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In this study, selenium nanoparticles will be produced with Clitoria ternatea and Zingiber officinale, and their efficacy as a natural anti-cariogenic agent will be assessed. To do this, a variety of analysis and evaluation techniques have been used, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy to characterize the synthesized selenium nanoparticles that has absorption band at 440 nm. XRD of the Se nanoparticle were analysed and were found to be crystalline in nature with particles size of 36 nm. SEM images confirmed that Se nanoparticles were flaky structured. The antibacterial activity test to assess the selenium nanoparticles activity against dental caries causing bacteria and the zone of inhibition of the nanoparticles were found. Cytoplasmic leakage assay was done to govern the range of damage instigated by the synthesized selenium nanoparticles to bacterial cell membranes and time kill curve assay represents the time taken by the synthesized selenium nanoparticles to kill the cariogenic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of environmental materials such as plant extract for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offers numerous benefits of eco-friendliness and compatibility for pharmaceutical and other biomedical Applications. In this study, we used Momordica charantia leaf extract as a reducing agent for the synthesis of AgNPs. Characterization of the AgNPs was done by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, TEM and EDX. Furthermore, we established the in vitro anticancer efficacy of these nanoparticles against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using MTT assay, nuclear morphology testing, and staining. In addition to the above, the anti-bacterial effect was also tested against a range of bacterial isolates using well-diffusion method. These AgNPs also demonstrated impressive results when tested for their free-radical scavenging efficiency on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, indicating future potential for their use in medicine. These findings indicated the possible applicability of biosynthesized AgNPs derived from Momordica charantia L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, different physical and chemical methods are being used for the synthesis of nanomaterials, which has associated critical issues like environmental toxicity and cost-effectiveness. This requires to be addressed by adopting an alternate approach. This article reports the synthesis and characterisation of undoped and Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles for antibacterial applications. The nanoparticles were synthesised via a green synthesis approach using leaf extracts of three different plants, namely, Azadirachta indica, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Ocimum tenuiflorum. The biosynthesised ZnO:Ag nanoparticles were characterised by XRD, TEM, FESEM, UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR and DSC-TGA. The antibacterial activity of the synthesised samples was tested against Enterococcus hirae (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria at 100 µl (0.5 mg/mL) concentrations using the disc diffusion method. Comparatively, ZnO:Ag nanoparticles have shown enhanced antibacterial activity against both E. coli and E. hirae with respect to pure ZnO nanoparticles, which were found to be better than commercial antibiotic kanamycin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]