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Carbonization of magnetic polymer microspheres is one of the methods for the preparation of magnetic carbon materials. Fe3O4magnetic particle characteristics considerably influence the magnetic content and size distribution of magnetic polymer microspheres. The characteristics of Fe3O4nanoparticles modified by oleic acid (OA) and undecylenic acid (UA) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic laser light scattering, thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry, vibrating sample magnetometer, and water contact angle. Fe3O4nanoparticles modified by OA and UA are nearly spherical and exhibit superparamagnetism. Fe3O4particle size and saturation magnetization are slightly influenced by the OA and UA composition. OA and UA both are chemically adsorbed onto Fe3O4as bidentate chelates. OA shows easier adsorption onto Fe3O4than UA. OA groups have an expanded arrangement on OA@Fe3O4, whereas UA groups have a condensed arrangement on UA@Fe3O4. Particle lipophilicity decreases and particle clustering increases with decreasing OA content and increasing UA content on OA-UA@Fe3O4nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]