail transit facilities are underground spaces, they are characterized by large flows of people and confined spaces, which can easily cause major disasters in the event of a disaster. Personnel injuries, therefore, are especially important for the study of passenger disaster evacuation in rail transit. The thesis proposes a theory of passenger evacuation in urban rail transit hubs based on system simulation, and studies the platform structure, platform structure, and platform structure of rail transit hubs. The influences of crowd size and crowd density on passenger evacuation, and the design of optimal evacuation scenarios for emergencies through simulation experiments. Evacuation paths and methods. Simulation results show that the evacuation strategy combining the three factors produces good results and can solve the bottleneck problem of emergency evacuation at the station. Reducing casualties, providing guidance for the design of emergency evacuation plans for urban rail stations, and providing guidance for disaster evacuation strategies in stations. Provide informative advice on design.

Tram transport is an important component of the urban transport system. In addition to subway and urban railway (including metropolitan railway), it is a component of the Urban Rail Transport (URT). One of the solutions in this system is the bi-directional tram. The objective of the article was to indicate factors conditioning the possibility of implementing and using the bi-directional tram in the urban transport system, with reference to the case study of Szczecin, Poland. The qualities of this mean of transport and conditions determining its functionality were also indicated, including those underlining its potential advantages over the traditional tram system. The analysis also includes the role that the bi-directional tram plays in European cities and potential benefits of using this mean of public transport in a sustainable urban transport system. The authors of the article applied the method of critical literature analysis, the documentary method and analysis, and the synthesis method. In addition, the results of field studies carried out by the authors in selected European cities with external and participating observations were included. The research was carried out from 2018 to 2019.

There has been a growing interest to improve urban rail services for increasing a city’s economic competitiveness. While accessibility provided by rail services has been the focus of many s...

Purpose: This study aims to create a model using a two-stage Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method to evaluate urban rail transport performance. Methodology: Within the scope of the study, the rail system lines operated in Ankara Electricity, Gas and Bus Operation Institution (EGO General Directorate) were evaluated by SWARA (Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) and ARAS (Additive Ratio Assessment) methods, which are MCDM methods. The importance weights of the evaluation criteria were determined using SWARA method and the performance values of the rail system lines were calculated using ARAS method.Findings: According to the results of the study, it has been determined that the most important criteria is the maximum passenger capacity. Besides, alternatives are respectively from the highest to the lowest according to their performance; it has been found as Batıkent-Sincan/Törekent, Çayyolu-Kızılay, Batıkent-Kızılay, Keçiören-Atatürk Cultural Center and Aşti-Dikimevi.Originality: In the literature, it has been seen that SWARA and ARAS methods are not used as a two stage method in the measurement of urban rail transportation system performance and productivity. Moreover, it is believed that the study applies to other urban transportation systems and will contribute to the literature., Amaç: Bu çalışma, kent içi raylı ulaşım performansını değerlendirmek için iki aşamalı bir Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemi kullanarak bir model oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır.Yöntem: Çalışma kapsamında Ankara Elektrik, Havagazı ve Otobüs İşletme Müessesesi’nde (EGO Genel Müdürlüğü) işletilen raylı sistem hatları, SWARA (Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) ve ARAS (Additive Ratio Assessment) yöntemleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. SWARA yöntemi ile değerlendirme kriterlerinin önem ağırlıkları belirlenmiş, ARAS yöntemi ile raylı sistem hatlarının performans değerleri hesaplanmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre değerlendirme kriterleri arasında en önemli kriterin maksimum yolcu kapasitesi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca alternatifler performanslarına göre en yüksekten en düşüğe doğru sırasıyla; Batıkent-Sincan/Törekent, Çayyolu-Kızılay, Batıkent-Kızılay, Keçiören-Atatürk Kültür Merkezi ve Aşti-Dikimevi olarak bulunmuştur.Özgünlük: Literatürde kent içi raylı ulaşım sistemi performans ve verimlilik ölçümü konusunda iki aşamalı bir yöntem olarak SWARA ve ARAS yöntemlerinin kullanılmadığı görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte çalışmanın diğer kent içi ulaşım sistemleri için de uygulanabilir olduğu ve literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

