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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production on sandy soils requires added N. Only 40–60% of the applied N is acquired by the crop. Increased N use efficiency (NUE) and its components, N utilization efficiency (NUtE) and N uptake efficiency (NUpE), could reduce fertilizer rates and environmental losses. We compared N efficiency in fresh‐market red potato varieties, in terms of yield and quality traits, and examined potential mechanisms for that efficiency including uptake, utilization, and increased root growth. We grew selections from a red potato breeding population and commercial varieties under two N rates: 101 and 202 kg N ha−1. We compared NUE, NUpE, and NUtE in low and high N. We compared root phenotypes at tuber initiation and yield and skin quality metrics at harvest. Values for NUtE correlated with NUE and yield in low N and NUpE correlated with NUE and yield in high N. Low‐N conditions produced smaller tubers, while high N resulted primarily in medium tubers. Nitrogen did not affect skinning and redness but low N did result in slightly lighter skin color. Total root mass 45 d after planting (DAP) correlated with final yield and NUE but did not correlate with measures of N uptake across treatments. Larger roots correlated with NUpE only in the high‐N treatment. Selection under low N may reveal NUE and expose more stable representations of the genetic components of skin quality phenotypes. While skinning and skin color were more variable among varieties in low N, within variety they exhibited year‐to‐year consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Availability of soil moisture and N are primary limiting factors for potato growth on sandy soils in humid climates. This study was conducted to determine whether tuber yield or net economic return were affected by variable rate (VR) N or reduced irrigation management, and to evaluate methods to detect crop N status including remote sensing, chlorophyll meter, and petiole sampling. The effects of six N rate, source, and timing treatments and two irrigation rate treatments on tuber yield, quality, and net profitability for potato [Solanum tuberosum (L.) 'Russet Burbank'] were investigated in 2016 and 2017 at Becker, MN, on a Hubbard loamy sand. A VR N treatment based on the N sufficiency index (NSI) approach using remote sensing was also tested. Irrigation treatments included a conventional rate (100%) and a reduced rate (85%). The VR treatment reduced N applied relative to the recommended rate by 22 and 44 kg N ha-1 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Irrigation rate was reduced by 29 and 33 mm in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Neither VR N nor reduced irrigation produced significant differences in tuber yield or net return compared to full rate treatments. Using NSI, remote sensing was able to predict crop N status with comparable accuracy to petiole sampling while chlorophyll meter measurements were less sensitive to detecting crop N stress. Managing N using remote sensing and reducing irrigation rate are strategies that could be used on sandy soils in humid climates without having agronomic or economic impacts on potato production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New cultivars 'Alpine Russet', 'Dakota Trailblazer' and 'Ivory Crisp' have lower tuber reducing sugars and acrylamide-forming potential. Adoption of new cultivars by growers requires information about their responses to agronomic factors such as nitrogen (N) fertilizer. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of N rate on yield and quality of new cultivars relative to conventional cultivars 'Russet Burbank' and 'Snowden'. The experiment was conducted over two years as a randomized complete block design replicated four times with five N rates and five cultivars. The new cultivars had comparable or higher marketable yields, and a higher percentage of large tubers (greater than170 g) than the standard cultivars. Total and marketable yields responded quadratically to N and optimized at 231 kg ha in 2011 and 319 kg ha in 2012 for all cultivars. 'Dakota Trailblazer' had high hollow heart incidence (greater than 10% at N rates above 125 kg ha), and excessively high specific gravity, making it undesirable for processing but with potential to be a parent in a breeding program. 'Alpine Russet' and 'Ivory Crisp' had specific gravity suitable for commercial processing, and low hollow heart incidence at all N rates. Critical petiole nitrate-N concentrations 50 and 70 days after planting for all cultivars were greater in 2012 than in 2011, suggesting that interpretation of critical values can be affected by growing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium (K) is a primary macronutrient for overall plant growth, yield potential, product quality and stress resistance of crops. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops require a high amount of potassium to achieve the ideal yield and quality. Therefore, the determination of optimum K rate and efficient source for potato is necessary because K affects crop physiological processes, dry matter production, cooking, and processing requirements. Through modeling on the pooled data extracted from 62 studies, the highest tuber yields might be obtained at an exchangeable soil K level of 200 mg kg−1 approximately, dependent on soil pH, texture, and organic matter. Through modeling on the data of 48 studies, it also revealed that application of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) and potassium chloride (KCl) at rates of 200 kg ha−1 and potassium nitrate (KNO3) at a rate of 100 kg ha−1 might achieve the ideal yield, implying the importance of K sources in potato production. However, these values (either soil exchangeable K content, or fertilizer rates) might not be applicable in a specific growing environment for a specific potato variety. It seems that there is no discrimination among split, pre-plant or in-season application of K, although pre-plant fertilization might be a trustworthy strategy for economic tuber yield. Owing to the luxury consumption of K by potato crop, a combination of factors, including soil exchangeable K level, petiole K concentration, crop removal amount, soil conditions, management practices, climatic conditions, and potato variety, should be considered in order to make rational K fertilizer recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently released potato cultivars Dakota Russet and Easton were bred for low reducing sugars, and low acrylamide-forming potential in French fries. