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453 results on '"MOLECULAR virology"'

1. Applications of Replicating-Competent Reporter-Expressing Viruses in Diagnostic and Molecular Virology.

Author

Li Y, Li LF, Yu S, Wang X, Zhang L, Yu J, Xie L, Li W, Ali R, and Qiu HJ

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology methods, Gene Expression, Genes, Reporter, Staining and Labeling methods, Virology methods, Virus Replication, Viruses genetics, Viruses growth & development
Abstract

Commonly used tests based on wild-type viruses, such as immunostaining, cannot meet the demands for rapid detection of viral replication, high-throughput screening for antivirals, as well as for tracking viral proteins or virus transport in real time. Notably, the development of replicating-competent reporter-expressing viruses (RCREVs) has provided an excellent option to detect directly viral replication without the use of secondary labeling, which represents a significant advance in virology. This article reviews the applications of RCREVs in diagnostic and molecular virology, including rapid neutralization tests, high-throughput screening systems, identification of viral receptors and virus-host interactions, dynamics of viral infections in vitro and in vivo, vaccination approaches and others. However, there remain various challenges associated with RCREVs, including pathogenicity alterations due to the insertion of a reporter gene, instability or loss of the reporter gene expression, or attenuation of reporter signals in vivo. Despite all these limitations, RCREVs have become powerful tools for both basic and applied virology with the development of new technologies for generating RCREVs, the inventions of novel reporters and the better understanding of regulation of viral replication.

Published
2016
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2. Isolation and genetic analysis of an environmental bacteriophage: A 10-session laboratory series in molecular virology.

Author

Williamson RP, Barker BT, Drammeh H, Scott J, and Lin J

Subjects
Computational Biology education, Teaching, Bacteriophages genetics, Bacteriophages isolation & purification, Curriculum, Molecular Biology education, Virology education
Abstract

Bacterial viruses, otherwise known as bacteriophage (or phage), are some of the most abundant viruses found in the environment. They can be easily isolated from water or soil and are ideal for use in laboratory classrooms due to their ease of culture and inherent safety. Here, we describe a series of 10 laboratory exercises where students collect, isolate, and purify the genome of an environmental phage. Once the genome has been extracted, students then clone a fragment of their isolated phage genome into a plasmid and analyze its sequence to identify the phage in their original isolate. These exercises have been carefully designed to apply foundational concepts that will expose students to basic skills in microbiology, molecular biology, and bioinformatics., (© 2014 The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.)

Published
2014
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4. Virology--the path forward.

Author

Rasmussen, Angela L., Gronvall, Gigi K., Lowen, Anice C., Goodrum, Felicia, Alwine, James, Andersen, Kristian G., Anthony, Simon J., Baines, Joel, Banerjee, Arinjay, Broadbent, Andrew J., Brooke, Christopher B., Campos, Samuel K., Caposio, Patrizia, Casadevall, Arturo, Chan, Gary C., Cliffe, Anna R., Collins-McMillen, Donna, Connell, Nancy, Damania, Blossom, and Daugherty, Matthew D.

Subjects
*VIROLOGY, *COVID-19 pandemic, *COMMUNICABLE diseases, *MOLECULAR virology, *SELF-efficacy
Abstract

In the United States (US), biosafety and biosecurity oversight of research on viruses is being reappraised. Safety in virology research is paramount and oversight frameworks should be reviewed periodically. Changes should be made with care, however, to avoid impeding science that is essential for rapidly reducing and responding to pandemic threats as well as addressing more common challenges caused by infectious diseases. Decades of research uniquely positioned the US to be able to respond to the COVID-19 crisis with astounding speed, delivering life-saving vaccines within a year of identifying the virus. We should embolden and empower this strength, which is a vital part of protecting the health, economy, and security of US citizens. Herein, we offer our perspectives on priorities for revised rules governing virology research in the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. The interplay between hypoxia signalling and hepatitis B virus replication

Author

Harris, James, McKeating, Jane, and Harris, Adrian

Subjects
Virology, Molecular virology
Abstract

Viral replication is influenced by the host cell microenvironment, and local oxygen tension is a major factor that shapes the intracellular landscape. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replicates in the liver which harbours a naturally low oxygen environment. However, in vitro culture systems apply atmospheric oxygen conditions, and so our understanding of the role of oxygen sensitive factors in the viral life cycle is limited. We uncover evidence of hypoxic signalling in the HBV infected liver that associates with the inflammatory status of this chronic disease. We develop simple PCR assays to determine the source of HBV RNAs and ascribe patterns of viral transcription. Investigating the interplay between the hepatic inflammasome and viral transcription identified 24 host factors that positively associate with HBV transcriptional activity. Culturing HBV infected hepatoma cells under low oxygen uncovered a new role for hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in the viral life cycle. Our studies demonstrate that HIFs bind an evolutionarily conserved hypoxic response element in the basal core promoter in vitro and in vivo, which drives the synthesis of pre-genomic RNA and potentiates particle genesis. HIFs are not the only regulators of the cellular response to low oxygen, and we expand our observation to show that hypoxic inhibition of histone lysine demethylase 4 (KDM4) also promotes transcription from episomal and integrated HBV genomes. We show that KDM4 is a major orchestrator of host gene expression and this defines host susceptibility to HBV infection. Identifying roles for oxygen sensors in the HBV life cycle suggests that this pathogen has evolved to exploit the hypoxic signalling pathways in the liver. This study highlights the importance of understanding the pathways which are active in physiological oxygen tensions when considering virus-host interactions, and provides innovative routes to therapeutically target HBV.

