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1. One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains.

Author

Householder JE, Wittmann F, Schöngart J, Piedade MTF, Junk WJ, Latrubesse EM, Quaresma AC, Demarchi LO, de S Lobo G, Aguiar DPP, Assis RL, Lopes A, Parolin P, Leão do Amaral I, Coelho LS, de Almeida Matos FD, Lima Filho DA, Salomão RP, Castilho CV, Guevara-Andino JE, Carim MJV, Phillips OL, Cárdenas López D, Magnusson WE, Sabatier D, Revilla JDC, Molino JF, Irume MV, Martins MP, Guimarães JRDS, Ramos JF, Rodrigues DJ, Bánki OS, Peres CA, Pitman NCA, Hawes JE, Almeida EJ, Barbosa LF, Cavalheiro L, Dos Santos MCV, Luize BG, Novo EMML, Núñez Vargas P, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Costa FRC, Honorio Coronado EN, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Montero JC, Feldpausch TR, Aymard C GA, Baraloto C, Castaño Arboleda N, Engel J, Petronelli P, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Rincón LM, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Schietti J, Sousa TR, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Dantas do Amaral D, Castellanos H, Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance WF, Laurance SGW, Farias ES, Lopes MA, Magalhães JLL, Mendonça Nascimento HE, Queiroz HL, Brienen R, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Baker TR, Cintra BBL, Feitosa YO, Mogollón HF, Noronha JC, Barbosa FR, de Sá Carpanedo R, Duivenvoorden JF, Silman MR, Ferreira LV, Levis C, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, Draper FC, Toledo JJ, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Vicentini A, Cornejo Valverde F, Alonso A, Arroyo L, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Jimenez EM, Neill D, Peñuela Mora MC, Carvalho FA, Coelho de Souza F, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Pansonato MP, Ríos Paredes M, Barlow J, Berenguer E, Dexter KG, Ferreira J, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Licona JC, Pennington T, Villa Zegarra BE, Vos VA, Cerón C, Fonty É, Henkel TW, Maas P, Pos E, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas R, Daly D, Milliken W, Pardo Molina G, Vieira ICG, Albuquerque BW, Campelo W, Emilio T, Fuentes A, Klitgaard B, Marcelo Pena JL, Souza PF, Tello JS, Vriesendorp C, Chave J, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, Pereira LO, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Balee W, Barbosa EM, Bonates LCM, Doza HPD, Gómez RZ, Gonzales T, Gonzales GPG, Hoffman B, Junqueira AB, Malhi Y, Miranda IPA, Mozombite-Pinto LF, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Zent S, Zent EL, Cano A, Carrero Márquez YA, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Flores BM, Galbraith D, Holmgren M, Kalamandeen M, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Sierra R, Tirado M, Umaña MN, van der Heijden G, Vilanova Torre E, Ahuite Reategui MA, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Parada GA, Torres-Lezama A, Urrego Giraldo LE, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, de Oliveira EA, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Palacios Cuenca W, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Ramirez Arevalo F, Sampaio AF, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Valenzuela Gamarra L, and Ter Steege H

Subjects
Brazil, Forests, Biodiversity, Trees, Rivers, Floods
Abstract

Amazonia's floodplain system is the largest and most biodiverse on Earth. Although forests are crucial to the ecological integrity of floodplains, our understanding of their species composition and how this may differ from surrounding forest types is still far too limited, particularly as changing inundation regimes begin to reshape floodplain tree communities and the critical ecosystem functions they underpin. Here we address this gap by taking a spatially explicit look at Amazonia-wide patterns of tree-species turnover and ecological specialization of the region's floodplain forests. We show that the majority of Amazonian tree species can inhabit floodplains, and about a sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is ecologically specialized on floodplains. The degree of specialization in floodplain communities is driven by regional flood patterns, with the most compositionally differentiated floodplain forests located centrally within the fluvial network and contingent on the most extraordinary flood magnitudes regionally. Our results provide a spatially explicit view of ecological specialization of floodplain forest communities and expose the need for whole-basin hydrological integrity to protect the Amazon's tree diversity and its function., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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2. Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora.