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the effects of nitrogen rate and storage time on tuber glucose concentrations in different cultivars; (2) the relationships between acrylamide, glucose, and asparagine for the new cultivars and Russet Burbank. The study was conducted at Becker, Minnesota over a period of two years on a loamy sand soil under irrigated conditions. All cultivars were subjected to five N rates from 135 to 404 kg ha−1 in a randomized complete block design. Following harvest, tubers were stored at 7.8 °C and sampled at 0, 16, and 32 weeks. Dakota Russet and Easton had significantly lower concentrations of stem- and bud-end glucose, asparagine, and acrylamide than those of Russet Burbank in both years. The effect of storage time on glucose concentration was significant but differed with cultivar and year. N rate effects on stem- and bud-end glucose concentrations were cultivar and storage time dependent. After 16 weeks of storage, both asparagine and acrylamide concentrations linearly increased with increasing N rate. Glucose concentration was positively correlated with acrylamide concentration (r2 = 0.61). Asparagine concentration was also positively correlated with acrylamide concentration (r2 = 0.45) when the asparagine:glucose ratio was <1.306. The correlation between fry color and stem-end glucose concentration was significant over three cultivars in both years, but stronger in a growing season with minimal environmental stress. Taken together, these results suggest that while acrylamide formation during potato processing is a complex process affected by agronomic practices, environmental conditions during the growing season, and storage conditions, cultivar selection may be the most reliable method to minimize acrylamide in fried products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable resource that will become an economic limiting factor for food production in the future. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a relatively shallow rooted crop and often responds positively to P fertilizer even in soils with high soil-test P. Therefore, high-rate P fertilizers are commonly applied to produce high tuber yields in commercial potato fields. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of P rate, cultivar, and soil fumigation on potato yield, quality, P uptake, P use efficiency and economic returns under high soil test P conditions. A field study with a split-plot randomized complete block design was conducted in 2021 and 2022, with fumigation treatments (no fumigant or fall-applied metam sodium) being the main plots and cultivars (Ivory Russet or Russet Burbank) as subplots. Each subplot was further divided into five sub-subplots with different P rates: 0, 37, 73, 147 and 220 kg P ha-1. The results indicated that Russet Burbank produced higher total yield than Ivory Russet. Fumigation significantly increased tuber yield and dry matter percentage. Both cultivars responded to P application and tuber P uptake increased with P rate even under very high soil test P conditions. Both partial factor productivity (PFP) and P recovery efficiency (PRE) were very low and significantly decreased with the P rate. Russet Burbank had higher PFP and PRE than Ivory Russet, and fumigated plots had significantly higher PRE than non-fumigated plots. The tuber yield output and net revenue of Russet Burbank was higher than Ivory Russet, and the highest economic return was obtained in fumigated plots at 147 kg P ha-1. These results suggest that cultivar selection and control of soil-borne diseases should be considered to optimize P input, tuber yield, and to conserve P resources. [Display omitted] • Tuber yield of Russet Burbank was higher than Ivory Russet due to higher tuber set. • Fumigation significantly increased tuber yield and its response to P application. • Potato P use efficiency was very low, especially when high P rates were applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple critical N dilution curves [CNDCs] have been previously developed for potato; however, attempts to directly compare differences in CNDCs across genotype [G], environment [E], and management [M] interactions have been confounded by non-uniform statistical methods, biased experimental data, and lack of proper quantification of uncertainty in the critical N concentration [%N c ]. This study implements a partially-pooled Bayesian hierarchical method to develop CNDCs for previously published and newly reported experimental data, systematically evaluates the difference in %N c [∆%N c ] across G × E × M effects, and directly compare CNDCs from the Bayesian framework to CNDCs from conventional statistical methods. The partially-pooled Bayesian hierarchical method implemented in this study has the advantage of being less susceptible to inferential bias at the level of individual G × E × M interactions compared to alternative statistical methods that result from insufficient quantity and quality of experimental datasets (e.g., unbalanced distribution of N limiting and non-N limiting observations). This method also allows for a direct statistical comparison of differences in %N c across levels of the G × E × M interactions. Where found to be significant, ∆%N c was hypothesized to be related to variation in the timing of tuber initiation (e.g., maturity class) and the relative rate of tuber bulking (e.g., planting density) across G x E × M interactions. In addition to using the median value for %N c (i.e., CNDC), the lower and upper boundary values for the credible region (i.e., CNDC lo and CNDC up) derived using the Bayesian framework should be used in calculation of N nutrition index (and other calculations) to account for uncertainty in %N c. Overall, this study provides additional evidence that%N c is dependent upon G × E × M interactions; therefore, evaluation of crop N status or N use efficiency must account for variation in %N c across G × E × M interactions. • Critical N dilution curves [CNDCs] for potato are subject to G x E x M effects. • Bayesian methods can quantify uncertainty in critical N concentration [%N c ]. • Partial pooling Bayesian method enables direct comparison of G x E x M effects. • Variation in %N c for potato due to tuber initiation timing and tuber bulking rate. • N use efficiency and N nutrition index depend on %N c variability and uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]