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This article focuses on the results of published research into China's urban planning history since 2011. A total of 1,057 articles were selected, including 198 theses, 465 journal papers, and 394 conference papers. It provides quantitative statistics and analysis of the literature, using CiteSpace to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the data. Based on quantitative analysis and supported by the literature, this paper qualitatively concludes and summarizes the research hotspots and evolution of Chinese urban planning history from five dimensions: planning practice, system construction, thought and theory, figures, and discipline. The achievements delve into the exploration of motivations and mechanisms, planning ideology, methodology, practice subjects, and preparation process based on a staged review of the historical process of practice and a summary of its characteristics, which shows a process from partial to holistic and fragmented to systematic in general terms, contributing to the formation of a complete planning history research system. A comprehensive analysis of quantitative statistics, knowledge mapping of literature, and important research content reveals the characteristics of research into the history of Chinese urban planning over the past decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Transition from "separation of two rights" to "separation of three rights" in Chinese homestead was reviewed. • There is pronounced synergy between the number of published academic papers and policies. • Typical cases for the separation of three rights need to be conducted in combination with the latest reform strategies. • It needs to build a research framework based on a comprehensive perspective. Rural to urban migration under China's rapid urbanization has created inefficient use of rural homestead land. To address these issues, there is increasing interest in rural homestead system reform in China. Although several reforms have been implemented in pilot areas, reviews of the related accumulated literature are rare. The objectives of this study are the following: (i) to discuss the research transition from the "separation of two rights" to the "separation of three rights" in homestead management and (ii) draw conclusions on current research conditions, hot topics, and trends. This study provides a reference for further and deeper rural homestead system reform in China and regions worldwide. We collected and sorted 640 research papers on the topic of the separation of three rights in homestead (hereinafter referred to as STRH) or the homestead land use rights from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and used CiteSpace and VOSviewer to visualize and map knowledge domains. The results show that: (1) From the study of the homestead land use rights to the study of the STRH, there is pronounced synergy between national policies and the number of published papers. The STRH has become a popular research field since 2018. (2) Most researchers are experts and scholars engaged in the study of agricultural economics, civil and commercial law, administrative law, or local legal systems. (3) Current and future studies on the STRH are and will be conducted in terms of the definition of concepts and connotations, confirmation of rights and registration, implementation paths, rural homestead system reform, rural revitalization strategy, reform challenges and countermeasures, risk control, and overall planning. (4) The studies on the STRH have integrity, and show characteristics of inheritance between it and studies on the homestead land use rights. (5) Studies on typical cases for the STRH should be conducted in combination with the latest strategic requirements such as rural land system reform, rural revitalization strategy, and integrated urban and rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, in recent years it has become a prevailing trend to promote the spatial maturity and high-quality transformation of new towns, yet there are few quantitative methods to evaluate their urban morphological maturity. From the perspective of quantitative urban morphology, this paper integrates street view data and cutting-edge analytical techniques into classic urban morphological study and develops a quantitative index for evaluating urban morphological maturity that fits Chinese cities by adjusting the indicators in line with the unique characteristics of the built environment of Chinese cities. Focusing on five new towns, as well as a historic area, of Shanghai, the paper evaluates their urban morphological maturity with this quantitative index and verifies its validity by comparing the evaluation result with that of expert consensus. It then proposes some design guidelines that may provide robust support for the regeneration of these new towns. Given its reliance on the multi-source data of open access and ready availability, this index holds promise for evaluating the urban morphological maturity of other new towns, to provide support for urban form improvement from both holistic and detailed perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the digital city, data and data analysis have become more and more important. The database is the foundation of data analysis. In this paper, the software system of the urban land planning database of Shanghai in China is developed based on MySQL. The conceptual model of the urban land planning database is proposed, and the entities, attributes and connections of this model are discussed. Then the E-R conceptual model is transformed into a logical structure, which is supported by the relational database management system (DBMS). Based on the conceptual and logical structures, by using SpringBoot as the back-end framework and using MySQL and Java API as the development tools, a platform with data management, information sharing, map assistance and other functions is established. The functional modules in this platform are designed. The results of JMeter test show that the DBMS can add, store and retrieve information data stably, and it has the advantages of fast response and low error rate. The software system of the urban land planning database developed in this paper can improve the efficiency of storing and managing land data, eliminating redundant data and sharing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's increasingly complex stock era, resilient community planning for uncertainty risks is important for building resilient cities and communities and for realizing the refinement, process, and systematization of planning. Therefore, this paper proposes the concept of community planning resilience based on resilience theory and explores a framework system for evaluating the planning resilience of renewal and transformation community by taking renewal and transformation future community planning of Zhejiang as the research object. At the same time, the technical path of realizing public participation in community planning is explored through the method, mechanism, and technical platform of fuzzy group decision-making. Finally, the feasibility of the aforementioned framework and approach is experimentally explored and verified based on a typical case of renewal and renovation of future community planning. In order to make community regeneration planning more planning resilient, this paper develops a community planning group decision-making study from the perspective of community planning resilience, which provides a new research perspective for the field of community resilience and provides a reference for community planning evaluation and the construction of resilient communities. Practical Applications: In China's advancing urbanization, major cities are grappling with diverse risks, necessitating urban planning and governance with heightened resilience to face unforeseen black swan events and foreseeable gray rhinoceros challenges. This urgency is particularly pronounced in community renewal, prompting a vital shift from rigid to resilient planning methodologies. To address this shift, this paper advocates for resilient community construction to be a focal point in both policy and practical implementation of community regeneration. A novel approach utilizing the fuzzy decision-making method is proposed to establish a comprehensive resilient community renewal decision-making technology support system. This system employs