Search

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. Triglyceride (TG) accumulation is central to NAFLD development. People now spend most of their day in the postprandial state, and the measurement of postprandial blood lipid concentration can make up for the lack of simple detection of fasting blood lipids. Postprandial triglyceride (PTG) is commonly used as a surrogate for postprandial blood lipid concentrations, and many studies have shown that PTG is a risk factor for NAFLD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between PTG concentration during oral fat tolerance testing (OFTT) and NAFLD., Methods: A total of 472 Chinese adults, aged 25 to 65 years, were enrolled in the study. All the participants underwent OFTT. The serum concentrations of TG and other lipids were measured, and their relationships with NAFLD were analyzed., Results: Of the 472 participants, 155 were diagnosed with NAFLD. The fasting and postprandial TG concentrations of the participants with NAFLD were higher than those of healthy participants (P < 0.05). The TG concentrations of the healthy participants peaked 4 h postprandially, whereas those of the participants with NAFLD peaked 6 h postprandially and reached higher peak values. Postprandial TG concentration was significantly associated with a higher risk of NAFLD., Conclusions: High PTG is positively related to a higher risk of NAFLD, and the PTG concentrations of patients with NAFLD are higher than in healthy individuals, with a delayed peak. Therefore, 4-h PTG may represent a potential marker of NAFLD., Trial Registration: ChiCTR1800019514 .

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and cervical vascular function parameters in the general population without cerebrovascular disease. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that recruited a total of 1996 participants without cerebrovascular disease. TyG index was calculated based on fasting triglycerides and glucose. All patients were divided into two groups based on the median TyG index: the high TyG group and the low TyG group. The differences in basic clinical characteristics and neck vascular function parameters between the two groups of participants were compared, and then the correlation between TyG index and neck vascular function parameters was investigated. Results: Participants with a high TyG index had lower systolic, diastolic, and mean flow velocities in the basilar, vertebral, and internal carotid arteries compared with those with a low TyG index. Participants with a high TyG index had higher pulsatility index in the left vertebral artery and right internal carotid artery, but this difference was not observed in the basilar artery. In addition, TyG index was significantly negatively correlated with systolic, diastolic, and mean flow velocities in the basilar, vertebral, and internal carotid arteries, and the correlation remained after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: In the general population, there was a well-defined correlation between TyG index and cervical vascular function parameters, and increased TyG index was independently associated with reduced cervical vascular blood flow velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteoporosis is a very common bone disease in the elderly population and can lead to fractures and disability. Malnutrition can lead to osteoporosis. The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) is a tool used to assess the risk of malnutrition and complications associated with nutritional status in older patients and is a crucial predictor of many diseases. Hence, this study investigated the association between the GNRI and the presence of osteoporosis and assessed the value of this index for predicting osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 610 elderly patients with T2DM. General and laboratory data of the patients were collected, along with their measurements of bone mineral density (BMD). The GNRI was calculated based on ideal body weight and serum albumin (ABL) levels. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between the GNRI and BMD and bone metabolism indices. The GNRI predictive value for osteoporosis development was analyzed through logistic regression analysis and by creating a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Results: All patients were divided into the no-nutritional risk and nutritional risk groups. Compared with the no-nutritional risk group, the nutritional risk group had a longer diabetes course, older age, higher HbA1c levels, higher prevalence of osteoporosis; lower BMI, ABL,triglyceride (TG),Calcium (Ca),25-hydroxy-vitamin-D(25(OH)D),and parathyroid hormone(PTH) and lower femoral neck BMD,total hip BMD (P < 0.05). All patients were also assigned to the non-osteoporosis and osteoporosis groups. The non-osteoporosis group had higher GNRI values than the osteoporosis group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between the GNRI and lumbar BMD, femoral neck BMD, and total hip BMD (P < 0.05). After the adjustment for confounding factors, Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the GNRI was positively correlated with Ca, 25(OH)D, and PTH and negatively correlated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and procollagen of type-1 N-propeptide (P1NP). Regression analysis exhibited that the GNRI was significantly associated with osteoporosis. The ROC curve analysis was performed using the GNRI as the test variable and the presence of osteoporosis as the status variable. This analysis yielded an AUC for the GNRI of 0.695 and was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: A lower GNRI among T2DM patients in northern China is associated with a higher prevalence of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between vitamin D status and islet function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The participants were recruited from Hebei General Hospital. Basic characteristics and blood indicators were collected after fasting overnight. The data were analyzed statistically using SPSS 22.0. Analysis of variance, a nonparametric test, or a trend Chi-square test was used for the comparisons. The association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D and modified homeostasis model assessment-β was assessed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression. Results: One hundred seventy-four patients aged 26 to 79 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. Patients with vitamin D deficiency had a lower modified homeostasis model assessment-β level compared with those without vitamin D deficiency. There were differences in body mass index, diabetes course, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, fasting blood C-peptide, triglyceride, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D among different modified homeostasis model assessment-β groups based upon the tertiles. 25-hydroxy vitamin D, as continuous or categorical variables, was positively related to modified homeostasis model assessment-β whether or not cofounding factors were adjusted. Conclusion: There is an association between increased 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and improvement in modified homeostasis model assessment-β function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trial registration: Cross-sectional trails ChiCTR2000029391, Registration Date: 29/01/2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of endoplasmaic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA ) on lipid deposition and hepatic insulin signal transduction in obese rats induced by high-fat-diet. Methods Forty-three male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups by random number table (body weight: 240- 270 g): control group(n=14), obesity group(n=14)and 4-PBA group(n=15)(4-PBA was administered to rats after 4 weeks of high fat feeding, 0.35 g/kg∙d). Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study was performed to detect glucose infusion rate (GIR) after 8 weeks of feeding. After rats were sacrificed, liver triglyceride content was measured. Protein expressions of ERS stress markers and hepatic insulin signaling transduction factors were detected by western blotting. Results (1) GIR in 3 groups were respectively(17.1±1.5),(10.2±1.4),(14.2±2.3)mU/(kg∙min)(F=16.92,P<0.05). GIR was significantly decreased in obesity group((10.2±1.4) mU/(kg∙min))compared with control group ((17.1±1.5) mU/(kg∙min), t=33.12, P<0.05). GIR was significantly increased in 4-PBA group((14.2±2.3)mU/(kg∙min)) compared with obesity group(t=21.69, P<0.05). (2) Hepatic TG was significantly increased in obesity group ((29.2 ± 3.3) µmol/g) compared with control group((11.6 ± 0.5) &3181;mol/g, t=24.31, P<0.05) while was significantly decreased in 4-PBA group((16.9±2.8) &3181;mol/g) compared with obesity group(t=61.22, P<0.05) (3) Compared with control group, the protein expression of phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α) and splice X-box binding protein (s-XBP-1) were significantly increased in obesity group (both P<0.05). ERS markers were significantly down-regulated in 4-PBA group compared with obesity group (both P<0.05). (4) Compared with control group, the protein expression of phosphorylated-IRS-1, phosphorylated-Akt and phosphorylated-GSK-3α/β were significantly decreased in obesity group(t=16.80, 24.66,16.43;all P<0.05). The protein expression of p- IRS-1,p-Akt and p-GSK- 3α/β were significantly increased in 4-PBA group compared with obesity group(t=19.12,39.52,23.72;all P<0.05). Conclusions 4-PBA may improve insulin sensitivity and fatty liver in obese rats induced by high-fat-diet through improving hepatic insulin signal transduction by suppressing ERS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]