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3 results on '"Odendaal R"'

1. Adherence to Concurrent Tuberculosis Treatment and Antiretroviral Treatment among Co-Infected Persons in South Africa, 2008-2010.

Author

Webb Mazinyo E, Kim L, Masuku S, Lancaster JL, Odendaal R, Uys M, Podewils LJ, and Van der Walt ML

Subjects
Adult, Demography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, South Africa, Anti-Retroviral Agents therapeutic use, Antitubercular Agents therapeutic use, Coinfection drug therapy, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections drug therapy, Medication Adherence, Tuberculosis complications, Tuberculosis drug therapy
Abstract

Background: Adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment and antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces morbidity and mortality among persons co-infected with TB/HIV. We measured adherence and determined factors associated with non-adherence to concurrent TB treatment and ART among co-infected persons in two provinces in South Africa., Methods: A convenience sample of 35 clinics providing integrated TB/HIV care was included due to financial and logistic considerations. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted among persons who received concurrent TB treatment and ART and who had a TB treatment outcome recorded during 1 January 2008-31 December 2010. Adherence to concurrent TB and HIV treatment was defined as: (1) taking ≥80% of TB prescribed doses by directly observed therapy (DOT) as noted in the patient card; and (2) taking >90% ART doses as documented in the ART medical record during the concurrent treatment period (period of time when the patient was prescribed both TB treatment and ART). Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to identify factors associated with non-adherence., Results: Of the 1,252 persons receiving concurrent treatment, 138 (11.0%) were not adherent. Non-adherent persons were more likely to have extrapulmonary TB (RR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.60) and had not disclosed their HIV status (RR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.96 to 3.76)., Conclusions: The majority of persons with TB/HIV were adherent to concurrent treatment. Close monitoring and support of persons with extrapulmonary TB and for persons who have not disclosed their HIV status may further improve adherence to concurrent TB and antiretroviral treatment.

Published
2016
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2. Treatment Outcomes of Patients With Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis According to Drug Susceptibility Testing to First- and Second-line Drugs