Published
2021

7. Investigating the role of human cytomegalovirus protein LUNA in regulating viral gene expression during latency

Author

Lau, Jonathan and Sinclair, John

Subjects
579.2, Cytomegalovirus, Herpesvirus, Virology, Molecular Virology, Human Cytomegalovirus, Herpesvirology, Immunology, Latency, Reactivation, Epigenetics, Bioinformatics, LUNA, Latency-associated, Transcriptional Regulation, Primary Cell, HCMV, CMV, Viruses, Infection, Infectious Diseases, Chronic infection, Medicine, Medical Sciences, Recombineering, SUMO, SUMOylation, DeSUMOylation, Protein, PML body, ND10, Myeloid, CD34, CD14, DNA Virus
Abstract

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread human herpesvirus pathogen and prototypical member of the β-herpesvirus subfamily. Like all herpesviruses, the virus establishes a lifelong latent infection following host exposure, which has the potential to reactivate periodically and contribute to recurrent disease processes. In individuals with weak or compromised immune systems, such reactivation can lead to profound pathology. Understanding how latent infections are maintained is important for uncovering how HCMV causes disease. The study of viral genes that are expressed during latent infection grants insight into how latency is regulated and how it could be therapeutically targeted. To that end, this project has sought to evaluate the functional significance of one such viral gene termed LUNA in the context of latency. In models of experimental latent infection based on primary myeloid cells, levels of viral gene transcription were found to be significantly reduced following infection with LUNA deletion mutant viruses, consistent with corresponding observable changes in post-translational histone modifications over the viral promoters of latency-associated genes. Additionally, using luciferase reporter systems, latency-associated viral gene promoters became activated in response to the expression of wild-type LUNA. Together, these findings argue for a role of LUNA in regulating viral gene expression during latent HCMV infection. One possible mechanism by which LUNA may fulfil its role is by targeting cellular ND10 structures, known intrinsic inhibitors of herpesvirus gene expression, for disruption. In support of this, latently infected cells were found to be devoid of ND10, a phenotype that was recapitulated by the direct expression of wild-type LUNA. Furthermore, mutation studies confirmed the identification of a novel deSUMOylase activity encoded by LUNA that was responsible for mediating ND10 disruption. Use of a catalytically inactive LUNA mutant in transcriptional analyses of latent infection also generated similar results as with the LUNA deletion viruses. Overall, these data support the hypothesis that LUNA serves as an important regulator of viral gene expression during latency, which is likely linked to its ability to target ND10 structures for disruption, thus raising the possibility that inhibition of deSUMOylation may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to target latent HCMV infection.

Published
2018
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8. Curriculum Guidelines for Graduate and Undergraduate Virology Courses.

Author

Kushner, David B., Cline, Troy D., Danthi, Pranav, Debbink, Kari M., Ferran, Maureen C., Flenniken, Michelle, Johnson, Dylan M., Mehle, Andrew, Morales, Daniel A., Mukhopadhyay, Suchetana, Parker, John S. L., Spriggs, Chelsey C., O'Donnell, Lauren A., and Maginnis, Melissa S.

Subjects
*VIROLOGY, *CAREER education, *MOLECULAR virology, *EDUCATIONAL sociology, *CURRICULUM, *UNDERGRADUATES
Abstract

Curriculum guidelines for virology are needed to best guide student learning due to the continuous and ever-increasing volume of virology information, the need to ensure that undergraduate and graduate students have a foundational understanding of key virology concepts, and the importance in being able to communicate that understanding to both other virologists and nonvirologists. Such guidelines, developed by virology educators and the American Society for Virology Education and Career Development Committee, are described herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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9. Global Scientific Productivity of Top Four Journals of Virology Over Three Decades: A Scientometrics Study.

Author

Sankar, Vishakha and Ramasamy, Sarangapani

Subjects
*COVID-19 pandemic, *SCIENTOMETRICS, *AUTHORSHIP collaboration, *BIBLIOGRAPHIC databases, *CURRICULUM, *MOLECULAR virology
Abstract

Trends in Virology research have been inclined after outbreak of COVID 19 pandemic. The main objective of this study is to identifying and visualizing the scientometric indicators of top four highly productive journals publishing papers on area related to Virology research. The data collected on 5 January 2022 from Web of Science all relevant global publications of Virology research. Then, publications were restricted to top 4 highly productive journals in this field. An Exploratory and descriptive analysis of bibliographic data (number of publication/citations yearly output, growth rate, authorship and collaborative pattern, productive countries) by using Bibexcel, MS Excel and VOS viewer software packages were used. The top ranked journals of virology ranked as Journal of Virology (N= 37205, 51.50%), Virology Journal (N= 15052, 20.83%), Journal of General Virology (N= 10745, 14.87%) and Archives of Virology (N= 9238, 12.79%) respectively. Cross-country comparison reveals that the USA is currently taking the leading role, followed by the UK, Germany & Japan and China is a newcomer with potential contributions to make in this research area. The present study offers important quantitative information on top journals of Virology. In addition, researchers are increasingly investigating the intellectual structures of disciplines by using various bibliometric techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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10. Researchers from Chinese Academy of Sciences Publish Research in Influenza B Virus (Unlocking influenza B: exploring molecular biology and reverse genetics for epidemic control and vaccine innovation).

