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Parental participation has gained significant attention in environmental psychology, which has revealed a need for an instrument that can measure parental participation with children regarding environmental issues. The present study met this need by validating the parental participation in the environment (PPE) scale. This process began with 45 Chinese parents participating in an individual interview and group discussions, which helped generate a list of eighteen parent-child environmental activities. The activities were then modified and validated in the current study with a diverse group of 969 parents recruited from six major Chinese cities. Both score structure evidence and generalizability evidence were obtained within this sample, and psychometric tests suggested a single factor construct with nine items. Once the PPE scale was revised, it showed measurement invariance across the parent who responded to the items (mother vs. father), across the child's primary caregiver (mother vs. father vs. grandparent), across the family's living region (North China vs. South China), as well as across the family's income group. Finally, evidence based on relations to other variables showed a relationship among parents' PPE, pro-environmental behavior, and connectedness with nature. As a result, the study provided a novel measure to assess pro-environmental socialization via parental participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-regulation of learning (SRL) is a key psychological factor that supports young athletes aiming to reach the elite level by promoting their involvement in deliberate practice. We contributed to the validation of the Italian version of the Bartulovic et al. (2017) Self-Regulation of Learning – Self-Report Scale for Sport Practice by testing its factorial structure, reliability, and measurement invariance among elite and non-elite football players, involving 415 male professional, semi-professional, and amateur youth academy players (M age = 16.2, SD = 1.51). The original six-factor structure (planning, reflection, effort, self-efficacy, self-monitoring, and evaluation) did not fit the data well and a five-factor solution (where self-monitoring and evaluation items load on the same factor, named "self-supervision") was a better fit. This five-factor solution was measurement invariant across groups of elite and non-elite athletes. We found that elite athletes scored significantly higher than non-elite ones in each SRL subprocess. Implications for future validation studies and for the use of this tool are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the 2008 economic crisis, the financial condition of youth has become a frequent research topic and the need for an instrument measuring financial constructs relevant for this stage of life is increasing. The current paper consists of four studies aiming to develop and validate an instrument measuring subjective financial well-being in a population of European emerging adults. The first study collected qualitative data – performing interviews with experts and the target population – in order to contextualize the construct. Based on these results, we developed the initial 44-item version of the scale. The second study aimed to test the psychometric characteristics of these items. There were 25 items measuring five different aspects of subjective financial well-being (general subjective financial well-being, money management, peer comparison, having money, financial future) with acceptable psychometric properties. The third study aimed to collect validity evidence about the newly developed scale. Five different kinds of evidence suggested that the scale is a good measure of subjective financial well-being. The last study tested measurement invariance between the Portuguese and Italian versions of the scale. Results suggested that the Multidimensional Subjective Financial Well-being Scale works well in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]