a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, integrating an empowerment approach to simplify the complexities of a multicriteria index system. By mitigating the risks inherent in resilience planning, our approach enhances the scientific foundation and feasibility of decision-making in community renewal. A case study on the Future Community in Zhejiang Province validates the effectiveness of our approach, providing practical insights for constructing resilient community renewal models and system technology platforms. This research contributes to the ongoing exploration of strategies and technologies capable of addressing diverse challenges in urban development, providing references in enhancing urban resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In the post-pandemic era urban ecosystem planning has become critically important. Given the emphasis on relevant issues concerning the complex interactions between human civilizations and natural systems within urban environments in the new normal, this article aims to enrich the field of knowledge management developing a cross-cultural analysis for clarifying the role of knowledge in planning and urban ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is conceptual in nature. Based on a theoretical foundation built by a critical literature review and data from the China Statistical Yearbook and China's National Bureau of Statistics, this paper introduces some emerging real-impact topics regarding the connections between humanistic knowledge and urban planning. A comparative analysis between the capital city of Chang'an in the Tang dynasty of China and the capital city of Athens in Ancient Greek was used for explaining the influence of knowledge on successful urban planning. Findings: The understanding the role of cross-cultural differences in knowledge management and practices for urban ecosystems offer the opportunities for rethinking consolidated approach to the interaction among social, economic, and environmental dimensions in urban settings. Originality/value: This paper implies a new inter-disciplinary research field of great interest for the real impact KM community by illuminating how knowledge management is central in urban planning and across cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrinking cities suffer from a decreased level of resident activities. As a result, areas with low levels of resident activities may become breeding grounds for social issues. To ease and prevent social issues, it is important to deploy physical space optimisation strategies to effectively guide the distribution of resident activities in shrinking cities. To support the development of such spatial strategies, this paper introduces machine learning-based methods for analysing the nuanced non-linear relationship between resident activities and physical space in shrinking cities. Utilising dual-scale grids, this study calculates multi-source spatial elements, which are subsequently integrated with resident activity data to construct a gradient boosting decision tree model. It then analyses the weight of different spatial elements' impacts on resident activities and their nonlinear relationships. The model proposed in this study demonstrates good precision in construing the relationship between resident activities and physical space. Based on the research findings, strategies for different types of spatial development in shrinking cities are drawn out. This paper advocates for the application of this analytical approach before conducting spatial planning in shrinking cities to maximise the effectiveness of spatial development in guiding resident activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With China's urbanization entering a stage of high-quality development, refined urban governance has become an important part in the modernization of governance capacity, in which urban design plays a major role. This paper briefly reviews the background of urban design digitalization and discusses the issues that need to be addressed in digital management and control of urban design in China. On this basis, the paper summarizes the practice of digital management and control of urban design in Zhuhai in three aspects: building a rule base for digital management and control, developing a 3D quantitative analysis method for urban space from the macro, meso, and micro perspectives, and establishing a digital urban design management platform and storing 2D and 3D urban design schemes in the database according to unified standards, so as to realize the standardized management, intelligent review, and scientific decision-making of urban design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews a large number of scholarly articles in the housing field spanning the last thirty years, from 1993 to 2022 by implementing bibliometric analysis method. We examine scientific outputs, identify influential articles, journals, international collaboration and evolution of research trends. Keywords such as "Housing price," "Housing policy," "Affordable housing," "Homeownership," "Housing market," "Urban planning," and "Neighborhood" have been identified as the most prevalently cited terms during this period. Furthermore, the prominence of terms such as "China," "Gentrification," "Public housing," "Social housing," "Homelessness," "Migration," "Urbanization," "Energy," "Inequality," "Land use," "Gender," and "Foreclosure" have grown in importance, pointing to future research trends. The analysis also reveals that articles pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic predominantly address the comprehensive effects of the virus on aspects of mental and physical health, consumer behavior, and economic and societal challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the spatial coupling relationship and interaction mechanism between green urbanization (GU) and tourism competitiveness (TC) is of great significance for promoting urban sustainable development. However, the lack of research on the interaction mechanism between GU and TC limits the formulation of effective environmental management policy and urban planning. Taking 734 counties in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) as the study area, this paper analyzes the spatial coupling relationship between GU and TC on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of GU and TC. Then, the interactive mechanism between GU and TC is systematically discussed, and the synergistic development strategy of the two is proposed. The results show that the GU level presents a multicore circle structure, with provincial capitals, prefecture-level urban districts and economically developed counties in east-central regions as high-value centers. The TC at county scale presents a multi-center spatial structure. Additionally, there is a significant positive spatial coupling between GU and TC in the YRB. The analysis further reveals that green urbanization level, social progress, population development, infrastructure construction, economic development quality, and eco-environmental protection has a observably influence on TC. Tourism competitiveness, service competitiveness, location competitiveness, resource competitiveness, market competitiveness, environmental influence, and talent competitiveness has a observably influence on GU. TC can promote GU, and the improvement of green urbanization level can support the development of tourism competitiveness. According to the spatial zoning method, 734 counties are divided into 6 categories, and the coordinated development strategy of GU and TC for each type of district is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve the goals of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", this paper puts forward the connotation and measurement method for the carbon emission intensity of urban industrial land and conducts an empirical study with the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) as an example. We defined the carbon intensity of urban industrial land as the industrial carbon emissions per unit area of land, which is a spatial mapping of urban industrial economic development and carbon spillover and a key indicator for urban and territorial spatial planning oriented towards the "dual carbon" goal. Findings: The carbon emission density of industrial land in the YREB varied greatly between cities and exhibited significant positive spatial autocorrelation. In addition, the geographical