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The present study explores how officials in Swedish secondary schools define and categorize situations in which students have been exposed to violence in the school. The study is designed as a case study of two secondary schools, situated in two demographically different urban neighbourhoods. The results indicate that different socio-economic conditions influence how professionals categorize and explain violence, but also what strategies are used to deal with different incidents. In the socially disadvantaged area, there is closer collaboration with the police, and filing police reports is more common. In the school located in a middle-class area, professionals handle similar situations by collaborating with parents and using diagnoses as the main explanation for students' problematic behaviour.

The focus of the present study is on how a number of Swedish schools define and categorise students who have been exposed to different forms of abusive acts and violence at school. The empirical study was designed to explore six Swedish urban secondary schools. The results indicated a recurrent pattern in school officials' narratives, which is that officials often express difficulty defining the actual problem or crime. The results also revealled ambivalence when students' problems were taken over by other professionals. Reporting to the police and the social services was sometimes a relief, it can provide an opportunity for professional advice; at the same time the informants reported a lack of information and control during this process. Consequently, there was also a socio-political struggle involved in defining 'problematic' situations and solutions to relational difficulties.

The focus of the present study is on how educators and students create a "sense of belonging" and school identity. The ethnography was carried out at an independent Christian school with children and students aged six to sixteen years. This study's aim is to contribute knowledge about how the identity of a school has become an important factor in the context of the marketisation of education. The identity of the school is articulated as a school with a Christian profile. Further, the results show how diversity and multiculturalism were downplayed. The school can thereby be interpreted as a way to avoid categorisation as an immigrant school. The identity as a Christian school symbolically lifts it from its socio-economic position in the urban geography. This identity becomes central to how the school is presented in an economic market of free school choice.

This article explores Swedish secondary school's strategies for supporting students who lack parental care. The study was designed as a case study of six Swedish urban secondary schools located in different demographic areas in southern Sweden. The study draws from individual interviews with school officials, focus group interviews with schools officials and observations from the schools' student health team meetings. Contemporary research shows that there are several reasons why children and adolescents are neglected: parents' mental illness, drug abuse, unemployment and living in poverty are some of the main factors explaining why children are neglected. The aim of this article is to explore school officials' narratives about supporting students with different class backgrounds who are negatively affected by neglect and lack of parental care. The aim is also to explore schools' collaborations with families, the social services and child and youth psychiatric care to support this group of students. Analytically the study takes its point of departure in how school officials read and position students and their families as classed subjects. Of interest is also to explore how the school professionals' narratives connect to discourses on neglected children, social class and the schools' responsibilities for handling these issues. The results indicate that students' class background is central to the explanations given for social problems as well as to how different student groups are categorized. Discourses of family disorder and dysfunction are provided as the main explanations for neglect and lack of parental care among students growing up in child poverty, whereas discourses explaining middle-class students' problems are related to young people's loneliness and parents' lack of time.

This article reveals how test-based performativity pressures interfere with the pedagogical approaches preferred by teachers of second-language learners. Our findings derive from ethnographic research conducted in two non-mainstream high schools: one in a US city and other one in a Swedish city. Both schools serve immigrant students who speak English/Swedish as a second language, the majority of whom are from low-income, non-mainstream backgrounds. Unlike many schools that serve low-income immigrants, both are fairly well-resourced schools; teachers at each school foster productive learning environments and pedagogical practices conducive to academic success. Yet these practices are eroded by a mode of regulation that is hyper-fixed on "performativity" as discussed by Stephen J. Ball. Swedish teachers report less pressure than American teachers but teachers at both schools provide clear examples of the instances when performativity pressures intrude upon preferred pedagogical approaches.

Today there is a strong tendency to involve local citizens in community work, and to mobilize social forces in poor urban districts. We will focus on one specific method used to educate and help immigrant parents raise and foster their children. This method is described as part of a wider ambition to integrate and involve immigrants in Swedish society. The aim is to get parents involved, and to create a dialogue and the necessary requirements for equal conditions. However, although the emphasis is on dialogue and shared experiences, this model is also based on and coloured by "governmentality". Through an empirical material consisting of a number of interviews with parents and teachers, we have focused on four thematic subjects: educational policies, homework, values and identities, and the importance of space and belonging. The results indicate that although the Swedish teachers try to create a dialogue and communicate with the parents, they do not succeed particularly well. The results indicate that when communication breaks down, the teachers often use different strategies of governance to implement their values, norms and ideas. In conclusion, it is not merely the clash between different value systems, and the different views on pedagogy and learning that contribute to distortions in the communication between teachers and parents, we also have to look more closely at the material and social conditions that create distance and alienation. Against the backdrop of the perception of whiteness and segregation, many of the communicative failures are understandable and logical. (Contains 1 note.)