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Copyright of Trashumante. Revista Americana de Historia Social is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to analyze the processes of class formation and workers’ organization in the cities of Rosario and Santa Fe, Argentina, between 1870 and the first decade of the twentieth century. An analytical perspective of local-regional and comparative history was chosen, seeking to observe how these processes operated between both cities beyond the links with the Federal Capital, paying attention to the ideological current that hegemonized the working-class world at that time, anarchism, as well as the workers’ federations. A heuristic analysis and the triangulation of workers’ sources with official documents were carried out and, through the comparative method, an attempt is made to account for the close links and repertoires of collective action shared and used by the workers in their process of union organization, showing the regional organizational capacity beyond the links with Buenos Aires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the result of research whose objective was to investigate the genesis of Library Parks as an expression of political and architectural discourse in Colombia. For this purpose, a methodology based on a comparative historiography of the phenomenon of libraries and educational buildings built in public parks as a government policy at the beginning of the 20th century, and later, in the interstice between the 20th and 21st centuries, is proposed. The conclusions show that, contrary to the general perception, the library park model is not an ex novo phenomenon of the contemporary world. In this sense, the results evidence not only the identification of a set of antecedent projects of this phenomenon, built between 1932 and 1940, but also a set of existing correlations between political and architectural discourses, as a predetermining reflection of a system of thought that gave rise to the library park model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A transformative military occupation aimed at the radical ideological change of an occupied country must exercise cultural control. The occupiers must complement repression with propaganda and censorship to create new narratives and prohibit those deemed undesirable. Do transformative military occupations carried out by dictatorships and liberal democracies differ in the way in which they handle information control? I argue that the mechanisms of cultural control used by the Third Reich in France (1940-1942) and by the United States in Germany (1945-1949), shared significant similarities in spite of the fact that their respective agendas were inspired by opposite ideological tenets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historiography throughout the nineteenth century was influenced by the two paradigms of Leopold von Ranke's "narrative" and Auguste Comte's "positivism." From his birth, Comte's sociology took the path of separation from history. Marx, Weber, and Durkheim descended from the ivory tower of positivism and began the first convergent steps by questioning history. Marc Bloch pioneered this convergence, and his efforts and those of anal historians at the beginning of the twentieth century had a clear impact on the formation of new knowledge of historical sociology. This contemporary knowledge is not well-known and the dialogue of sociologists and historians, according to Fernand Braudel, remained the conversation of the deaf. On the other hand, the excitement of some historians in turning to sociological theories and their misuse caused them to distance themselves from the principles of historiography. The main question of this research is: What are the components of Mark Bloch's methodology in historiography? How can this methodology be used by historians? The findings of this study show: 1- "Critique of narrative-oriented historiography and influenced by positivism", 2- "Extensive but conditional receipt of other knowledge" and 3- Presenting a "comparative history" forms the main components of Bloch's approach, which historians can present a more scientific and humane history by being aware of these components and examples of Bloch's research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Procesos: Revista Ecuatoriana de Historia is the property of Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mare Nostrum is the property of Revista Mare Nostrum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Born in Italy at the beginning of the 1920s, the concept of totalitarianism experienced an uninterrupted succession of metamorphoses and changes throughout the twentieth century, until its last rebirth after September 11, 2001, when it was remobilized in the struggle against Islamic terrorism. It is an astonishingly plastic, resilient, and inevitably ambiguous concept, insofar as it merges both politics and scholarship, and belongs, with a different meaning, to almost all currents of thought. Born in the political struggle, it shifted successfully to political theory in which, beyond their discrepancies, most of its interpreters defined it as a new form of power that exceeds the classical categories of political theory running from Aristotle to Max Weber-despotism, tyranny, dictatorship-and grounded in a combination of ideology and terror. The migration of this concept to the field of historical studies, however, was much more controversial. Useful in defining the nature and forms of political regimes, and eventually to establish their typology, 'totalitarianism' becomes a problematic, limited, not to say useless concept for analyzing their origins, developments, and fall. On the one hand, it favors a selective historical comparison between different political regimes; on the other hand, it simply juxtaposes them, stressing some analogies but neglecting other fundamental dimensions of historical investigation (origins, duration, ideologies, and social basis). This article is a plea for critical use of this category, which implies both a rejection of its recurrent ideological uses and its integration with the achievements of social and cultural history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the humanities and the sciences have a closely connected history, there are no general histories that bring the two fields together on an equal footing. This paper argues that there is a level at which some humanistic and scientific disciplines can be brought under a common denominator and compared. This is at the level of underlying methods, especially at the level of formalisms and rule systems used by different disciplines. The essay formally compares linguistics and computer science by noting that the same grammar formalism was used in the 1950s for describing both human and programming languages. Additionally, it examines the influence of philology on molecular biology, and vice versa, by recognizing that the tree-formalism and rule system used for text reconstruction was also employed in DNA genetics. It also shows that rule systems for source criticism in history are used in forensic science, evidence-based medicine, and jurisprudence. This paper thus opens up a new comparative approach within which the histories of the humanities and the sciences can be examined on a common level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“The quality of mercy is not strain’d, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven”. This quotation from William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice was still used in the 1950s as the motto of the Boston Juvenile Court. It tended to replace the traditional repressive function of the Law by an ideological function expressed by Love. The ideology of compassion and child’s interest, modernized and more or less dechristianized, ensured the smooth running of juvenile courts; it was combined with a certain dose of violence varying from one country to another. While comparative history has been supplemented for several years by studies on Europe and Canada, almost nothing exists on the relationship between France and the United States. Thanks to newly discovered court records, it is possible to address the history of this novel form of justice, which was defined as “neohumanist” by the French juvenile judge Jean Chazal in 1952, and which achieved worldwide success in the twentieth century. Given the magnitude of the task, the focus will be on the comparison of two dynamic and pioneering juvenile courts, Boston and Paris, during the 1940s and 1950s. The article will successively analyze legal frameworks, populations targeted and judges’ decisions, indicative of new ways of thinking and of controlling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia y Politica: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales is the property of Departamento De Historia del Pensamiento y de los Moviemientos Sociales y Politicos (Madrid) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a report on a conference on the history of the Federal Republic of Germany in comparative perspective, organized by historians Sonja Levsen and Cornelius Torp and held in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, from February 20-22, 2014. Topics of discussion included industrial relations, social segregation and poverty, and human rights in foreign policy. Countries of comparison included the United States, Great Britain, and France.