The urban rail network is a confined and independent space, the interior stations and tracks of which are highly correlated. If one or some specific stations were disrupted, it would impact the whole network gravely. Therefore, it is meaningful to recognize these critical stations and put more human and material resources take care of them. Based on the real-world smart-card data, we propose an analysis method including four indicators to find the critical stations in the urban rail networks. A multi-agent based simulation and min-max normalization are developed to obtain the final importance degree for each station. A case study based on the real-world passenger volume data from Beijing Metro network is conducted to illustrate the validity and availability of the developed method.

This study analyzed the determinants of urban rail supply in Tokyo using time series data for the postwar period. It modeled urban rail supply, measured by vehicle-kilometers of the urban rail service, incorporating demand for urban rail travel, urban rail travel speed, conditions of alternative transportation modes, land use patterns, and socioeconomic conditions as explanatory variables. The model adopted a lag structure for urban rail supply in line with the planning horizon. It was then estimated using the Bayesian model averaging approach, which provided robust estimation results based on our multivariate time series data. The results showed that investments in the urban rail network in Tokyo were primarily driven by the increase in demand for urban rail travel. In effect, demand growth in the Tokyo rail network has clearly translated to supply growth through the planning process; this induced supply has worked as one of the critical components in the establishment of a rail-oriented transportation system in Tokyo. Additionally, the negative effects of bus/tram travel speed on urban rail supply were estimated.

This study investigates the impact of the Austin MetroRail on commercial property values. Spatial Durbin models (SDM) suggest a modest price premium associated with rail transit across the study area. A premium gradient is also presented at different distance tiers from stations. When it comes to transit-oriented development (TOD), a synergistic effect in enlarging the premium is found: with additional $9.0/ft2, $8.6/ft2 and $5.3/ft2 at 0.25 mi, 0.25–0.5 mi and 0.5–0.75 mi, respectively. Furthermore, geographically weighted regression shows the premium is significantly higher in central business district (CBD) and TOD areas. Such recognition of the heterogeneous price effect is of use in the design of project financing and TOD strategies.

The Chinese national rail transit design specification decides the size of urban rail transit platforms in China. This suggested method treats passengers as homogeneous individuals when calculating the walking area within a platform. However, the heterogeneity of passenger behavior in a rail hub station has not been considered. It is not reasonable to see passengers as homogeneous individuals. In this study, by observing passenger behavior characteristics at rail hub platforms, two parameters were obtained, walking speed and luggage size. Passengers were then accordingly put into different groups, and dynamic spatial demands for each passenger group were calculated by parameter fitting functions. Based on the theory of spatiotemporal consumption, the nonlinear constraint model was constructed to determine the space-time consumption of each passenger group, and finally the area demands of different types of passengers were obtained for different time and passenger flows. An application was made to Beikezhan Station on Xi’an Metro line 2. The calculation results show the area demands ranges of four passenger groups with distinct characteristics, and their space-time consumption varied. The study can calculate the space demands for all passenger varieties within a rail hub transit platform and provide suggestions for the determination of the ideal walking area size of rail transit platforms.

The interior of urban rail transit system has always been the blind area of traditional passenger flow monitoring methods. The call detail record (CDR) data is a kind of data containing passenger travel information with the advantages of wide coverage and no dead angle. It can well complement the shortcoming that traditional passenger flow monitoring method has blind areas. This paper proposes an approach of urban rail passenger flow monitoring based on CDR data which can directly monitor passenger flow in metro station and passenger flow on different routes. It makes up the defect that previous research can only estimate passenger flow by models. Experiment with actual data, the one-week passenger flow of Beijing Metro Line 2 is monitored. It shows that the characteristics of passenger flow are closely related to the nature of land use and passengers are more likely to be affected by transfer times when transferring. The experimental results match reality and verify the feasibility of the algorithm.

