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The antifungal potentials of two vanadium oxalate compounds (C7H11N2)2[VO(C2O4)2(H2O)]·2H2O (compound 1) and {(CH6N3)2[VO(C2O4)2]}n (compound 2) against Penicillium expansum and Penicillium italicum were investigated. The compounds inhibited both fungi in well diffusion and plate growth inhibition assays and via volatile production methods. Compound 2 was able to reduce spore germination of P. expansum and P. italicum by 40.87% and 42.00%, respectively. Neither compound exhibited cytotoxicity in human cells. In vivo assays with stored apples showed a reduction in a blue mold by 49% and 25% by compounds 1 and 2, respectively. Both compounds were able to completely prevent blue mold in stored oranges. Microscopic examination demonstrated, that compound 2 caused drastic morphological effects on morphogenesis, and limit the spore germination of P. italicum on oranges and the destruction of P. expansum hyphae on apples. Both compounds inhibited biofilm by 78.48% and 73.83% and patulin reduction by 43.31% and 40%, respectively. Novelty impact statement: The present work highlights the successful use of two vanadium oxalate complexes as antifungal agents to reduce blue mold on apples and citrus. Both compounds are able to limit radial growth and spores germination as well as reduce biofilm and Patulin production and affect mycelium morphogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystals of the title compound, (C5H8N3)3[VO2(C2O4)2]·2.5H2O, a mononuclear VV complex, were obtained by slow evaporation at room temperature of an aqueous solution containing vanadium pentoxide, oxalic acid and 2,6-di­amino­pyridine. The asymmetric unit contains one bis­(oxalato)dioxovanadate(V) anionic complex, three 2,6-di­amino­pyridinium cations and two and a half uncoordinated water mol­ecules. The mononuclear vanadium(V) anions are connected to the organic cations and water mol­ecules through a strong N--H...O and O--H...O hydrogen-bond network, consolidated by π-π stacking inter­actions, to form a three-dimensional structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title organic-inorganic hybrid salt, (C7H11N2)2[V(C2O4)2O(H2O)]?2H2O, shows a distorted octahedral coordination environment for the vanadium(IV) atom in the anion (point group symmetry 2), with four O atoms from two symmetry-related chelating oxalate dianions and two O atoms in trans configuration from a coordinating water molecule and a terminal vanadyl O atom. In the crystal, (001) layers of cations and anions alternate along [001]. The anionic layers are built up by intermolecular O--H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the coordinating and solvent water molecules. The cationic layers are linked to the anionic layers via N--H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the pyridinium group and the non-coordinating O atoms of the oxalate group. The 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium cations are also engaged in &#960-π stacking with their antiparallel neighbours [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.686 (2) Å]. Considering all supramolecular features, a three-dimensional network structure is accomplished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]