Subjects
INFLUENZA B virus, REVERSE genetics, MOLECULAR biology, MOLECULAR virology, BIOLOGICAL products
Abstract

A recent report from the Chinese Academy of Sciences discusses the importance of understanding the molecular biology and reverse genetics of the influenza B virus (IBV) for epidemic control and vaccine innovation. Influenza B is a highly contagious viral illness that affects the respiratory system and is a significant global public health concern. The researchers highlight the use of reverse genetics, which allows for the purposeful alteration of the viral genome and the study of virulence and resistance mechanisms. This technique is crucial for preparing for epidemics and protecting public health. The report provides information on how reverse genetics methods can be used to manipulate the genes of the influenza B virus. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

11. Study Findings from Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology Advance Knowledge in Monkeypox [A clinically used anti-human papilloma virus agent (3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified bovine b-lactoglobulin) has a potential for topical...].

Subjects
MEDICAL sciences, MEDICAL virology, MOLECULAR virology, VACCINIA, MILK proteins
Abstract

A study conducted by the Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology has found that a clinically used anti-human papilloma virus agent called 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified bovine b-lactoglobulin (3HP-b-LG) has the potential to prevent the sexual transmission of the monkeypox virus. The research showed that 3HP-b-LG was highly effective in inhibiting infection of the monkeypox virus and vaccinia virus. It was found to bind to the virus, not the host cell, and target the early stage of virus entry. When combined with tecovirimat, a small-molecule antiviral drug, a synergistic effect was observed. The study suggests that 3HP-b-LG could be further developed as a prophylactic agent to prevent the sexual transmission of monkeypox. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

12. Researchers at Sechenov University Release New Data on Myxoma Virus (Comparative Analysis of Two Novel Complete Genomes of Myxoma Virus Vaccine Strains).

Subjects
ONCOGENIC DNA viruses, VIRAL genetics, BIOLOGICAL products, MOLECULAR virology, VIRAL vaccines
Abstract

Researchers at Sechenov University in Moscow, Russia have conducted a comparative analysis of two complete genomes of Myxoma Virus (MYXV) vaccine strains. The study found that these vaccine strains share a common origin with the American recombinant MYXV MAV vaccine strain and contain genes that are identical to the virulent MYXV Lausanne strain. The research highlights the evolutionary flexibility of certain genes in the MYXV genome and provides insights into the molecular epidemiology of the virus and subsequent vaccine development. This information is valuable for understanding MYXV and improving vaccine production. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

13. Investigators at University of Maryland Report Findings in Flavivirus (Langat Virus Inhibits the Gp130/jak/stat Signaling By Reducing the Gp130 Protein Level).

Subjects
TICK-borne encephalitis viruses, BIOLOGICAL products, MEDICAL virology, MOLECULAR virology, JANUS kinases
Abstract

Researchers at the University of Maryland have conducted a study on the Langat virus (LGTV), a member of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) serocomplex. The study found that LGTV infection inhibits the activation of gp130/JAK/STAT signaling, which is involved in various biological processes. The virus also reduces the expression of gp130 protein and inhibits JAK1 activation. These findings provide insights into the interactions between LGTV and host cells, which could contribute to the development of antiviral therapeutics and improved vaccines. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

14. Study Findings on Chikungunya Virus Discussed by a Researcher at University Pompeu Fabra (Elucidation of the Epitranscriptomic RNA Modification Landscape of Chikungunya Virus).

Subjects
RNA modification & restriction, CHIKUNGUNYA virus, RESEARCH personnel, VIRAL genetics, MOLECULAR virology
Abstract

A recent study conducted at the University Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, Spain, focused on the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) to examine the landscape of viral RNA modification in infected human cells. The researchers analyzed 32 distinct RNA modifications and found that inosine was enriched in the genomic CHIKV RNA. However, further analysis did not identify any inosine modification along the CHIKV RNA genome. The study emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to assess the presence of RNA modifications in viral RNA genomes. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

15. Structure and Pattern of Author's Collaboration and Co-authorship Network in Global Virology Research.

Author

Vishakha and Sarangapani, R.