Along with the rapid development of urban transportation in recent years, the urban rail network has gradually formed. In the context of networked operations, mass passenger flow brings challenges to security management. This paper presents a passenger flow index system for urban rail network to assess passenger-flow-status, from three aspects of the passenger flow in urban rail network, including the capacity, the connection state and the transferability. Based on the index system, wavelet neural network with the genetic algorithm (GA-WNN) is used to form the assessment method of passenger-flow-status in urban rail network. The advantages of the assessment method are verified by a case study.

With the development of the society, the intelligent video surveillance technology, which is an important part of the safety precaution measures, is more and more used in various industries. At the same time, it has been widely used in the rail transit industry because of the high-speed development of the rail transit industry. This paper introduces the development status of passenger flow detection technology based on intelligent video surveillance in various industries and analyzes the present situation and necessity of its application in rail transit industry, and then a rail transit passenger flow monitoring system based on intelligent video surveillance is proposed, and its advantages are analyzed.

The safety of urban rail vehicles is a crucial part in the operation of urban rail transit. Combining the concept of flexible management and the characteristics of urban rail vehicle operation and maintenance, this paper proposed the definition and process model of flexible operation and maintenance management of urban rail vehicles. Taking the vehicle door as a case, the activity-based classification is used to classify the vehicle equipment, and the decision tree method is used to determine the maintenance mode. The research work of this paper has theoretical significance and practical value for reducing the operation and maintenance cost of urban rail vehicles, improving the efficiency of maintenance and ensuring the safety of urban rail system.

In this paper, we apply flexible data-driven analysis methods on large-scale mass transit data to identify areas for improvement in the engineering and operation of urban rail systems. Specifically, we use data from automated fare collection (AFC) and automated vehicle location (AVL) systems to obtain a more precise characterisation of the drivers of journey time variance on the London Underground, and thus an improved understanding of delay. Total journey times are decomposed via a probabilistic assignment algorithm, and semiparametric regression is undertaken to disentangle the effects of passenger-specific travel characteristics from network-related factors. For total journey times, we find that network characteristics, primarily train speeds and headways, represent the majority of journey time variance. However, within the typically twice as onerous access and egress time components, passenger-level heterogeneity is more influential. On average, we find that intra-passenger heterogeneity represents 6% and 19% of variance in access and egress times, respectively, and that inter-passenger effects have a similar or greater degree of influence than static network characteristics. The analysis shows that while network-specific characteristics are the primary drivers of journey time variance in absolute terms, a nontrivial proportion of passenger-perceived variance would be influenced by passenger-specific characteristics. The findings have potential applications related to improving the understanding of passenger movements within stations, for example, the analysis can be used to assess the relative way-finding complexity of stations, which can in turn guide transit operators in the targeting of potential interventions.

This paper focuses on the demand-oriented passenger train scheduling problem for a congested urban rail line, considering uneven spatial and temporal demand distributions. A passenger-train interac...

In this study, the factors influencing the choice of the type of urban railroad transportation in the metropolitan areas of Korea were analyzed. As the populations of metropolitan areas are expanding, the importance of rail transportation, which has a high travel reliability in terms of travel time, has increased, and various types of railroad systems have emerged accordingly. This study was focused on the choice behavior of travelers on local and express trains that use the same track and differ only in the number of stations and operating times. To compare the choice behavior of travelers between local and express trains, factors such as the waiting time on the platform and the in-car travel time were considered. We also investigated the system choice behavior for an existing express subway and high-speed rail trains in tunnels at a great depth in terms of horizontal access time (walking), vertical access time, in-vehicle travel time, and travel fare. For a high-speed rail built underground at a great depth of 50 m, the stated preference survey was designed, and data were collected in consideration of the Great Train Express being promoted in the Seoul metropolitan area by the Korean government. The results of this study are expected to be considered important data for improving the rail system design from the user’s perspective to increase the demand for urban rail transportation in metropolitan areas.