pattern and spatio-temporal evolution model of the urban industrial land carbon emission density had a very complex driving mechanism, and different factors had significant synergistic effects. Therefore, it is suggested that while striving towards the goal of "dual carbon", the government should incorporate the carbon emission density indicator of urban industrial land into the urban and territorial spatial planning system, and based on the threshold of the medium suitable density, they should design differentiated management policies according to concrete urban policies and encourage cooperation among cities to jointly promote carbon emission management of urban industrial land. In policy design, emphasis should also be placed on highlighting the interactive effects of foreign direct investment, fiscal expenditure, and the number of patent authorizations as well as constructing a combination of policies centered around them to better leverage the impacts of globalization, government intervention, and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the development of urban population aging in China, enhancing the quality of community living environments for the elderly has become crucial. Traditional residential planning focused on functionality, neglecting the elderly's active participation and mutual aid needs. This paper proposes the development of urban community environments promoting "living mutual aid" to improve elderly life quality and practice active aging. Using qualitative and quantitative methods, the study identifies key components of mutual aid, explores the relationship between mutual aid behaviors and spatial composition, and outlines strategies for designing community environments that support mutual aid. Based on "active aging" theory, the study qualitatively summarizes the concept of mutual aid among the elderly through literature and policy analysis. Surveys, interviews, and observations in Xi'an's typical communities were conducted, with results analyzed using factor and frequency analysis. The study categorizes mutual aid activities and behavior characteristics, and explores the relationship between behavior and spatial needs using environmental behavior theory. It identifies mutual aid space units and suggests types, paths, strategies, and methods for integrating these units into community environments. The findings provide scientific guidance for urban community planning and valuable references for creating elderly-friendly urban habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "City in a Park" (CIP) is a new concept of urban transformation and development proposed in China in recent years, guiding the construction of healthy and sustainable living environments. This paper analyzes urban planning based on the CIP concept from a synergetic perspective, aiming to explore how the integrated planning of ecological spaces and built environments can promote systematic sustainable development in ecology, economy, and society. This research employs methods including document collection, unstructured interviews, field observations, and participatory observation, focusing on a case study of the Sichuan Tianfu New Area (STNA), a demonstration zone for the CIP. The study finds that the planning of the STNA extends the planning scope of urban ecological spaces beyond the traditional urban construction boundaries, not only preserving the natural resources but also enhancing the city's overall sustainability through regional ecological services. By designing ecological spaces as green infrastructure that connects urban and rural areas, the primary sector is more readily integrated with the secondary and tertiary sectors, facilitating the integration of the urban and rural infrastructure and industries. The STNA integrates urban and rural administrative divisions, builds a cross-departmental collaborative management platform, and guides public participation in the planning process, ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness of planning implementation and enhancing the equitable sharing of social services. This research provides new insights into comprehensive, cross-disciplinary, and ecology-oriented urban planning. It offers evidence for an understanding of the application pathways and effects of the CIP concept in urban planning practice and provides valuable experience for other cities to promote harmonious coexistence between the city and nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well-designed institutional arrangement for urban village redevelopment projects (UVRPs) must consider transaction costs, but academic papers discussing it from the perspective of transaction cost economics are lacking. This paper applies theory of transaction cost economics to analyse the types and sizes of transaction costs and who bears these costs during redevelopment when implementing UVRPs in China. This paper finds that transactions in UVRPs have high asset specificity, high uncertainty and low frequency, which easily results in high levels of transaction costs. Based on 439 UVRPs collected from seven cities, this paper finds that UVRPs implemented with top–down institutional arrangements remain prevalent in China. Based on semi-structured interviews with participating parties, this paper proves that the sizes and types of transaction costs and the distribution of these costs borne by different participating parties vary with the change of stage under dissimilar institutional arrangements. This implies that a high level of transaction costs at one stage does not necessarily mean the costs stay high at another stage. Transaction costs have essential implications for process efficiency, so policymakers need to consider transaction costs and use hybrid institutional arrangements to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features of a street environment play an essential role in human behavior, but predicting the preferred environment becomes challenging for city planning. This paper takes Gulangyu Island as an example and examines tourists' visual preferences through street view images and a stated preference survey. Based on the findings, planning responses were proposed to provide references for improving tourists' visual perception of the street's environment. The results show that tourists' preferences for the street environment are significantly affected by visual features. From highest to lowest are variety, the green view index, crowdedness, sky openness, and enclosure. The green view index, sky openness, and variety positively affect the visual utility, while crowdedness and enclosure have a negative effect. Among them, variety has the most potent positive effect on visual preference, while crowdedness has the most substantial negative effect. Moreover, there is a balance between green view and enclosure that is affected by green plants, and when the enclosure value is too high, the marginal effect of the green view index will be less effective. Last, the streets with high visual utility have an ideal natural environment, spacious roads, an open sky, and limited architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has become a major public health emergency in the world, which seriously affects the normal operation of cities. Epidemic prevention and control is not only needed in big cities, but also in small and medium-sized cities. In view of this, the paper takes Beian city, China as the research area. This study establishes a street network model through spatial syntax, and predicts the crossing potential and arrival potential of its street network. This will play a reference role for traffic flow control in Beian city. The article uses emerging data. Through GIS spatial analysis method, we identify the hidden danger space of city. Therefore, this summarizes the places where people are easy to gather and some problems of the current situation of the city. The results show that: (1) Beian bridge and Wuyuer street have a good traffic potential. The intersection of Longjiang Road and Beidahuang street and the intersection of Tianyuan North Road and Baocheng road have good accessibility. (2) The intersection of Ping'an Street and Shanghai road is a potential hidden danger space of the city, and the focus of epidemic prevention and control. (3) The coverage rate of urban community medical services to residential land is 58.61%, and the existing medical infrastructure is insufficient. Under public health