Subjects
*VIROLOGY, *SCIENCE databases, *WEB databases, *DATABASE searching, *MOLECULAR virology, *MIXED infections
Abstract

This paper aimed to investigate, analyze and visualize the scientific output of global virology research by examining the collaborative pattern and co-authorship network. A total of 80220 records were extracted from the web of science database after searching 'Virology' as a research area. Multi-authored papers are more than single-authored papers with 85% of the whole. The degree of collaboration was 0.994 in the field of Virology. Wang Y is the most active author with 429 papers, 5621 total citations, and 37 h-index. To understand the trend of evolution pattern and proximity of efficiency, we investigate a co-authorship network of a relatively new and emerging academic field. The approach and potential applications of co-authorship network analysis in virology research are discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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16. Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology Researchers Have Published New Study Findings on Influenza A Virus (Panzootic HPAIV H5 and risks to novel mammalian hosts).

Subjects
MOLECULAR virology, INFLUENZA A virus, CYTOLOGY, INFLUENZA viruses, RESEARCH personnel, VIRAL shedding
Abstract

A new report from the Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology discusses the challenges posed by the H5 subtype of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. These viruses have spread globally and have shown genetic adaptability in both birds and mammals. While human infections remain limited, the establishment of these viruses in various animal populations, including dairy cattle, is a concern. The researchers emphasize the need to understand and monitor the dynamics of these viruses at the avian-mammal interface in order to mitigate the risk of zoonotic transmission. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

17. Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Researchers Broaden Understanding of Influenza A Virus Subtype H1N1 [Genetic characterization of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in 2023 in Huzhou, China].

Subjects
INFLUENZA A virus, H1N1 subtype, INFLUENZA, PARAINFLUENZA viruses, VIRAL shedding, RESEARCH personnel, PREVENTIVE medicine, MOLECULAR virology, AMINO acid sequence
Abstract

A recent report from the Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China provides new insights into the genetic characterization of the influenza A virus subtype H1N1. The study found that the virus has acquired mutations that can increase disease severity. However, the recommended vaccine strain A/Wisconsin/67/2022 is still effective against the circulating H1N1 virus in Huzhou. The virus in Huzhou currently has low pathogenicity and is naturally resistant to amantadines. Regular molecular surveillance is important to monitor changes in the virus and the emergence of new strains. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

18. Mansoura University Reports Findings in Reticuloendotheliosis Virus (Molecular characterization of Marek's Disease virus reveals reticuloendotheliosis virus-long terminal repeat integration in the genome of the field isolates in Egypt).

Subjects
MAREK'S disease, VIRUS diseases, MOLECULAR virology, FLUORESCENT antibody technique, ONCOGENIC viruses, RNA virus infections, BIRDS
Abstract

A recent study conducted by Mansoura University in Egypt focused on the molecular characterization of Marek's Disease virus (MDV) and its integration with reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) in the genomes of field isolates in Egypt. The researchers collected 180 samples from chicken farms suspected to be infected with MDV and used various techniques to identify and characterize the virus. The results showed a high prevalence of MDV in the samples, with a genetic similarity to MDVs circulating in Ethiopia, China, and India. The study also identified REV-LTR insertions in the genomes of some MDV field isolates, which may have implications for MDV pathogenesis and vaccination protection. Further research is needed to explore these effects. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

19. Reports Summarize HIV/AIDS Study Results from Johns Hopkins University (Quality Control Data Management With Unity Real-time In Molecular Virology).

Subjects
MOLECULAR virology, DATA management, AIDS, QUALITY control, HIV
Abstract

A report from Johns Hopkins University discusses the implementation of a quality control (QC) data management system called Unity Real-Time (UnityRT) in the Molecular Virology Laboratory. The study highlights the clinical utility of real-time QC monitoring using UnityRT, specifically in the case of HIV-1 quantitative control results. The researchers found that UnityRT improved workflow efficiency, reduced the risk of laboratory errors, and saved time compared to traditional methods of QC data management. The study emphasizes the value of real-time QC monitoring in ensuring laboratory quality and patient safety. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

20. Baylor College of Medicine wins the 2024 STAT Madness science competition.

Subjects
SCIENCE competitions, MOLECULAR virology, PUBLIC health officers
Abstract

Baylor College of Medicine has won the 2024 STAT Madness science competition, a national event that pits research institutions against each other for the top innovation spot in science and medicine. The winning project, led by Drs. Anthony Maresso, Sara Javornik Cregeen, Michael Tisza, Joseph Petrosino, and colleagues, focuses on the analysis of the human virome in public wastewater. By regularly monitoring wastewater, the team aims to improve understanding of outbreaks, transmission, and overall population health. The project has the potential to benefit communities by providing early warnings of flu outbreaks and helping public health officials adjust hospital staffing accordingly. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

21. Study Data from Baylor College of Medicine Update Knowledge of Orthoreovirus (Structure of orthoreovirus RNA chaperone sNS, a component of viral replication factories).

Subjects
VIRAL replication, RNA, MOLECULAR virology, MEDICAL sciences, VIRAL genomes
Abstract

A recent study conducted by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine provides new insights into the structure and function of the orthoreovirus RNA chaperone sNS. The study found that sNS is essential for the formation of replication compartments that support viral genome replication and capsid assembly. The researchers conducted structural and biochemical analyses of a mutant form of sNS and discovered that it forms dimers instead of the higher-order oligomers formed by the wildtype sNS. The study also revealed that sNS has RNA chaperone activity, which is necessary for genome replication, and this activity is reduced by bile acids and abolished by N-terminal arm deletion. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of sNS in reovirus replication. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

22. Rolling circle amplification: A high fidelity and efficient alternative to plasmid preparation for the rescue of infectious clones.

