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A water-compatible magnetic triclosan (TCS) imprinted material (TCS-CTS-Fe 0 -MIPs) was synthesized for selective enrichment and detection of TCS in real complex water samples. The material was synthesized by using chitosan (CTS) as functional monomer, which has rich surface O- and N-containing functional groups. The TCS imprinted CTS was coated on Fe 0 surface and then cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that the imprinted material was covered with a layer of imprinted film, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the imprinted material had more functional groups (amino and hydroxyl groups) than that of non-imprinted material. The TCS imprinted and non-imprinted materials used in each adsorption experiments were 0.1 mg mL -1 . The maximum adsorption capacity of the TCS imprinted material and non-TCS imprinted material were 20.86 and 15.11 mg g -1 , respectively. The adsorption results showed that selectivity coefficient was 10.151, 1.353, and 8.271 in the presence of p-chlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and bisphenol-A, respectively. The recoveries of river water and lake water samples were 92.8, 91.3, 92.4, and 81.4, 82.3, 82.1%, respectively, when the samples were spiked with 4, 6, and 8 μg L -1 of TCS with the imprinted material. The adsorption capacity of the TCS imprinted material and non-TCS imprinted material lost 5.2 and 6.2% after six times of recycling. The high selectivity and excellent adsorption capacity of the imprinted material can be attributed to the presence of sterically complementary imprinted sites and high surface, which would also made it more accessible to TCS than that of non-imprinted material. The present study would provide an environmental friendly and convenient method for the removal and the monitoring of TCS in environmental water samples.

In order to expand the potential applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), structure directing agents modified mesoporous MIL-53(Al) (MIL-53(Al)-1) was investigated to adsorb triclosan (TCS) with two different initial concentrations. MIL-53(Al)-1 with high mesoporosity and total pore volume exhibited higher adsorption capacity and 4.4 times faster adsorption of TCS at low concentration (1 mg L -1 ) than that of microporous MIL-53(Al). Also, mesoporous as well as microporous MIL-53(Al) showed significant higher adsorption capacity and two orders of magnitude greater fast uptake of TCS than two kinds of mesoporous-activated carbon. The adsorption of TCS onto MIL-53(Al)-1 released more energy and had higher disorderliness than TCS on MIL-53(Al). The superior adsorption characteristics of MIL-53(Al)-1 were preserved over a wide pH range (4-9), at high concentration of ionic strengths, and in the presence of coexisting compounds (anions, cations, phenol, aniline, and humic acid). The selectivity adsorption and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed that TCS adsorption on MIL-53(Al)s was mainly driven by hydrophobicity interaction assisted with hydrogen bonding on MIL-53(Al)s. MIL-53(Al)s can be effectively regenerated several times by washing with 90% methanol-water (pH 11). All of the above results demonstrated MIL-53(Al)s are promising adsorbents for water purification. Graphical abstract.