emergencies, the paper will argue a new development ideas for health and safety small town planning by visualizing the hidden danger space of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban regeneration is a sound, sustainable urban development strategy globally. In China, promoting urban regeneration has become the national sustainable urban strategy. Under the resource constraint, it is necessary to understand what benefits different types of urban regeneration projects can contribute to urban development. Much research has contributed to evaluating the benefits of urban regeneration on the project scale. The systematic investigation of their effects on surrounding economic vitality, especially the comparison between different types of projects, is relatively downplayed. This paper aims to evaluate and compare the effects of urban regeneration projects on surrounding economic vitality by calculating the change in housing prices. Chongqing is selected as the case city. Based on the housing transaction data from 2015 to 2021, a staggered difference-in-difference method is employed to capture the results. The finding shows that the overall effects are significantly negative, especially within a 400–800 m radius. Higher investment or better project location relates to stronger negative effects. Moreover, the differences in effects among the three types of urban regeneration projects are clearly revealed from diverse perspectives. It provides a valuable reference for policymakers and urban planners to make urban regeneration planning better by considering comprehensive benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on regional environmental pollution acknowledge that cross-level government cooperation plays an important role in controlling regional environmental pollution. However, the balance between local fiscal autonomy and governance costs has received little attention. To fill this research gap, this paper argues a model of local fiscal autonomy moderating the efficiency of environmental governance, which provides a basis for studying the effect of local fiscal autonomy on intergovernmental cooperative environmental governance. We collected the data set of the China Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, using Tobit regression model to evaluate the effect of local fiscal autonomy on cooperative arrangements and the moderating effect. The results show that higher local fiscal autonomy will positively affect vertical intervention actions and improve the efficiency of environmental governance. In addition, we found that more special funding for environmental projects will weaken the performance of horizontal cooperation on regional environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite growing recognition of nature-based solutions (NBS), there remains a research gap in understanding their implementation in urban areas, which poses a significant challenge for urban forest development. Therefore, our paper aims to explore the intersection of NBS with urban forests (UF), identify current barriers, propose strategies to maximize the potential of urban forests as nature-based solutions (UF-NBS) in effectively improving the resilience of urban forests, and enhance the service capacity of urban forest ecosystems. To achieve our objective, we conducted a comprehensive analysis that included a bibliometric review to summarize the evolution of the UF-NBS literature and classify UF-NBS types for the first time. Subsequently, we identified and organized current challenges faced by UF-NBS. Additionally, we proposed an original technological framework system for urban forest development based on NBS principles. The results show the significance of UF-NBS for enhancing urban resilience and human wellbeing, with multiple successful implementations in both China and Europe, validating their effectiveness. However, the implementation of UF-NBS faces several challenges, including inadequate financing, the gap between scientific knowledge and practical implementation, the absence of region-specific information, and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. This study contributes to establishing a scientific theoretical basis for integrating UF and NBS and provides a systematic approach for decision-makers in urban forest management. Future research should focus on exploring the integration of UF within the NBS framework and prioritize knowledge sharing, international cooperation, and education initiatives to promote the global adoption of UF-NBS and address pressing urban challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the stock-land exploitation of developed regions in eastern China, the development path in the western regions still relies on land expansion. Among them, Shaanxi stands out as an early-developing region with the highest comprehensive social and economic development level in the west, presenting a more significant and typical phenomenon of urban expansion. This paper utilizes remote sensing image data and socioeconomic statistical data, employing mathematical and statistical analysis methods to examine the types and patterns of urban spatial expansion in Shaanxi over multiple years. It also summarizes the laws of expansion and subsequently delves into the driving factors of the spatial expansion. The result shows that the important driving factors of urban expansion in Shaanxi include natural geographical conditions, the economic development basis, the development of new towns and new areas, the drive of large-scale projects, and the guidance of urban and rural planning. The differences in driving factors between the east and west can be explained by the stages of regional development and the effects of administrative boundaries. This research aims to provide localized insights into the rational regulation of urban spatial evolution and efficient land use in similar regions and latedeveloping regions in western China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caregivers, i.e., parents, grandparents, and anyone caring for children, make up the majority of users in many urban centers around the world, including in China. Yet urban design and planning rarely consider specific needs of caregivers. This can result in a negative perception among people that cities are unfriendly places to raise children. Such negative perception is among the major contributors to the aging population problem, as parents and parents-to-be feel reluctant to give birth and raise more than one or even any children. Using an interdisciplinary approach, i.e., cognitive science, psychology, behavioral economics, and urban studies, this paper examines a new city model of "parent-friendly city," where urban design serves the needs of caregivers, effectively creating a perception that cities are friendly places for raising children. First, we identify that caregivers' needs are characterized by two major factors: (1) provision: parents want to provide for their children, such as providing places for play and learning, and (2) restoration: parents want to restore things that they lack due to childcare responsibilities, such as lack of rest and interaction with other adults. Second, we offer cognitive-based design principles that can work powerfully and effectively to fill both needs. Third, using real case studies from cities in China and around the world, we illustrate how these design principles work, even reversing caregivers' perception from negative to positive. Ultimately, thoughtful urban design can support parents in raising children, making cities into partners in parenthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rapid development of the economy promotes the increasing of interactions between cities and forms complex networks. Many scholars have explored the structural characteristics of urban spatial interaction networks in China and have conducted spatio-temporal analyzes. However, scholars have mainly focused on the perspective of static networks and have not understood the dynamic spatial interaction patterns of Chinese cities. Therefore, this paper proposes a research framework to explore the urban dynamic spatial interaction patterns. Firstly, we establish a dynamic urban spatial interaction network according to monthly migration data. Then, the dynamic community detection algorithm, combined with the Louvain and Jaccard matching method, is used to obtain urban communities and their dynamic events. We construct event