Author

Marano, Jeffrey M., Chuong, Christina, and Weger-Lucarelli, James

Subjects
*REVERSE genetics, *VIROLOGY, *VIRAL mutation, *ALPHAVIRUS diseases, *VIRAL genomes, *CHIKUNGUNYA virus, *VIRUS cloning
Abstract

Alphaviruses (genus Alphavirus ; family Togaviridae) are a medically relevant family of viruses that include chikungunya virus and Mayaro virus. Infectious cDNA clones of these viruses are necessary molecular tools to understand viral biology. Traditionally, rescuing virus from an infectious cDNA clone requires propagating plasmids in bacteria, which can result in mutations in the viral genome due to bacterial toxicity or recombination and requires specialized equipment and knowledge to propagate the bacteria. Here, we present an alternative- rolling circle amplification (RCA), an in vitro technology. We demonstrate that the viral yield of transfected RCA product is comparable to midiprepped plasmid, albeit with a slight delay in kinetics. RCA, however, is cheaper and less time-consuming. Further, sequential RCA did not introduce mutations into the viral genome, subverting the need for glycerol stocks and retransformation. These results indicate that RCA is a viable alternative to traditional plasmid-based approaches to viral rescue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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23. Reports from Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology Describe Recent Advances in Pseudorabies (A Single Amino Acid Substitution in the Transmembrane Domain of Glycoprotein H Functionally Compensates for the Absence of gL in...).

Subjects
TRANSMEMBRANE domains, MOLECULAR virology, CYTOLOGY, DNA virus diseases, VIRUS diseases, AUJESZKY'S disease virus
Abstract

A recent report from the Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology in Greifswald Insel Riems, Germany, discusses the role of viral glycoproteins in herpesvirus entry. The researchers studied a gL-deleted pseudorabies virus mutant and discovered that a single amino acid substitution in the transmembrane domain of glycoprotein H (gH) compensated for the absence of gL in virus entry and cell-cell fusion assays. The study highlights the complexity of herpesvirus fusion and sheds light on the role of the gH transmembrane domain in fusion regulation. This research was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

24. Studies from Institute for Molecular Virology Yield New Information about Influenza A Virus (Replication-incompetent Influenza a Viruses Armed With Ifn-y Effectively Mediate Immune Modulation and Tumor Destruction In Mice Harboring Lung Cancer).

Subjects
INFLUENZA A virus, INFLUENZA viruses, MOLECULAR virology, IMMUNOREGULATION, LUNG cancer, H7N9 Influenza
Abstract

A study conducted in Munster, Germany, has found that genetically engineered nonreplicating influenza A viruses (IAVs) armed with interferon-gamma (IFN-y) effectively mediate immune modulation and tumor destruction in mice with lung cancer. These replication-incompetent IAVs were able to induce potent tumor destruction and activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages, resulting in a reduction of tumors by 85% at day 12 post-infection. The researchers concluded that these viruses represent a promising therapeutic option for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

25. Viral Molecular Machines

Author

Michael G. Rossmann, Venigalla B. Rao, Michael G. Rossmann, and Venigalla B. Rao

Subjects
Virology, Computational biology, Molecular virology
Abstract

This book will contain a series of solicited chapters that concern with the molecular machines required by viruses to perform various essential functions of virus life cycle. The first three chapters (Introduction, Molecular Machines and Virus Architecture) introduce the reader to the best known molecular machines and to the structure of viruses. The remainder of the book will examine in detail various stages of the viral life cycle. Beginning with the viral entry into a host cell, the book takes the reader through replication of the genome, synthesis and assembly of viral structural components, genome packaging and maturation into an infectious virion. Each chapter will describe the components of the respective machine in molecular or atomic detail, genetic and biochemical analyses, and mechanism. Topics are carefully selected so that the reader is exposed to systems where there is a substantial infusion of new knowledge in recent years, which greatly elevated the fundamental mechanistic understanding of the respective molecular machine. The authors will be encouraged to simplify the detailed knowledge to basic concepts, include provocative new ideas, as well as design colorful graphics, thus making the cutting-edge information accessible to broad audience.

Published
2012

26. Researchers from University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Report Findings in Influenza A Virus (Genetic Characterization of a New Candidate Hemagglutinin Subtype of Influenza a Viruses).

Subjects
INFLUENZA viruses, INFLUENZA A virus, VETERINARY medicine, RESEARCH personnel, RNA virus infections, MOLECULAR virology, VIRAL shedding
Abstract

Researchers from the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna have discovered a new candidate subtype of the Influenza A Virus, called H19. The subtype was found in a Common Pochard bird in Kazakhstan in 2008 and has a significant genetic distance from previously known subtypes. The researchers suggest that this new subtype should be included in diagnostic assays to aid in its detection and further study. This research provides valuable information about the circulation of influenza viruses in wild birds, particularly in migratory hotspots like central Asia. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

27. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Researchers Update Knowledge of Hepatitis B Virus (Characterization of Hepatitis B virus based complete genome analysis improves molecular surveillance and enables identification of a...).