Although urban rail transit provides significant daily assistance to users, traffic risk remains. Turn-back faults are a common cause of traffic accidents. To address turn-back faults, machines are able to learn the complicated and detailed rules of the train’s internal communication codes, and engineers must understand simple external features for quick judgment. Focusing on turn-back faults in urban rail, in this study we took advantage of related accumulated data to improve algorithmic and human diagnosis of this kind of fault. In detail, we first designed a novel framework combining rules and algorithms to help humans and machines understand the fault characteristics and collaborate in fault diagnosis, including determining the category to which the turn-back fault belongs, and identifying the simple and complicated judgment rules involved. Then, we established a dataset including tabular and text data for real application scenarios and carried out corresponding analysis of fault rule generation, diagnostic classification, and topic modeling. Finally, we present the fault characteristics under the proposed framework. Qualitative and quantitative experiments were performed to evaluate the proposed method, and the experimental results show that (1) the framework is helpful in understanding the faults of trains that occur in three types of turn-back: automatic turn-back (ATB), automatic end change (AEC), and point mode end change (PEC), (2) our proposed framework can assist in diagnosing turn-back faults.

This paper focuses on developing mathematical optimization models for the train timetabling problem with respect to dynamic travel demand and capacity constraints. The train scheduling models presented in this paper aim to minimize passenger waiting times at public transit terminals. Linear and non-linear formulations of the problem are presented. The non-linear formulation is then improved through introducing service frequency variables. Heuristic rules are suggested and embedded in the improved non-linear formulation to reduce the computational time effort needed to find the upper bound. The effectiveness of the proposed train timetabling models is illustrated through the application to an underground urban rail line in the city of Tehran. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed demand-oriented train timetabling models, in terms of decreasing passenger waiting times. Compared to the baseline and regular timetables, total waiting time is reduced by 6.36% and 10.55% respectively,...

Due to aging infrastructure, increasing demand and limited capacity, unplanned failures of urban rail systems have become a major concern for cities worldwide. A key feature of unplanned rail disruption (URD) is the often chaotic and crowded conditions which arise. Passengers are placed in a situation of uncertainty and must often find their own way to react. Because rail staff are busy coordinating responses, little is known of how passengers actually behave during a URD; what alternative modes are used when passengers leave stations?. In addition, apart from often ‘colourful’ complaints, it is often unclear what passengers think of operator responses; what are passengers priorities for responding to URD's? This research aims to understand passenger behaviours, perceptions and priority interventions in response to unplanned urban passenger rail disruptions. It reports on a major survey of rider responses undertaken for users of the Metropolitan heavy rail system in Melbourne, Australia.

A model system to forecast urban rail travel demand technically supported the formulation of the Tokyo Urban Rail Development Master Plan for 2016. The model system was included in the forthcoming 15-year urban rail investment strategy for Tokyo and was used to make a quantitative assessment of urban rail projects, including 24 new rail development projects that had been proposed in response to expected changes in sociodemographic patterns, land use markets, and the government’s latest transportation policy goals. The system covered the entire urban rail network within the Tokyo metropolitan area, with approximately a 50-km radius and a population of more than 34 million. The system would have to have handled more than 80 million trips per day. Three demand models were used to predict daily rail passenger link flows: urban rail, airport rail access, and high-speed rail access. These practical models had unique characteristics, such as incorporating differences in behavior between older and younger travelers, reflecting expected influences of urban redevelopment on trip generation and distribution, highlighting urban rail access to airports or high-speed-rail stations, examining effects of in-vehicle crowding on rail route choice, and deploying mode choice models for urban rail station access–egress for rail route choice. The authors concluded that the model system would be well calibrated with observed data for reproducing travel patterns, identifying potential problems, assessing proposed projects, presenting results with high accuracy, and assisting decision making of urban rail planners.