Cationic microfibrillated cellulose (CMFC), as one kind of cellulose-based materials, is widely used in many fields. In this work, it was functionalized with a traditional antibacterial agent (triclosan, TCS). The sorption process of TCS onto CMFC was expressed by kinetic and isotherm models. The results showed that there was a high correlation coefficient (R(2)>0.9) in the pseudo-second-order model and the isotherm models, indicating that CMFC had a good sorption capacity for TCS. The sorption type was chemisorption, and the reaction power was electrostatic interactions. The antibacterial activity of the assembled TCS/CMFC compound was tested by disk diffusion method, and it was found a higher antibacterial activity than CMFC alone (bigger inhibition zone diameters). Further, the functionalized TCS/CMFC compound was used in the fiber network during handsheets making, and it had a higher antibacterial rate than TCS alone (increase by 45.1% against Escherichia coli and by 54.8% against Staphylococcus aureus, respectively)., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Effects of pH, ionic strength and DOM on the sorption and desorption of triclosan (TCS) in sediment-water-rhamnolipid systems were systematically investigated through controlled batch experiments. Results showed that solubilization enhancement of TCS by rhamnolipid was higher in acid pH range than in alkaline pH range and was the highest at the ionic strength of 5×10(-2) M. Sorption of rhamnolipid onto sediment decreased with the increase of pH while the result was contrary to ionic strength. Moreover, the apparent distribution coefficients of TCS (Kd(*)) decreased from 73.35 to 32.30 L/kg with an increase of solution pH, as varying pH had significant influence on sorption of RL onto sediment and degree of ionization of TCS. Rhamnolipid presented the largest distribution capacity of TCS into the aqueous phase at moderate ionic strength (5×10(-2) M) with the Kd(*) of 17.26 L/kg. Further results also indicated that the presence of humic acid in aqueous phase could increase the desorption of TCS from contaminated sediment. The desorption enhancement was much higher in the system containing both rhamnolipid and DOM than in the single system. These findings provide meaningful information for enhanced migration of TCS from sediment to water by rhamnolipid., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was used as substrates to carry triclosan (TCS), which was then applied as a coating agent for impacting antibacterial property to paper while also improving its strength. The TCS-loaded NFC material was further characterized. UV-vis spectra results showed that a characteristic absorption band at 282 nm was observed, which was attributed to triclosan, confirming its successful loading onto NFC. The antibacterial activity tests indicated that the coated paper exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, and the growth inhibition of bacteria (GIB) increased as the loading amount of triclosan coated on paper increased. The GIB can reach 98.7% when the 0.023 g TCS-loaded NFC was coated on paper. Meanwhile, the tensile and tear index of the coated paper increased by 18.0% and 26.4%, respectively compared to the blank paper. Therefore, the triclosan-loaded paper could be potentially used in the medical field., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

To obtain effective adsorbent that can remove emerging organic pollutant of triclosan (TCS) in aquatic environment, different ester-containing Gemini surfactant-modified MMT (EMMT) were prepared under microwave irradiation. The whole process was rapid, uniform, easy and energy-efficient. The structures and morphology of EMMT were characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-IR, SEM and TGA. The results revealed that the saturated intercalation amount of this surfactant was 0.8 times to cation exchange capacity (CEC) of MMT, and there was electrostatic interaction between ester-containing Gemini surfactant and MMT. In addition, they bound in the ways of intercalation, intercalation-adsorption or adsorption, which relied on the dosage of the surfactant. The surface of EMMT was hydrophobic, rough and fluffy, which contributed to its strong adsorption capacity. The adsorption equilibrium data of EMMT for TCS were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption model. The result showed that Langmuir isothermal adsorption model could describe the adsorption behavior better, the adsorption behavior of TCS on EMMT was confirmed to a surface monolayer adsorption, and notably the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity was up to 133 mg/g. Therefore, this work lays important foundation on developing effective and safe absorbent materials for the treatment of emerging organic pollutants., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Block copolymer micelles with bactericidal properties were designed to deactivate pathogens such as E. coli bacteria. The micelles of PS-b-PAA and PS-b-P4VP block copolymers were loaded with biocides TCMTB or TCN up to 20 or 30 wt.-%, depending on the type of antibacterial agent. Bacteria were exposed to loaded micelles and bacterial deactivation was evaluated. The micelles loaded with TCN are bactericidal; bacteria are killed in less than two minutes of exposure. The most likely interpretation of the data is that the biocide is transferred to the bacteria by repeated micelle/bacteria contacts, and not via the solution., (Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The preparation of a cationic beta-cyclodextrin polymer (CPbetaCD) and its complexes with butylparaben and triclosan were reported in this paper. FT-IR and 2D 1H-1H gCOSY NMR spectra confirmed that the antibiotics could be included inside of the lipophilic cavities of CPbetaCD. The formation of complexation of CPbetaCD with the antibiotics significantly improved the water solubility. The solubility of the antibiotics linearly increased with the concentration of CPbetaCD, and the values of the association constant K1:1 of the butylparapben/CPbetaCD and triclosan/CPbetaCD complexes were 3800 and 3082 M(-1), respectively. The results also suggested that it was easier for butylparaben, which had relative smaller molecular size, to form the complexes with CPbetaCD than triclosan. Due to the targeting effect after the complexation with CPbetaCD, the antimicrobial activity of butylparaben can be significantly improved. Meanwhile, this improvement effect was not obvious for triclosan.