Subjects
HEPATITIS B virus, MOLECULAR virology, RESEARCH personnel, GENOMES, PUBLIC health, DIGESTIVE system diseases
Abstract

A recent report from the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment in the Netherlands provides new data on the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The study highlights the importance of analyzing the complete genome of HBV for accurate characterization and surveillance of circulating strains. Currently, separate assays are used for typing and gaining insight into transmission patterns. The researchers developed a complete genome PCR-assay and found that it provided higher genetic resolution and enabled the identification of a recombinant C/D strain in the Netherlands. This research contributes to a better understanding of HBV and its circulation patterns. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

28. Study Results from Federal Centre for Animal Health Broaden Understanding of Rabies Virus (Phylogenetic Characterization of Rabies Virus Field Isolates Collected from Animals in European Russian Regions in 2009-2022).

Subjects
ANIMAL health, MEDICAL centers, RABIES virus, MOLECULAR epidemiology, RABIES, MOLECULAR virology, SPECIES distribution
Abstract

A recent study conducted by the Federal Centre for Animal Health in Russia focused on the molecular epidemiology of the rabies virus (RABV) in European Russian regions. The researchers analyzed 94 RABV field isolates collected from animals in 13 different regions and found that all isolates belonged to either group C or group D, which are part of the clade Cosmopolitan of RABVs. The study also discussed the potential contribution of local bat species to the distribution of RABVs. The findings of this study could have important implications for the control and surveillance of animal rabies epidemiology in the region. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

29. Reports on Rabies Virus from University of Glasgow Provide New Insights (Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology).

Subjects
WHOLE genome sequencing, RABIES virus, RNA virus infections, MOLECULAR virology
Abstract

Keywords: Glasgow; United Kingdom; Europe; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Lyssavirus; Mononegavirales; Mononegavirales Infections; RNA Viruses; Rabies; Rabies Virus; Rhabdoviridae; Rhabdoviridae Infections; Risk and Prevention; Technology; Vertebrate Viruses; Viral; Virology EN Glasgow United Kingdom Europe Genetics Health and Medicine Lyssavirus Mononegavirales Mononegavirales Infections RNA Viruses Rabies Rabies Virus Rhabdoviridae Rhabdoviridae Infections Risk and Prevention Technology Vertebrate Viruses Viral Virology 396 396 1 11/06/23 20231112 NES 231112 2023 NOV 7 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at TB & Outbreaks Week -- Current study results on RNA Viruses - Rabies Virus have been published. We conclude that setting up rabies virus genomic surveillance in LMICs is feasible and can support progress toward the global goal of zero dogmediated human rabies deaths by 2030, as well as enhanced monitoring of wildlife rabies spread.". [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

30. Study Results from Suez Canal University Provide New Insights into Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) (The Occurrence of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza H9 Viruses in Broiler Farms Within Ismailia Province, Egypt).

Subjects
AVIAN influenza A virus, AVIAN influenza, POULTRY farms, H7N9 Influenza, RNA virus infections, VETERINARY virology, MOLECULAR virology, VIRAL shedding
Abstract

Animal Diseases and Conditions, Avian Diseases and Conditions, Avian Influenza (Bird Flu), Bird Diseases and Conditions, Bird Flu, Genetics, Health and Medicine, Influenza in Birds, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Poultry Diseases and Conditions, RNA Virus Infections, Virology, Viruses Keywords: Animal Diseases and Conditions; Avian Diseases and Conditions; Avian Influenza (Bird Flu); Bird Diseases and Conditions; Bird Flu; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Influenza in Birds; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Poultry Diseases and Conditions; RNA Virus Infections; Virology; Viruses EN Animal Diseases and Conditions Avian Diseases and Conditions Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Bird Diseases and Conditions Bird Flu Genetics Health and Medicine Influenza in Birds Orthomyxoviridae Infections Poultry Diseases and Conditions RNA Virus Infections Virology Viruses 2332 2332 1 10/30/23 20231103 NES 231103 2023 NOV 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at TB & Outbreaks Week -- Research findings on avian influenza (bird flu) are discussed in a new report. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

31. Investigators at Chinese Academy of Sciences Describe Findings in Hepatitis E Virus (Genetic Characterizations of Toll-like Receptors In the Brown Rat and Their Associations With Pathogen Infections).

