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Initial arc formation in high-current drawn vacuum arc was investigated experimentally and analyzed quantitatively in this paper. Experiments were conducted in a demountable vacuum chamber. Characteristics of molten metal bridges evolution and arc voltage indicated that initial arc formation could be divided into three stages. The correlation between the rupture of molten metal bridges and the fluctuation of arc voltage in stage 2 was analyzed. In addition, characteristics in stage 2 under different arc currents and opening speeds were analyzed quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to vacuum interrupter's excellent interruption performance, an increasing number of on-load tap-changers (OLTCs) have chosen it as a load changeover switch in recent years. The stability of the arcing process is crucial for the interruption since the vacuum interrupter in OLTC must break current frequently with the requirement of long electrical life. In this paper, experiments on butt contacts and axial magnetic field (AMF) contacts applied in OLTC were carried out in a demountable vacuum chamber, and the arcing process was investigated by a high-speed camera. Investigations were conducted on the effects of opening speed, opening phase, current amplitude, and AMF on arc characteristics, e.g., arc expansion and arc voltage. The experiment findings demonstrated that expansion and instability of arc increased with higher opening speed, number of cathode spots moving to the inclined surface decreased with shorter arcing time, and that cathode spots' propensity to form group cathode spots increased with higher current. AMF lessened the impact of high opening speed and high current on the arcing process. The investigation carried out in this paper helps to better understand the characteristics of arc evolution and the influence of some key factors, which may serve as a guide for improving the design and vacuum arc control of vacuum OLTCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the evolution of vacuum arc under different conditions in the quench protection switch (QPS) based on forced current zero was investigated experimentally and analyzed quantitatively. Experiments were conducted with cup-shaped axial magnetic field (AMF) contacts in a demountable vacuum chamber. Images of the arc column were photographed through the observation window with a high-speed digital camera with exposure time of 2 μs. Arc appearance was analyzed quantitatively through digital image processing. Quantified arc appearance and arc voltage characteristics indicated that the high-current vacuum arc evolution in the QPS could be divided into four stages: arc formation stage, arc column merging stage, diffusing stage, and fast extinguishing stage. The influence of AMF on the evolution of high-current vacuum arc in the diffusing stage was also studied. Experiment results indicated that the vacuum arc at relatively low current had a simpler evolution process and the arc column merging had less correlation with voltage stability. It was found that the vacuum arc with a long gap distance developed faster and the time required to enter the stable burning state was shorter. In addition, the vacuum arc with long arcing time tended to constrict again, which is not beneficial to current interruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dielectric recovery process is a crucial stage of current interruption in a vacuum circuit breaker (VCB). The postarc current is an important macroscopic electric characteristic of the dielectric recovery process, which has caused many concerns in the past few decades. In this paper, the postarc currents of VCBs with different types of contacts, such as butt contacts, axial magnetic field contacts, and transverse magnetic field contacts with different materials are measured with a high-resolution current-zero diagnostic system. Besides, the appearance of vacuum arcs is recorded using a high-speed camera in the experiments. The relationship between the arc memory effect and the postarc current is analyzed. What is more, the influence of the instability of the vacuum arc shape on the dispersion of postarc current is also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]