vectors for each urban community and use hierarchical clustering to cluster event vectors to obtain different types of spatial interaction patterns. Finally, we divide the urban dynamic interaction into three urban spatial interaction modes: fixed spatial interaction pattern, long-term spatial interaction pattern, and short-term spatial interaction pattern. According to the results, we find that the cities in well-developed areas (eastern China) and under-developed areas (northwestern China) mostly show fixed spatial interaction patterns and long-term spatial interaction patterns, while the cities in moderately developed areas (central and western China) often show short-term spatial interaction patterns. The research results and conclusions of this paper reveal the inter-monthly urban spatial interaction patterns in China, provide theoretical support for the policy making and development planning of urban agglomeration construction, and contribute to the coordinated development of national and regional cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart city policy (SCP) is crucial to addressing climate change and achieving sustainable urban development with low carbon emissions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanisms through which smart city policies have an impact on carbon emission efficiency (CEE). In terms of research methodology, we construct a quasi-natural experiment on smart city policies in China and use the time-varying DID approach to study this issue. The DEA method was used to measure the CEE. For the data sample, panel data from 281 cities in China between 2007 and 2020 was used in this study. The findings are as follows: ① SCP has a significant impact on CEE. This conclusion remains valid after introducing parallel trend tests, placebo tests, and other robustness tests. ② The mechanism test result reveals that SCP has a positive impact on urban CEE through three main channels: promoting industrial upgrading, increasing public environmental attention, and enhancing marketization. ③ The analysis of heterogeneity reveals that the impact of SCP on CEE is noticeable in cities that belong to well-developed economic regions with a lower intensity of environmental regulations, higher levels of green finance, and fewer official changes. This research contributes to the existing literature on the environmental assessment of SCP and offers valuable policy insights for cities to tackle climate change and sustainable urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedestrian evacuation is an important measure to ensure disaster safety in central retail districts, the efficiency of which is affected by the synergy of road network planning indices. This paper established the typical forms of central retail district (CRD) road networks in terms of block form, network structure and road grade, taking China as an example. The experiment was designed using the orthogonal design of experiment (ODOE) method and quantified the evacuation time under different road network planning indices levels through the Anylogic simulation platform. Using range and variance analysis methods, the synergy of network density, network connectivity, road type and road width on pedestrian evacuation efficiency were studied from the perspectives of significance, importance and optimal level. The results showed that the type of CRD will affect the importance of network planning indices, and that the network connectivity is insignificant (P 0.477/0.581) in synergy; networks with wide pedestrian primary roads (30.1~40.0 m), medium secondary roads (3.1~5.0 m/side) and high density (11.0~13.0 km/km2) have the highest evacuation efficiency. From the perspective of evacuees, this paper put forward urban design implications on CRD road networks to improve their capacity for disaster prevention and reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the full integration of digital information technology and financial services, digital finance has developed rapidly. As there are significant differences in the development level of FinTech and traditional financial sectors in different cities, it is important to evaluate the development level of urban digital finance. This study aimed to compile an index of urban digital finance to present an accurate and in-depth depiction of how urban digital finance has developed in China. Our sample covers 278 cities in China, over the period 2010--2020. This paper firstly constructs the urban digital financial index system from the three dimensions of digital financial services, digital financial technology, and digital financial operating environment, and then adopts a combination of subjective and objective methods to measure the urban digital financial index. This paper study revealed that China's urban digital finance has been on an upward trend from 2010 to 2020, and the digital finance operating environment is an important driving force for the growth of the urban digital finance index. The convergence of China's urban digital finance is decreasing, indicating that the gap in digital financial development between cities is increasing. Urban digital finance has positive spatial agglomeration, but this spatial agglomeration is decreasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates urban image-making through the lens of different sets of design control tools and mechanisms in use in the Chinese planning system before 2019. It takes the South Railway Station area of Nanjing, part of a planned new town, as the case study and examines the design and planning of the overall area, a sub-area and two selected building sites. The research offers an understanding of the performative role of urban planning in place promotion with its distinctive Chinese characteristics, which are related to the planning culture and socio-political context of China. The paper identifies a few problems resulting from an image-oriented approach to planning in the case studies. Firstly, planning strategies have stressed grandness as opposed to the human scale and wide spatial qualities. Secondly, the approach has emphasised marketability of urban images rather than the representation of socio-cultural values. The study suggests that place identity catering for the interests of ordinary citizens should be foregrounded in design control in new town development in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The free flow of factors resulting from regional integration affects not only economic and social activities between cities, but also climate and environmental changes. Under the goal of sustainable development, regional integration as a policy pathway to lower carbon intensity has rarely been clarified. In light of this, using panel data of 279 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019, this paper treats city cluster planning as a quasi-natural experiment of regional integration and aims to discuss the impact and mechanism of regional integration on carbon intensity through difference-in-differences (DID) method, mediating effect model and moderating effect model. The following results are reached: (1) The implementation of regional integration policy effectively reduces carbon intensity, and the conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. (2) Total factor productivity (TFP) is the mediator of regional integration to reduce carbon intensity, and population density, technological innovation and industrial upgrading are the moderators. (3) The effect of regional integration in reducing carbon intensity varies from city location and city features. The proposed theoretical framework of regional integration affecting carbon intensity, containing mediator and moderators, not only enriches the theoretical research in the field of environment and region, but also provides a new policy path for exploring sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to build urban agglomerations integrating the concepts of green, low carbon, intensive and efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coexistence of urban expansion and shrinkage in China has become increasingly apparent; therefore, the current strategic model of growth-oriented urban planning as the top-level design needs to be adjusted. This paper focuses on the city of Baishan, which is a typical shrinking city in China, and explores the feasibility of implementing the concept of smart shrinkage planning in shrinking cities in China by constructing