Subjects
HEPATITIS E virus, TOLL-like receptors, RATTUS norvegicus, RNA virus infections, PATHOGENIC microorganisms, MOLECULAR virology
Abstract

Keywords: Beijing; People's Republic of China; Asia; Alphaproteobacteria; Bartonellaceae; Digestive System Diseases and Conditions; Genetics; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Hantavirus; Health and Medicine; Hepatitis E Virus; Hepatitis Viruses; Hepatology; Hepevirus; Immunology; Liver Diseases and Conditions; Membrane Proteins; Pattern Recognition Receptors; Proteobacteria; RNA Virus Infections; RNA Viruses; Risk and Prevention; Toll-Like Receptors; Viral; Virology EN Beijing People's Republic of China Asia Alphaproteobacteria Bartonellaceae Digestive System Diseases and Conditions Genetics Gram-Negative Bacteria Hantavirus Health and Medicine Hepatitis E Virus Hepatitis Viruses Hepatology Hepevirus Immunology Liver Diseases and Conditions Membrane Proteins Pattern Recognition Receptors Proteobacteria RNA Virus Infections RNA Viruses Risk and Prevention Toll-Like Receptors Viral Virology 783 783 1 10/30/23 20231030 NES 231030 2023 NOV 3 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Hepatitis Weekly -- A new study on Liver Diseases and Conditions - Hepatitis E Virus is now available. Beijing, People's Republic of China, Asia, Alphaproteobacteria, Bartonellaceae, Digestive System Diseases and Conditions, Genetics, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Hantavirus, Health and Medicine, Hepatitis E Virus, Hepatitis Viruses, Hepatology, Hepevirus, Immunology, Liver Diseases and Conditions, Membrane Proteins, Pattern Recognition Receptors, Proteobacteria, RNA Virus Infections, RNA Viruses, Risk and Prevention, Toll-Like Receptors, Viral, Virology. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

32. Ministry of Education Reports Findings in Metapneumovirus (Epidemiology, genetic characteristics and association with meteorological factors of human metapneumovirus infection in children in southern China: a ten-year retrospective study).

Subjects
HUMAN metapneumovirus infection, EPIDEMIOLOGY, RETROSPECTIVE studies, MOLECULAR virology
Abstract

Keywords: Guangzhou; People's Republic of China; Asia; China; Epidemiology; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Human Metapneumovirus; Metapneumovirus; Paramyxoviridae; Pediatrics; Pneumovirinae; RNA Viruses; Risk and Prevention; Viral; Virology EN Guangzhou People's Republic of China Asia China Epidemiology Genetics Health and Medicine Human Metapneumovirus Metapneumovirus Paramyxoviridae Pediatrics Pneumovirinae RNA Viruses Risk and Prevention Viral Virology 331 331 1 10/24/23 20231027 NES 231027 2023 OCT 28 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pediatrics Week -- New research on RNA Viruses - Metapneumovirus is the subject of a report. For more information on this research see: Epidemiology, genetic characteristics and association with meteorological factors of human metapneumovirus infection in children in southern China: a ten-year retrospective study. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

34. Clinical evaluation of the new Roche platform of serological and molecular cytomegalovirus-specific assays in the diagnosis and prognosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

Author

Chiereghin, Angela, Pavia, Claudia, Gabrielli, Liliana, Piccirilli, Giulia, Squarzoni, Diego, Turello, Gabriele, Gibertoni, Dino, Simonazzi, Giuliana, Capretti, Maria Grazia, Lanari, Marcello, and Lazzarotto, Tiziana

Subjects
*CYTOMEGALOVIRUS disease diagnosis, *CYTOMEGALOVIRUS diseases, *SEROLOGY, *MOLECULAR virology, *IMMUNOGLOBULIN G, *PROGNOSIS
Abstract

Clinical evaluation of the Elecsys ® CMV IgM, IgG, IgG Avidity and COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan CMV (COBAS CMV) assays (Roche Diagnostics AG) in the diagnosis and prognosis of congenital CMV infection was performed. In this study, 150 preselected clinical samples (50 primary infection sera, 50 amniotic fluid [AF] and 50 newborn urine) were processed using Roche serological/molecular CMV-specific tests. Results were compared with those obtained by routine assays (comparator assays). The Elecsys ® CMV IgM and IgG assays showed a perfect agreement (100%) with the comparator assays. Using the combination of the Elecsys ® CMV IgM and IgG Avidity assays results, a primary infection was identified in 100% of cases. Inappropriate avidity CMV IgG values in two samples with very low IgG values ( < 6 AU/mL) were observed. COBAS CMV assay showed an agreement equal to 98% and 100% with comparator assays by processing AF and urine samples, respectively. Among AF with quantitative results, Lin's concordance correlation was 0.933 and comparator-COBAS CMV assays gave CMV-DNA loads differing by <0.5 log 10 DNA. Finally, higher CMV-DNA levels in AF samples were associated with a symptomatic outcome (p = 0.003). The Roche CMV-specific assays compared well with the comparator assays, thus providing to be suitable for clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Enterovirus D-68 Molecular Virology, Epidemiology, and Treatment: an Update and Way Forward

Author

Notila Fayed, Souad Alkanj, Ahmed Wadaa Allah, and Mahmoud Ahmed Ebada

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Serotype, 030106 microbiology, Picornaviridae, Enterovirus D, Biology, Disease Outbreaks, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Enterovirus Infections, Humans, Child, Enterovirus, Enterovirus D, Human, Pharmacology, Outbreak, RNA virus, General Medicine, Myelitis, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Acute flaccid myelitis, Europe, Molecular Medicine, Molecular virology, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology
Abstract

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus, and it is one of the family members of Picornaviridae. Except for EV-D68, the entire family Picornaviridae has been illustrated in literature. EV-D68 was first discovered and isolated in California, USA, in 1962. EV-D68 has resulted in respiratory disorders’ outbreaks among children worldwide, and it has been detected in cases of various neurological diseases such as acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). A recent study documented a higher number of EV-D68 cases associated with AFM in Europe in 2016 compared to the 2014 outbreak. EV-D68 is mainly diagnosed by quantitative PCR, and there is an affirmative strategy for EV-D68 detection by using pan-EV PCR on the untranslated region and/or the VP1 or VP2, followed by sequencing of the PCR products. Serological tests are limited due to cross-reactivity of the antigens between the different serotypes. Many antiviral drugs for EV-D68 have been evaluated and showed promising results. In our review, we discuss the current knowledge about EV-D68 and its role in the development of AFM.

