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The aim of the contribution is to examine the impact of employment policy instruments on the development of unemployment and employment in Slovakia and in selected EU countries, as well as the definition of employment policy instruments, suitable for application in SR. We are focused on explaining various interpretations and opinions on the origins, consequences and possibilities of eliminating the negative phenomena associated with unemployment. Attention is also paid to the mapping of the most important historical and political concepts of the perception of the labor market, employment and unemployment. In the paper, we are focusing on defining the object of our research and defining the methods we use. In addition to basic methods used in scientific works, such as economic analysis, the logical-historical approach also uses basic statistical methods. To assess the effectiveness of the employment policy instruments, a key is to exame the impact of employment policy instruments on employment and unemployment indicators. We first deal with the impacts of tools on selected indicators from a logical-historical approach, a theoretical analysis, as well as an analysis of the fulfillment of the set goals. Later, based on the use of statistical methods, we describe the impact of selected employment policy instruments on employment and unemployment indicators in selected countries. In the final part of the paper, we summarize the the results and facts. The results of the analysis about the impact of the employment policy instruments lead to the conclusion that the amount of funds allocated to active labor market measures successfully affects employment and unemployment indicators, but not all countries are also meeting the goals of the Europe 2020 economic strategy. At the same time, not all employment policy instruments are effective in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of young people into labour market is one of the biggest problems of the European Union member states labor markets. Young people are more often unemployed than older workers, they also are frequently employed in insecure temporary jobs or/and the jobs within the secondary labor market with lower wages and a lower level of social security. This integration of young people into the labor market became a significant agenda for EU member states. Unemployment among young people under 25 years in Slovakia belongs to one of the highest ones among the EU28 countries. One of the basic socio-demographic peculiarities of the young population aged between 15 and 24, respectively between 15 and 29 years, is the fact that the age range is associated with the end of school education (ie. the completion of a certain degree of educational attainment) and entering the labor market. Future career trajectory of young people depends on a successful mastering the transition from education system to the labor market. Labor market's ability to absorb increases in the labor force is also dependent on an extent of total and youth unemployment. Under conditions of high unemployment rate, the chances to find a first job among young people have declined due to strong competitive pressure from employers, who are preferring workforce that has practical skills and professional experience. According to OECD, if young people face the unemployment immediately after completing their preparation for professional life, it may result in so-called "scarecrow" effect of unemployment e.g. increased inclination towards unemployment also in the future. The graduate unemployment in the Slovak Republic is marked by a typical strong cyclical nature, which is characterized by a period / periods of massive influx of unemployed individuals after leaving the education system, and by a subsequent period of gradual integration into the workforce. This also applies to the unemployment of university graduates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unemployment is a natural consequence of the development of market economies associated with the globalization of the world economy based on free choice and democracy, which is coupled with the need for labor mobility. It also reflects the cyclical development of the economy, but may grow into uncontrollable dimensions, which is reflected not only in economic but also in social consequences. Slovak economy, as well as other European Countries, was affected by the financial and economic crisis, not only by increasing unemployment, a loss of performance but also by a decrease of capability to create new jobs. Defining demand at a national level is problematic in terms of the total volume of the structure, as to the performance of transnational corporations. Reviving of unemployment can not only be assessed at the national level, but an important aspect affecting national labor market is the revival of global economy, which leads to the growth of the global labor needs. Currently, the focus of new jobs is shifting from partial professions towards cross-cutting and systemic professions, which must give a comprehensive response to developments in a particular industry. Slovakia is a small market economy significantly tied to major European economies, dominated by linkage to the German economy. Due to the high openness of the economy, the crisis has significantly affected the rate of growth of country's performance and caused a drop in demand and a decrease in both production and unemployment. High unemployment rate in this period was related to revenue shortfalls in the state budget and deepening of the budget deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]