a coupled PLUS-SD model. The results demonstrate the following conclusions: (1) The overall simulation of the coupled PLUS-SD model is superior to that of the PLUS model. In Baishan, the areas with the most changes in construction land will be located at the edges of the landforms by 2030. (2) Using the traditional planning scenario would only exacerbate the rate of construction land expansion in Baishan, deepening the incongruity between the city's population and construction land. (3) The smart shrinkage scenario will require strict control of the scale of construction land and optimization of the structure of the urban construction land, which would push the city in the direction of healthy and sustainable development. (4) The concept of smart shrinkage planning is a scientific and feasible plan for realizing the efficient and sustainable use of construction land in shrinking cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the different design standards of urban drainage and water conservancy facilities, numerous coordination and linkage issues arise when confronting extreme rainfall. In this paper, three clustering methods were used to cluster rainfall events, and the results demonstrate that the dynamic time warping-hierarchical clustering algorithm (DTW-HCA) effectively captures the temporal similarity of time series. Then, the Pilgrim and Cordery rainfall distribution method was utilized to extract the characteristics of eight clusters of rainfall events, and eight kinds of rainfall patterns were obtained. Last, after importing the rainfall patterns into the MIKE model of Qingshan Lake to conduct flood simulations, the impacts of different rainfall patterns on municipal systems and water conservancy systems were assessed by the depth and area of urban waterlogging, as well as the water levels and discharge of rivers. Based on this, three rainfall patterns are proposed as a designed rainfall pattern (DRP), an extreme rainfall pattern for urban drainage facilities verification (ERPUDFV) and an extreme rainfall pattern for water conservancy facilities verification (ERPWCFV), which aim to provide a reference basis for designing region-specific extreme rainfall patterns, as well as the verification of urban drainage and water conservancy facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the construction of national innovative cities as a natural experiment of innovation-driven development, based on the panel data of 281 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2016, this paper utilizes the new economic growth model to distinguish the difference in the impacts of independent innovation and technology- introduction innovation on urban TFP. According to the relevant research conclusions, it indicates that innovation- driven can indeed improve urban TFP. Nevertheless, the core of innovation-driven improvement of urban TFP lies in the improvement of the independent innovation ability of innovative cities, rather than the technology-introduction innovation ability. The important policy-related implication of this paper lies in that the further promotion of the construction of national innovative cities requires the implementation of independent innovation-driven development strategies and the improvement of the urban TFP level of economic cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the issuance of the development plans for core metropolitan areas in China, and the acceleration of the construction of suburban railways that expand the urban framework, there is an increasingly urgent demand for the selection of signal system modes for suburban railways. In view of the status and technical specifications of the signal system industry, the main signal system modes selected for suburban railways are CTCS-2+ATO system, CBTC system, etc. Therefore, a sufficient discussion is needed for the selection of and integration between CBTC system for metro lines and CTCS system for national railways. The two systems need to be comprehensively considered in terms of onboard equipment architecture, wayside equipment, system software and hardware, communication protocol, etc. This paper discusses the possibility of integration and interoperability between CTCS-2 and CBTC on the basis of the requirements for the selection of signal system modes for suburban railways. It proposes relevant designs and conducts feasibility analysis for three diff erent schemes, i.e. CTCS-2 and CBTC fully integrated with each other, interoperable with each other and switching between each other. In particular, it performs research and analysis in terms of the interoperability scheme, interfaces, switching area, switching process, etc., and provides detailed schemes, on the basis of the requirements for interoperability. The interoperability scheme is found to be more feasible than the full-integration scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The planning and management of urban green infrastructure (UGI) are at the forefront of global biodiversity conservation. Building an environmental consensus rooted in environmental ethics and values is pivotal to the lasting success of UGI projects. Reflecting the specific classification into ecocentrism–anthropocentrism and Kellert's typologies and the theoretical connections between environmental ethics and ecological civilization, this study upgrades the adapted ecocentric and anthropocentric attitude toward the environment (AEA) scale accordingly to assess environmental attitudes and applies it in a survey of the main stakeholders involved in Zhangjiagang Bay Eco-Park, an ecological restoration project in China included in the UN's sustainable development goals (SDGs) Good Practice list. The paper unveils the diverse hidden value patterns of stakeholders and suggests new measures for sustainable UGI management. The authors argue that the AEA scale adapted and tested in this study connects well with the theories of environmental philosophy and is proven with good reliability, strong explanatory power, and potential value for UGI planning and management. In the policy-driven fields of urban practice, consensus building is one of the most important but, at the same time, most difficult processes to achieve. Without a good understanding of the diverse environmental perspectives of stakeholders, urban planning projects often die prematurely or gradually fade out due to unsustainable implementation or management in the long run. Drawing from the theoretical progress in environmental ethics, the authors adapted an AEA scale with two-tiered subscales that could indicate the general orientation on the spectrum of anthropocentric to ecocentric attitudes and reveal the specific motivations behind behaviors for better practical policy implications. The results of this case study indicate an overall weak-anthropocentric orientation and, more specifically, show the internal value conflicts of local officials and the significance of naturalistic and moralistic perspectives for the public. This study also pinpoints the value and urgency of ongoing environmental education on important ecological issues to enable the public to genuinely embrace the policy of ecological civilization that is currently imposed from the top down. With its strong power to explain value orientation, this AEA scale could be used to facilitate stakeholder participation from the bottom up and a process of crafting and communicating urban planning and management policies while building consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the critical issue of youth suitability in the public primary school campuses in Shenzhen Central District, China. Youths constitute a crucial part of the urban population, contributing greatly to social wealth; thus, considering their needs and well-being is imperative in the urban planning and development process. The paper employs a comprehensive Python script tool, based on ArcGIS, that is augmented with an empirical investigation and data from the statistical yearbook in order to conduct a meticulous evaluation of the youth suitability of primary school campuses. The results of the study reveal spatial differences in the youth suitability of primary school campuses, with the suitability diminishing from the district's inner areas to its outer regions. Additionally, the study unearths that primary school campuses in the Shenzhen Central District are generally stratified, and that the campus service space could be