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Urban agriculture(UA) is a spontaneous response to the increasing demand for food with the inevitable population expansion in urban areas. As a critical part of FAO’s Special Programme for Food Security(SPFS), UA has increasingly been considered as a significant contributor to food and nutrition security of urban residents all over the world. Thus, the central aim of this essay is to develop a better understanding of the current situation of UA in urban planning of China, and 6 categories of UA in China will be discussed, including Leisure Agriculture, Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Community Supported Agriculture(CSA), Institutional garden and Edible landscape. And finally the paper tries to raise the awareness and drive innovation of UA in both theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Analysis method for urban underground space (UUS) characteristics is proposed. • Factors affecting spatial vitality of UUS in metro area are investigated. • Prediction method of UUS spatial vitality is established. • UUS planning and design suggestions to ensure spatial vitality are summarized. The implementation of transit-oriented development (TOD) policies and the vigorous development of urban rail transit construction have promoted the rapid development of the urban underground spaces (UUSs) in metro construction areas. Spatial vitality, as one of the important evaluation indicators for the layout of the UUS, is closely related to spatial efficiency. Taking the UUS of the Shanghai People's Square (SPSUUS) as a case study, the distribution regularities of the spatial vitality in the UUS were investigated by analyzing its spatial characteristics and vitality distribution quantitatively. Space syntax, point of interest (POI) data, traditional field investigations, and pedestrian counting were adopted to measure the spatial features and population density of the SPSUUS, and then comparisons were made. The correlations between each spatial characteristic variable and the spatial vitality were further explored using the SPSS software. The results showed that the spatial vitality of the SPSUUS was comprehensively affected by related variables, including the visibility and accessibility of the spatial structures, the degree of the functional mixture, the layout of the station hall and entrances, and the organization of business forms. Depending on the feedback results, corresponding improvement suggestions and discussions are proposed from the aspects of entrance layout, spatial organization, and functional distribution to provide a reference for future planning, design, and optimization of UUSs with effective vitality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the world has embraced rapid and large-scale urbanization making more citizens share the progress of society, such as abundant commodities, convenient and fast transportation, excellent medicine and education. For the urbanization, more land inside or around the limited cities have been exploited at the expense of greenery to build buildings as well as infrastructure to satisfy the according demands caused by urbanization. But human beings can never live without greenery, and more citizens mean more needs on greenery. In view of this, the importance of greenery has been increasingly recognized by urban planners and policy makers. This essay aimed to explore the role that greenery plays in urban planning in modern Britain and provided the theoretical basis for better utilization of greenery in the future urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]