Author

Ter Steege H, Pitman NCA, do Amaral IL, de Souza Coelho L, de Almeida Matos FD, de Andrade Lima Filho D, Salomão RP, Wittmann F, Castilho CV, Guevara JE, Veiga Carim MJ, Phillips OL, Magnusson WE, Sabatier D, Revilla JDC, Molino JF, Irume MV, Martins MP, da Silva Guimarães JR, Ramos JF, Bánki OS, Piedade MTF, Cárdenas López D, Rodrigues DJ, Demarchi LO, Schöngart J, Almeida EJ, Barbosa LF, Cavalheiro L, Dos Santos MCV, Luize BG, de Leão Novo EMM, Vargas PN, Silva TSF, Venticinque EM, Manzatto AG, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Casula KR, Honorio Coronado EN, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Montero JC, Costa FRC, Feldpausch TR, Quaresma AC, Castaño Arboleda N, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Assis RL, Baraloto C, do Amaral DD, Engel J, Petronelli P, Castellanos H, de Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Camargo JL, Laurance WF, Laurance SGW, Maniguaje Rincón L, Schietti J, Sousa TR, de Sousa Farias E, Lopes MA, Magalhães JLL, Nascimento HEM, de Queiroz HL, Aymard C GA, Brienen R, Stevenson PR, Araujo-Murakami A, Baker TR, Cintra BBL, Feitosa YO, Mogollón HF, Duivenvoorden JF, Peres CA, Silman MR, Ferreira LV, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, Draper FC, de Toledo JJ, Damasco G, García-Villacorta R, Lopes A, Vicentini A, Cornejo Valverde F, Alonso A, Arroyo L, Dallmeier F, Gomes VHF, Jimenez EM, Neill D, Peñuela Mora MC, Noronha JC, de Aguiar DPP, Barbosa FR, Bredin YK, de Sá Carpanedo R, Carvalho FA, de Souza FC, Feeley KJ, Gribel R, Haugaasen T, Hawes JE, Pansonato MP, Ríos Paredes M, Barlow J, Berenguer E, da Silva IB, Ferreira MJ, Ferreira J, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Levis C, Licona JC, Villa Zegarra BE, Vos VA, Cerón C, Durgante FM, Fonty É, Henkel TW, Householder JE, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Pos E, Silveira M, Stropp J, Thomas R, Daly D, Dexter KG, Milliken W, Molina GP, Pennington T, Vieira ICG, Weiss Albuquerque B, Campelo W, Fuentes A, Klitgaard B, Pena JLM, Tello JS, Vriesendorp C, Chave J, Di Fiore A, Hilário RR, de Oliveira Pereira L, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, van Andel TR, von Hildebrand P, Balee W, Barbosa EM, de Matos Bonates LC, Dávila Doza HP, Zárate Gómez R, Gonzales T, Gallardo Gonzales GP, Hoffman B, Junqueira AB, Malhi Y, de Andrade Miranda IP, Pinto LFM, Prieto A, Rudas A, Ruschel AR, Silva N, Vela CIA, Zent EL, Zent S, Cano A, Carrero Márquez YA, Correa DF, Costa JBP, Flores BM, Galbraith D, Holmgren M, Kalamandeen M, Lobo G, Torres Montenegro L, Nascimento MT, Oliveira AA, Pombo MM, Ramirez-Angulo H, Rocha M, Scudeller VV, Sierra R, Tirado M, Umaña MN, van der Heijden G, Vilanova Torre E, Reategui MAA, Baider C, Balslev H, Cárdenas S, Casas LF, Endara MJ, Farfan-Rios W, Ferreira C, Linares-Palomino R, Mendoza C, Mesones I, Parada GA, Torres-Lezama A, Urrego Giraldo LE, Villarroel D, Zagt R, Alexiades MN, de Oliveira EA, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Cuenca WP, Pansini S, Pauletto D, Ramirez Arevalo F, Sampaio AF, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Gamarra LV, Levesley A, Pickavance G, and Melgaço K

Subjects
Forests, Soil, Temperature, Trees, RNA, Long Noncoding
Abstract

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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3. Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree flora.