appropriately categorized into several groups based on the dual criteria of accessibility as well as youth suitability. Finally, this study provides illuminating decision-making suggestions for optimizing the youth suitability of primary school campuses in Shenzhen Central District, highlighting the crucial role of education policies, regional economic development, and campus infrastructure improvements in nurturing inclusive, vibrant, and sustainable urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A small amount of campus walkability research has considered facility layout and environmental quality. The aim of this paper is to use a Walk Score and Urban Design Quality to assess campus walkability and investigate the impact of a campus Walk Score, environmental quality and other streetscape features on walking activity. This paper optimizes the Walk Score method based on the frequency, variety, and distance of students' walking to and from public facilities. A total of 157 campus street segments from the Weijin Road Campus of Tianjin University in China were selected to assess campus Walk Scores and environmental quality through the use of GIS and field audits. The effect of campus walkability and environmental features on pedestrian volume was examined by negative binomial regression. We found that Walk Score, transparency, street furniture, the number of buildings and noise level have a positive effect on walking activity, while enclosure and building basic color show a negative relationship with pedestrian volume. The results will be used to propose strategies to improve campus walkability and promote walking activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renovation problem of old residential areas is not only a city management task, but also a major engineering of benefiting the people, which is related to the people living and working in peace and contentment and the improvement of the overall image of the city. In order to improve the appearance of old residential areas in Chinese cities and the living conditions of their residents, city planners must take a scientific and structured approach to renovation. After analyzing current status of the old residential in several major Chinese cities, consulting the literature, and undertaking field investigations, this paper summarizes the main influencing factors on renovation decision-making. We propose five hypotheses, which we test using questionnaire survey data, sample analysis of these influencing factors, and a structural equation model (SEM). The results show that the degree of influence of each factor on renovation decisions ranks as technology being the most influential, followed by the economy, policy, the environment, and society. In addition, we find that there is nonzero correlation between these various factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Since the conservation of living heritage sites such as historic towns and traditional villages often involves the coordination of multiple interests, the modern socio-economic development of heritage sites and the dominant participatory nature of local heritage communities become the main conflicts in practice. Using a combination of literature research and field cases, this paper firstly compares the history of the theoretical conservation approach to living heritage and explains its core concepts and basic methods. Secondly, it analyses the application and effectiveness of the community co-creation model in living heritage sites using the case of the ancient city of Pingyao in Shanxi Province, China. It is hoped that this will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the current development and future direction of heritage conservation methods, and further consider how to reconcile the historical and daily values of heritage in the conservation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bell tower of Nanking University, built in 1888, is a milestone of modern educational architecture in Nanjing. It fully introduced Western architectural concepts and is an important historical witness to the cultural exchange between China and the West. At present, there are few studies on the conservation and reuse of the building, so the authors conducted the project. In this paper, we conducted research by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative analysis includes analyses of historical maps, photos, text, surveys, mapping of buildings, and a comparative analysis. The quantitative analysis includes statistics on the distribution of the urban school architectural heritage, the number of buildings at Nanking University, and China's school building design standards. Through the historical research and value analysis of the building, we explore its real information from the aspects of architectural style, space, structure, material, and construction technology, and propose a reasonable conservation method. According to the current urban planning policy and architectural heritage data, the functional upgrading and renovation of the building will be carried out. This paper explores authenticity and integrity-based restoration methods, as well as the adaptive-reuse strategy for China's architectural heritage, which can provide a paradigm for regional development and historic campus renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual improvement of urban construction, more and more experts and the public realized that the speed of urban development be reasonable, which caused urban regeneration to turn to a new-minded "urban micro-regeneration". "Micro-regeneration" is an extension of the concept to the direction of urban construction. The concept of micro-regeneration was first applied to the regeneration of individual buildings in the old city. The research on the intervention of public art in urban micro-regeneration is still in its infancy in China. Based on practice, this paper explores the possibility of public art's intervention in urban micro-regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reason for constructing urban features is to enhance the happiness of local residents in a city. It can also enhance the favorability of the floating population to a city and attract population inflow. In order to clarify the differences of satisfaction with urban features (SWUFs) between natives and floating population and explore their influencing mechanisms. On the bases of a large-scale questionnaire survey data involving 11 cities in the pilot city of an urban physical examination conducted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban–Rural Development of the People's Republic of China in 2019, this paper used the hierarchical linear model (HLM) to empirically analyze the perception and influencing factors of SWUFs of the floating population and local people. The conclusions are as follows: (1) there are obvious differences between the natives and floating population's SWUFs. And the floating population's evaluation of the urban features is more convincing; (2) the higher level of the city's economy and the higher protection rate of the historic district will both take the higher the SWUFs of the floating population; and (3) floating populations are more sensitive than locals when it comes to perceiving urban features. Based on these conclusions, this paper suggests that the government should start more from the perspective of floating populations when planning and designing urban landscapes and fully consider the influencing factors affecting the satisfaction of floating populations with urban features. In addition, this study can enrich the literature of subjective research on urban features and provide practical suggestions for the concept of people-centered urban construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth and transformation of China's cities since the 1980s led to a massive population movement, which created a new spatial type of informal settlement--the "Urban Village." This paper delivers an historical review of literature regarding the formation of the urban village in respect to the background of urban-rural land policy. In addition, the evolution of the urban village in China is studied from an architectural perspective. Therefore, this research is about urban architecture and informal spatial practices in contemporary China, particularly the built forms and spaces in Baishizhou urban village, which expanded due to internal migration from other Chinese cities to