Author

Bastos, Mayara L., Hussain, Hamidah, Weyer, Karin, Garcia-Garcia, Lourdes, Leimane, Vaira, Leung, Chi Chiu, Narita, Masahiro, Penã, Jose M., Ponce-de-Leon, Alfredo, Seung, Kwonjune J., Shean, Karen, Sifuentes-Osornio, José, Van der Walt, Martie, Van der Werf, Tjip S., Yew, Wing Wai, Menzies, Dick, Ahuja, S., Ashkin, D., Avendaño, M., Banerjee, R., Bauer, M., Becerra, M., Benedetti, A., Burgos, M., Centis, R., Chan, E.D., Chiang, C.Y., Cobelens, F., Cox, H., D'Ambrosio, L., de Lange, W.C.M., DeRiemer, K., Enarson, D., Falzon, D., Flanagan, K., Flood, J., Gandhi, N., Garcia-Garcia, L., Granich, R.M., Hollm-Delgado, M.G., Holtz, T.H., Hopewell, P., Iseman, M., Jarlsberg, L.G., Keshavjee, S., Kim, H.R., Koh, W.J., Lancaster, J., Lange, C., Leimane, V., Leung, C.C., Li, J., Menzies, D., Migliori, G.B., Mitnick, C.M., Narita, M., Nathanson, E., Odendaal, R., O'Riordan, P., Pai, M., Palmero, D., Park, S.K., Pasvol, G., Pena, J., Pérez-Guzmán, C., Ponce-de-Leon, A., Quelapio, M.I.D., Quy, H.T., Riekstina, V., Robert, J., Royce, S., Salim, M., Schaaf, H.S., Seung, K.J., Shah, L., Shean, K., Shim, T.S., Shin, S.S., Shiraishi, Y., Sifuentes-Osornio, J., Sotgiu, G., Strand, M.J., Sung, S.W., Tabarsi, P., Tupasi, T.E., Vargas, M.H., van Altena, R., van der Walt, M., van der Werf, T.S., Viiklepp, P., Westenhouse, J., Yew, W.W., Yim, J.J., and Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Drug, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, media_common.quotation_subject, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS, CITY, CALIFORNIA, Antitubercular Agents, drug susceptibility test, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, treatment outcomes, Pharmacology, THERAPY, Young Adult, Pharmacotherapy, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, medicine, Odds Ratio, STANDARDIZED REGIMENS, MANAGEMENT, PROGRAM, Humans, COHORT, Articles and Commentaries, Ethambutol, media_common, business.industry, multidrug resistant, Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, Odds ratio, Pyrazinamide, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Multiple drug resistance, meta-analysis, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, tuberculosis, Female, business, FOLLOW-UP, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background. Individualized treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis depends upon reliable and valid drug susceptibility testing (DST) for pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and second-line tuberculosis drugs. However, the reliability of these tests is uncertain, due to unresolved methodological issues. We estimated the association of DST results for pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and second-line drugs with treatment outcomes in patients with MDR tuberculosis and XDR tuberculosis.Methods. We conducted an analysis of individual patient data assembled from 31 previously published cohort studies of patients with MDR and XDR tuberculosis. We used data on patients' clinical characteristics including DST results, treatment received, outcomes, and laboratory methods in each center.Results. DST methods and treatment regimens used in different centers varied considerably. Among 8955 analyzed patients, in vitro susceptibility to individual drugs was consistently and significantly associated with higher odds of treatment success (compared with resistance to the drug), if that drug was used in the treatment regimen. Various adjusted and sensitivity analyses suggest that this was not explained by confounding. The adjusted odds of treatment success for ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and the group 4 drugs ranged from 1.7 to 2.3, whereas for second-line injectables and fluoroquinolones, odds ranged from 2.4 to 4.6.Conclusions. DST for ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and second-line tuberculosis drugs appears to provide clinically useful information to guide selection of treatment regimens for MDR and XDR tuberculosis.

Published
2014

3. Missed opportunities for accessing HIV care among Tshwane tuberculosis patients under different models of care

Author

Theresa M. Rossouw, Louwagie G, van der Walt M, Girdler-Brown B, Odendaal R, and Johnson S

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Referral, Art initiation, Antitubercular Agents, Alternative medicine, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Developing country, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Risk Assessment, Health Services Accessibility, South Africa, Risk Factors, medicine, Antiretroviral treatment, Humans, Registries, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Retrospective Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, Coinfection, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated, business.industry, medicine.disease, Logistic Models, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Models, Organizational, Family medicine, Multivariate Analysis, Female, Medical Record Linkage, business, Cohort study
Abstract

To compare access to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care for tuberculosis (TB) patients in settings with antiretroviral treatment (ART) and TB care under one roof ('semi-integrated sites') and in settings with geographically separately rendered care in Tshwane, South Africa.Historical cohort study of patients registered with TB at 46 TB treatment points, with follow-up until the end of anti-tuberculosis treatment. ART initiation for HIV-positive TB patients was established through linkage of TB register patient identifiers to the electronic ART register. Data analysis entailed univariate and multivariate competing risk analysis.The records of 636 and 1297 patients for semi-integrated and separate facilities, respectively, were reviewed. Cotrimoxazole prophylactic therapy and recording of CD4 count were lower in semi-integrated than in separate facilities, but the reverse was true for referral to HIV-related care. A higher percentage of patients started ART in the semi-integrated than in the separate facilities (70.5% vs. 44.6%, P0.001). In competing risk analysis (with death and lost to follow-up as competing risks), attending a semi-integrated facility (sub-hazard ratio [SHR] 2.49, 95%CI 1.06-5.88) and TB case load401 (SHR 1.45, 95%CI 1.04-2.03) were associated with increased ART initiation.ART and TB treatment under one roof appears to facilitate ART initiation for HIV-positive TB patients.

Published
2012
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