Author

Ter Steege H, Prado PI, Lima RAF, Pos E, de Souza Coelho L, de Andrade Lima Filho D, Salomão RP, Amaral IL, de Almeida Matos FD, Castilho CV, Phillips OL, Guevara JE, de Jesus Veiga Carim M, Cárdenas López D, Magnusson WE, Wittmann F, Martins MP, Sabatier D, Irume MV, da Silva Guimarães JR, Molino JF, Bánki OS, Piedade MTF, Pitman NCA, Ramos JF, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Venticinque EM, Luize BG, Núñez Vargas P, Silva TSF, de Leão Novo EMM, Reis NFC, Terborgh J, Manzatto AG, Casula KR, Honorio Coronado EN, Montero JC, Duque A, Costa FRC, Castaño Arboleda N, Schöngart J, Zartman CE, Killeen TJ, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Vasquez R, Mostacedo B, Demarchi LO, Feldpausch TR, Engel J, Petronelli P, Baraloto C, Assis RL, Castellanos H, Simon MF, de Medeiros MB, Quaresma A, Laurance SGW, Rincón LM, Andrade A, Sousa TR, Camargo JL, Schietti J, Laurance WF, de Queiroz HL, Nascimento HEM, Lopes MA, de Sousa Farias E, Magalhães JLL, Brienen R, Aymard C GA, Revilla JDC, Vieira ICG, Cintra BBL, Stevenson PR, Feitosa YO, Duivenvoorden JF, Mogollón HF, Araujo-Murakami A, Ferreira LV, Lozada JR, Comiskey JA, de Toledo JJ, Damasco G, Dávila N, Lopes A, García-Villacorta R, Draper F, Vicentini A, Cornejo Valverde F, Lloyd J, Gomes VHF, Neill D, Alonso A, Dallmeier F, de Souza FC, Gribel R, Arroyo L, Carvalho FA, de Aguiar DPP, do Amaral DD, Pansonato MP, Feeley KJ, Berenguer E, Fine PVA, Guedes MC, Barlow J, Ferreira J, Villa B, Peñuela Mora MC, Jimenez EM, Licona JC, Cerón C, Thomas R, Maas P, Silveira M, Henkel TW, Stropp J, Paredes MR, Dexter KG, Daly D, Baker TR, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Milliken W, Pennington T, Tello JS, Pena JLM, Peres CA, Klitgaard B, Fuentes A, Silman MR, Di Fiore A, von Hildebrand P, Chave J, van Andel TR, Hilário RR, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, Noronha JC, Prieto A, Gonzales T, de Sá Carpanedo R, Gonzales GPG, Gómez RZ, de Jesus Rodrigues D, Zent EL, Ruschel AR, Vos VA, Fonty É, Junqueira AB, Doza HPD, Hoffman B, Zent S, Barbosa EM, Malhi Y, de Matos Bonates LC, de Andrade Miranda IP, Silva N, Barbosa FR, Vela CIA, Pinto LFM, Rudas A, Albuquerque BW, Umaña MN, Carrero Márquez YA, van der Heijden G, Young KR, Tirado M, Correa DF, Sierra R, Costa JBP, Rocha M, Vilanova Torre E, Wang O, Oliveira AA, Kalamandeen M, Vriesendorp C, Ramirez-Angulo H, Holmgren M, Nascimento MT, Galbraith D, Flores BM, Scudeller VV, Cano A, Ahuite Reategui MA, Mesones I, Baider C, Mendoza C, Zagt R, Urrego Giraldo LE, Ferreira C, Villarroel D, Linares-Palomino R, Farfan-Rios W, Farfan-Rios W, Casas LF, Cárdenas S, Balslev H, Torres-Lezama A, Alexiades MN, Garcia-Cabrera K, Valenzuela Gamarra L, Valderrama Sandoval EH, Ramirez Arevalo F, Hernandez L, Sampaio AF, Pansini S, Palacios Cuenca W, de Oliveira EA, Pauletto D, Levesley A, Melgaço K, and Pickavance G