Shenzhen. In the end, the topic is discussed in relation to migrants' right to dwell in peace in the host city (UN, 1948). This research accordingly aims to examine new ways of conceptualising Chinese spaces and to explore theoretical and practical guidance for future urban and architectural design and policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, with the development of the times and the advancement of science and technology, informatization has gradually become an important standard for measuring the state of national development in the course of national development. The artificial intelligence multimedia technology has been developed under the background of informationization and has gradually become an important means to achieve national development and regional economic progress. The impact often depends not only on the economic attributes of the industry but also on the economic attributes of urban planning. Countries and regions with high levels of regional integration and industrial economic development have begun to inject economic knowledge and methods into regional integration and industrial economic processes, which are used to solve or alleviate problems and contradictions in the process of urban and rural construction and development. It can be seen that industrial economy and regional integration are not only a spatial phenomenon but also an economic phenomenon. Based on the needs of the development of urban planning discipline theory and the era of national industrial economic integration, this paper puts forward the research methods and ideas of this paper and combines current multimedia backgrounds and their development trends to analyze key innovations and research frameworks, incorporating the main theoretical research elements into the concept of "combination" of traditional Chinese philosophy, aiming at the main problems and contradictions in the process of China's industrial economic development, respectively, the cultural economy and industrial economy, and the integration of public economy and environmental economy, land economy, and housing economy, a new urbanization development strategy of population economy and regional economic competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban land subsidence is one of the important limiting factors for urban development, and strengthening the monitoring of urban surface subsidence contributes to long-term urban planning and construction needs. As a subcentral city in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, it is particularly important for Heifei to enhance the monitoring of surface subsidence. In this study, the persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar (PS-InSAR) and small baseline subset (SBAS) techniques were used to process 139 scenes of Sentinel-1A SAR satellite ascending orbit data covering the central urban area of Hefei from July 2015 to July 2020, obtaining subsidence information for the region. The results show that the overall urban area of Heifei is relatively stable, but there are certain deformation trends in local areas. Four regions with obvious deformation were selected for the in-depth analysis of their deformation time series. The experimental study in this paper demonstrates that the PS-InSAR and SBAS techniques can achieve the accurate monitoring of large-scale ground subsidence in urban areas, ensuring the safety of buildings and their surrounding environments, and providing information support for urban security maintenance monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of Xiongan New Area in Hebei Province, China, as a significant national choice, has considerable strategic significance for the integrated growth of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. This paper proposes a cloud model for the suitability evaluation of the construction of Xiongan New Area based on entropy weight analysis, taking into account the geological conditions, groundwater environment, environmental geological problems, and other factors of the suitability of image city development. According to the research, the suitability evaluation findings for the project building employing the cloud model are in strong accord with those of the traditional model and have some application potential. The evaluation's findings indicate that the project construction in Xiongan New Area is acceptable, with suitable and relatively suitable sites making up 81.4% of the total area and excellent circumstances for project development, construction, and usage. This study offers helpful direction for Xiongan New Area's urban land-space design and serves as a useful point of comparison for studies looking at the viability of other deep Quaternary Plain region engineering buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mid-2010s, China initiated a quality-oriented urbanization model aimed at overcoming the urban crises resulting from the past quantity-oriented urbanization. The Xiong'an New Area (XNA), China's latest national-level new area, has been planned such that it serves as a showcase of the quality-oriented urbanization model. Based on a review of the official urban planning documents, this paper examines the characteristics of the XNA's urban planning and finds that the urban planning has integrated environmental friendliness, social inclusion, innovation-driven economy, cultural inheritance, and smart urban governance to facilitate the XNA's pursuit of quality-oriented urbanization. Besides analyzing its improvement over the previous urban planning, this paper also examines the XNA's challenges in its urban planning implementation. Although the XNA is subject to circumstances that make it unique, its urban planning can serve as a point of reference for attempts to urbanize among the world's other cities. This paper contributes to a more thorough understanding of the role of urban planning in promoting the transformation from quantity-oriented to quality-oriented urbanization models in the Chinese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guizhou Province is located in karst mountainous area, so it is very important for the future layout and planning of the city to study the underground geological structure of the city based on seismic detection technology. In this paper, taking the underground active fault detection in the Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, China as an example, a set of appropriate evaluation techniques for the accurate spatial location, structural characteristics and latest activities of the fault suit for mountainous area are proposed. Through pre-stack noise suppression, amplitude fidelity and consistency processing, and multiple iterative analysis of velocity residual statics, the resolution of the geological structure of the underground rock has been significantly improved. Based on the detailed interpretation of the shallow seismic data and the regional geological analysis, it is concluded that the main fault strike of the Weining – Shuicheng section of the Weining - Shuicheng fault is NW, mainly normal fault, the dip direction is mainly southwest, partly northeast and the dip angle is 60-70°. The strata of the two fault plates are strongly compressed and broken, and the limestone and dolomite are generally recrystallized, and calcite veins and masses can be seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Old residential area regeneration has long been integral to China's urban planning, construction, and governance. This paper divides its history in China into four periods based on the policy and its positioning in the socio-economic pattern: slow development as a non-productive sector (1949 to late 1970s), housing marketization under unified planning (late 1970s to early 2000s), a livelihood-oriented transitional period (early 2000s to early 2010s), and a large-scale comprehensive project (early 2010s to the present). It summarizes the positioning, purpose, type, actor, and research characteristics in each period and points out that the old residential area regeneration in China has always been in dynamic interaction between the state, market, and society, presenting complicated characteristics. This process is like a pendulum oscillating between the dual attributes of urban regeneration and housing policies, and relevant studies exploring the Chinese path since 1949 are featured by pragmatism and policy implication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]