Rail level crossings (RLXs) are a public safety concern internationally. The design of the RLX environment has been implicated in many recent crashes. In this study we evaluated three novel RLX design concepts using a driving simulator. Participants completed four drives, each incorporating one of the RLX designs (one baseline and three novel designs) in both train coming and train not coming mode. Measures of speed and braking on approach were analyzed, along with subjective measures of workload and usability. Superior driving behavior and subjective ratings were achieved for a design that incorporated an in-vehicle device while the lowest subjective ratings were given in relation to a shared space design that incorporated a simplified crossing environment and sharing of the road environment between motorized and non-motorized users. The implications for RLX safety are discussed.

This article describes the service facilities in urban rail station, introduces the concept of passenger safety, and elaborates the few research on the safety level of the passenger. Using systematic dynamics method, the passenger behavior processes at the station can be analyzed and the passenger flow could be calculated. Silimar with service level evaluation factors, the paper proposes a method to assess the security both at escalator and platform in station for practical applications.

Along with our country, a steady and rapid development of economy, politics and culture, the traffic also got rapid development with the trend. The improvement of people's living standard in our country, more and more frequent transportation also emerged, the requirement for the quality of travel people also put forward higher requirements; Therefore, as a responsible for the daily commuter traffic tools, urban rail transit train delay problem should give our attention. The types of urban rail traffic delay is described in this paper, including the initial delay and joint and several delays, and expounds the time characteristics and spatial characteristics of delays, and the urban rail transit delays was studied, on the single line shows the single delays the transmission of the recursive formula, for the delay of the urban rail transit emergency disposal provides theory basis.

My country’s economy is gradually developing, and the demand for transportation between cities is increasing. Therefore, the construction of urban rail transit is a hot topic in transportation. Many related scholars and researchers have studied it through a lot of practice and have formed a lot of research results. This article analyzes the problems existing in the planning, design and construction of urban transportation rail transit, and proposes some corresponding solutions, hoping to provide references for the development of my country’s transportation industry.

This chapter presents a general framework to assess urban rail logistics suitability via a socio-economic cost-benefit analysis, also called social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA). First, the author proposes an overview on the basic notions of SCBA starting from those of classical cost-benefit analysis (CBA) then identifies and presents the main types of costs and benefits of railway urban logistics services and the related final delivery services associated to them using low emission road vehicles to serve final customers from the railway stops. After that, the main modelling issues needed for SCBA assessment are presented. Finally, as an example of application, the author proposes to assess a scenario of deployment of a freight tramway in Paris, in a possible configuration. The results show the potential of those approaches but also show that it is important to contextualize them and inform the different users about their real capabilities.

The economic development has been accompanied by the continuous increase of the urban population, which has led to an increase in the city’s total transportation demand and the urban traffic pressure. As a public service, urban rail transport plays a huge and indispensable role in solving people's travel problems. There are many reasons that affect the operation of urban rail trains, and among which tracking foreign bodies is one of the more common types. So, this paper focuses on the following three tasks: foreign object detection, foreign object classification, and early warning mechanism. Firstly, it designs and implements the detection method of foreign objects in the driving of urban rail vehicles. Secondly, it provides a foreign object detection algorithm to analyze and track the status of foreign objects efficiently by analyzing the track live video generated in the train operation system. Finally, an appropriate alarm processing is proposed according to the situation.

The Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT) System is set to be one of the mega projects in Malaysia. Many of the researches have focused on the causes of construction accident occurrences at the site. Whilst, this study focuses on the consequences (i.e., costs) of the occurrences of the accidents for the project. The work injuries create economic issues for our society. The awareness of accident costs is absent because the stakeholders always leave the matters to the insurance company. They are ignorant of the cost of an accident without realising the greatness of its impacts on the industry and the country. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between accident costs and the factors influencing the accident costs of urban rail infrastructure projects to the Employer. All these factors are known as safety and health cost dimensions. For this research, the Employer, also known as a Contractor, is the person who bears the accident costs (direct and indirect costs) of the project. Multiple regression performed on the sixty-two (62) accident cases from the MRT 1 SBK (Sungai Buloh-Kajang) Line Projects. These findings could heighten the importance of the effect of an accident on the Employer’s company’s economics and budgeting.

Although urban rain transit (URT) is an attractive alternative mode of daily travel, barriers exist in URT development across the world, in particular, the high cost of construction and operation and relative low rates of URT ridership. Despite these barriers, URT has gained considerable popularity worldwide in recent years; much of this trend is driven by projects in China. Despite this public support and implementation of URT projects, the ridership, capital costs and cost-effectiveness of URT projects remain largely unstudied. This paper addresses this planning and policy issue by examining line-level ridership and investment data for 97 heavy rail transit (HRT) lines and 12 light rail transit (LRT) lines in 28 Chinese cities. Comparative analysis is conducted so as to evaluate the performance and cost-effectiveness of HRT and LRT. Multiple linear regression analysis is used to explain the variability of URT cost-effectiveness and how it varies depending on land use density, project design, system service, and multimodal transit integration. Findings indicate that land-use density, line length, number of transfer stations, operation time, and bus ridership significantly contribute to higher levels of URT ridership, while URT ridership decreases significantly with train headway and the station’s distance from the city center. It is cost-effective to develop URT in high-density cities in spite of high costs, and some, if not all, LRT lines are more cost-effective than HRT lines. As of this analysis, the overdevelopment of HRT in China has failed to plan for multimodal transport integration and operational optimization. However, these shortcomings are also opportunities for Chinese transportation and land-use planners to develop more cost-effective URT projects that also improve the level of service available to the public.

Urban rail transit is an important constituent part of the modern urban traffic system. In recent years, some shocking and severe accidents taking place in urban rail transit have made people have a deeper cognition of the importance of safety management, and have also attracted the attention of governments and safety management departments at all levels. This article firstly introduces the safety characteristics of urban rail transit operation, analyzes the influential factors of rail transit safety, finally aiming at the main problems of urban rail transit safety management in China, some suggestions are provided for the construction of urban rail transit safety management

The high peak hour demand in Urban Rail Transport (URT) is usually met by supply side measures such as pushing more number of trains/cars in peak hour by the operator. This additional capacity generates more demand due to a positive elasticity of demand with respect to services. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC), India has converted its fleet from 4 cars per train to 6 cars per train and finally to 8 cars per train on its Broad Gauge section. The ridership of the system has also witnessed double digit growth during this conversion period. The demand elasticity w.r.t services for the passengers of DMRC has been estimated as 0.512 on the basis of growth of demand and increase in capacity after adjusting for natural growth. So a 10% increase in supply results into 5% increase in capacity. A simple service elasticity model has been developed to estimate demand with increase in supply. The model has been applied to Line 2 (yellow line), the busiest line of DMRC, to estimate the demand for different level of services (trains/hour). The efficacy of supply side measures is limited by the design capacity of the system beyond which any increase in supply would require disproportionate investment. An optimum combination of supply and demand side measures would perhaps be the best way to address peak hour congestion in Urban Rail Transport.

This paper reviews the one of problems that may occure for the tram operating in Korea, it's a free-riding problem, I analyzed the feasibility of combining the introduction of world-class technology solution "IT". It is under review the introduction of tram in Su-won city, Chang-won city, Wi-Rye new town. Free-riding is one of the biggest issues of any agency that operates the public transportation system. It has been acting as the main factors threatening the financial integrity of the operating agency, and the ratio of free-riding is further increased. In this paper, I want to build a foundation for the development of the system by analyzing the economic feasibility for the introduction of free-riding prevention system.