Subjects
Brazil, Biodiversity, Classification methods, Forests, Rivers, Trees classification
Abstract

Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, but the estimated species richness is very much debated. Here, we apply an ensemble of parametric estimators and a novel technique that includes conspecific spatial aggregation to an extended database of forest plots with up-to-date taxonomy. We show that the species abundance distribution of Amazonia is best approximated by a logseries with aggregated individuals, where aggregation increases with rarity. By averaging several methods to estimate total richness, we confirm that over 15,000 tree species are expected to occur in Amazonia. We also show that using ten times the number of plots would result in an increase to just ~50% of those 15,000 estimated species. To get a more complete sample of all tree species, rigorous field campaigns may be needed but the number of trees in Amazonia will remain an estimate for years to come.

Published
2020
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4. Scaling issues of neutral theory reveal violations of ecological equivalence for dominant Amazonian tree species.

Author

Pos E, Guevara JE, Molino JF, Sabatier D, Bánki OS, Pitman NCA, Mogollón HF, García-Villacorta R, Neill D, Phillips OL, Cerón C, Ríos Paredes M, Núñez Vargas P, Dávila N, Fiore AD, Rivas-Torres G, Thomas-Caesar R, Vriesendorp C, Young KR, Tirado M, Wang O, Sierra R, Mesones I, Zagt R, Vasquez R, Ahuite Reategui MA, Palacios Cuenca W, Valderrama Sandoval EH, and Ter Steege H

Subjects
Ecosystem, Models, Biological, Species Specificity, Biodiversity, Ecology, Trees
Abstract

Neutral models are often used as null models, testing the relative importance of niche versus neutral processes in shaping diversity. Most versions, however, focus only on regional scale predictions and neglect local level contributions. Recently, a new formulation of spatial neutral theory was published showing an incompatibility between regional and local scale fits where especially the number of rare species was dramatically under-predicted. Using a forward in time semi-spatially explicit neutral model and a unique large-scale Amazonian tree inventory data set, we show that neutral theory not only underestimates the number of rare species but also fails in predicting the excessive dominance of species on both regional and local levels. We show that although there are clear relationships between species composition, spatial and environmental distances, there is also a clear differentiation between species able to attain dominance with and without restriction to specific habitats. We conclude therefore that the apparent dominance of these species is real, and that their excessive abundance can be attributed to fitness differences in different ways, a clear violation of the ecological equivalence assumption of neutral theory., (© 2019 The Authors. Ecology Letters published by CNRS and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2019
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5. Species Distribution Modelling: Contrasting presence-only models with plot abundance data.