Copyright of Trabajos y Comunicaciones is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the comparative history and historiography of the 20th century, with reference to Marxism and Marxist political and historical thought, with a focus on a comparison between Turkey, Greece, and Italy. Topics discussed include the concept of the influence of localization on the development of variants in Marxist thought and historiography, Marxism as political project, and the influence of nationalism on Marxist historiography in Turkey, Greece, and Italy during the 20th century.

The purpose is to analyze migration processes that have occurred in two neighboring states, pointing out the characteristics acquired in each of them, especially regarding their origin and type of labor relations they have produced. Therefore, the migration as the thematic axis and following the guidelines of comparative history, it is shown that both in California and in Baja California, migration flows have played a fundamental role. The comparative approach also leads to the search for similarities and differences represented in different moments, such as the impact of Prohibition', the Great Depression and two World Wars, or specific phenomena as the arrival of the railroad. But above all, the common thread is migration with its two key issues mentioned above, the origin of migration flows and labor relations that they have generated in the two Californias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a conference on the comparative social history of Italy and West Germany in the second half of the twentieth century, held in Como, Italy, from November 6-9, 2011. Topics of discussion included the applicability of the term postmodernism to the history of this time period, trends toward greater individualization in society, and secularization.

This article explores the responses of German diplomats to the two central instances of political upheaval in pre-1945 German history, the November Revolution of 1918–19 and the establishment and consolidation of the ‘Third Reich’ in 1933–4 from a comparative historical angle. Based on the examination of contemporary records and the autobiographical writings of a cross-section of high-ranking diplomats, it substantiates and empathically illustrates the actual meaning of conservative behaviour and sensibilities in the face of radical change. It thereby explores the effect of the sudden arrival of discontinuity and rupture in otherwise rather continuous lives and accordingly points to the presumed tension between abstract historical development and the subjective nature of human agency. In line with more recent developments in the history of international relations, the subsequent assessment has to be seen an attempt to prosopographically probe into the mentality, the habitus, and the ideological disposition of German diplomats in the first half of the twentieth century. In doing so, this article directly contributes to current political debates in Germany about the history of the German foreign ministry, the Auswärtiges Amt, in the Third Reich. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article gives an overview of extant research and scholarship on the role of the Catholic Church during the military dictatorships in Argentina, from 1976-1983, and Chile, from 1973-1990. It first discusses the historiography separately for both countries, then compares and contrasts them, focusing on the political activity of priests. Problems historians and other researchers face with access to archival sources are also addressed, as is the influence of personal and collective memories of traumatic events on the societies in the transition to democracy.

The article focuses on the politics of comparative history with attention paid to the decolonization of Algeria. Topics include sanctification of a nation-state model in the post-1945 liberation of Asian and African peoples, the Algerian Revolution, and the post-1989 collapse of socialist states. Comparativist historical methodology, philosopher Etienne Balibar, and Algeria as part of the French Republic are also discussed.