Author

Gomes VHF, IJff SD, Raes N, Amaral IL, Salomão RP, de Souza Coelho L, de Almeida Matos FD, Castilho CV, de Andrade Lima Filho D, López DC, Guevara JE, Magnusson WE, Phillips OL, Wittmann F, de Jesus Veiga Carim M, Martins MP, Irume MV, Sabatier D, Molino JF, Bánki OS, da Silva Guimarães JR, Pitman NCA, Piedade MTF, Mendoza AM, Luize BG, Venticinque EM, de Leão Novo EMM, Vargas PN, Silva TSF, Manzatto AG, Terborgh J, Reis NFC, Montero JC, Casula KR, Marimon BS, Marimon BH, Coronado ENH, Feldpausch TR, Duque A, Zartman CE, Arboleda NC, Killeen TJ, Mostacedo B, Vasquez R, Schöngart J, Assis RL, Medeiros MB, Simon MF, Andrade A, Laurance WF, Camargo JL, Demarchi LO, Laurance SGW, de Sousa Farias E, Nascimento HEM, Revilla JDC, Quaresma A, Costa FRC, Vieira ICG, Cintra BBL, Castellanos H, Brienen R, Stevenson PR, Feitosa Y, Duivenvoorden JF, Aymard C GA, Mogollón HF, Targhetta N, Comiskey JA, Vicentini A, Lopes A, Damasco G, Dávila N, García-Villacorta R, Levis C, Schietti J, Souza P, Emilio T, Alonso A, Neill D, Dallmeier F, Ferreira LV, Araujo-Murakami A, Praia D, do Amaral DD, Carvalho FA, de Souza FC, Feeley K, Arroyo L, Pansonato MP, Gribel R, Villa B, Licona JC, Fine PVA, Cerón C, Baraloto C, Jimenez EM, Stropp J, Engel J, Silveira M, Mora MCP, Petronelli P, Maas P, Thomas-Caesar R, Henkel TW, Daly D, Paredes MR, Baker TR, Fuentes A, Peres CA, Chave J, Pena JLM, Dexter KG, Silman MR, Jørgensen PM, Pennington T, Di Fiore A, Valverde FC, Phillips JF, Rivas-Torres G, von Hildebrand P, van Andel TR, Ruschel AR, Prieto A, Rudas A, Hoffman B, Vela CIA, Barbosa EM, Zent EL, Gonzales GPG, Doza HPD, de Andrade Miranda IP, Guillaumet JL, Pinto LFM, de Matos Bonates LC, Silva N, Gómez RZ, Zent S, Gonzales T, Vos VA, Malhi Y, Oliveira AA, Cano A, Albuquerque BW, Vriesendorp C, Correa DF, Torre EV, van der Heijden G, Ramirez-Angulo H, Ramos JF, Young KR, Rocha M, Nascimento MT, Medina MNU, Tirado M, Wang O, Sierra R, Torres-Lezama A, Mendoza C, Ferreira C, Baider C, Villarroel D, Balslev H, Mesones I, Giraldo LEU, Casas LF, Reategui MAA, Linares-Palomino R, Zagt R, Cárdenas S, Farfan-Rios W, Sampaio AF, Pauletto D, Sandoval EHV, Arevalo FR, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I, Garcia-Cabrera K, Hernandez L, Gamarra LV, Alexiades MN, Pansini S, Cuenca WP, Milliken W, Ricardo J, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Pos E, and Ter Steege H

Subjects
Brazil, Chrysobalanaceae physiology, Fabaceae physiology, Humans, Polygonaceae physiology, Conservation of Natural Resources statistics & numerical data, Models, Statistical, Plant Dispersal physiology, Trees physiology
Abstract

Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used in ecology and conservation. Presence-only SDMs such as MaxEnt frequently use natural history collections (NHCs) as occurrence data, given their huge numbers and accessibility. NHCs are often spatially biased which may generate inaccuracies in SDMs. Here, we test how the distribution of NHCs and MaxEnt predictions relates to a spatial abundance model, based on a large plot dataset for Amazonian tree species, using inverse distance weighting (IDW). We also propose a new pipeline to deal with inconsistencies in NHCs and to limit the area of occupancy of the species. We found a significant but weak positive relationship between the distribution of NHCs and IDW for 66% of the species. The relationship between SDMs and IDW was also significant but weakly positive for 95% of the species, and sensitivity for both analyses was high. Furthermore, the pipeline removed half of the NHCs records. Presence-only SDM applications should consider this limitation, especially for large biodiversity assessments projects, when they are automatically generated without subsequent checking. Our pipeline provides a conservative estimate of a species' area of occupancy, within an area slightly larger than its extent of occurrence, compatible to e.g. IUCN red list assessments.

Published
2018
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