Published
2021

36. Isolation and identification of peste des petits ruminants virus from goats in Egyptian governorates

Author

Sahar Ahmed, Wafaa Abd El Wahab Hosny, Mohammed Abd El-Fatah Mahmoud, and Mervat Mahmoud

Subjects
040301 veterinary sciences, Veterinary medicine, Virulence, SF1-1100, Virus, 0403 veterinary science, Antigen, SF600-1100, Seroprevalence, small ruminants, Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants, General Veterinary, biology, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, Virology, Animal culture, peste des petits ruminants, serological study, molecular virology, Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus, biology.protein, Vero cell, Antibody, Research Article
Abstract

Background and Aim: The peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious disease of small ruminants which negatively affects animal production and the socioeconomic status of farmers. Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) encodes eight proteins, with the viral fusion protein (F) playing a role in virus virulence and stimulating an effective protective immune response. This study aimed to isolate and complete the identification of PPRV circulating in goats in different Egyptian governorates and perform molecular characterization of the PPRV F gene. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from unvaccinated animals with clinical signs suggestive of PPR. A total of 256 sera were tested for the detection of PPRV antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) kit, while 214 samples of blood buffy coat preparation, animal swabs (nasal, ocular, and saliva), and fecal and tissue samples were tested for the detection of the PPRV antigen using an antigen-capture ELISA kit. Molecular diagnosis, gene cloning, blast analysis, and phylogenetic analysis were performed for the molecular characterization of PPRV. Results: The seroprevalence results of PPRV antibodies in the tested sera showed a total of 67.9% positive samples. The rates of PPR antigen recorded by the antigen-capture ELISA in the swabs (nasal and ocular) and tissue samples were 44.3%, 46.8%, and 43.5%, respectively, with saliva swabs having the highest rate of PPRV positivity (76.4%) and fecal samples having the lowest (33.3%). Molecular characterization of the PPRV Vero cell culture revealed that the circulating PPRV strain belongs to the IV lineage. Blast analysis of the PPRV F gene showed 96.7% identity with the PPRV strain Egypt-2014 fusion protein (F) gene, KT006589.1, differing by 43 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the emerging PPRV belongs to the IV lineage among small ruminant animals. The findings also indicate the need for an innovative strategy to control and eliminate this disease based on a regularly administered and effective vaccine, a test to distinguish between infected and vaccinated animals, and the need for further study on the protein structure and PPRV F gene expression, which should help us to understand the molecular evolution of the virus and control and eliminate PPR disease.

Published
2021

37. Hemorrhagic fevers of viral nature. State of the problem and directions for creating effective means of prevention and treatment

Author

A. V. Stepanov, A. L. Buzmakova, M. A. Yudin, A. V. Potapova, and V. Ya. Apchel

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, biology, business.industry, 030106 microbiology, Filoviridae, medicine.disease, Priority areas, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 03 medical and health sciences, Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, Hemorrhagic Fevers, Flaviviridae, 030104 developmental biology, medicine, Molecular virology, Bunyaviridae, Lassa fever, business
Abstract

An attempt to summarize the data of available information materials on epidemiological aspects, the state and prospects of prevention and treatment of hemorrhagic fevers was. Hemorrhagic fevers of viral nature-zoonotic diseases caused by viruses containing ribonucleic acid are classified into 4 families: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae and Flaviviridae. They are spread all over the world, and their pathogens are easily transmitted from person to person, thereby spreading quickly enough beyond the main focus of biological infection. That is why the causative agents of hemorrhagic fevers are regarded as highly contagious biological agents, and agents bioterrorism. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective means of specific prevention and treatment of these infections, and therapeutic measures are limited to the use of symptomatic means. In this regard, the search for substances with pronounced antiviral activity against pathogens of hemorrhagic fevers that can effectively protect against these infections, as well as prevent their occurrence and spread is one of the priority areas of research in modern Infectology, and with the involvement of modern achievements in the field of molecular Virology and genetic engineering. The data obtained in this regard allow a more in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fevers, the mechanisms of interaction of the pathogen with the host at the cellular level, the mechanisms of intracellular replication of viruses, the formation of the hosts response to viral invasion and clinical manifestations of diseases.

Published
2020

38. Rolling circle amplification: A high fidelity and efficient alternative to plasmid preparation for the rescue of infectious clones

Author

Christina Chuong, James Weger-Lucarelli, and Jeffrey M. Marano

Subjects
DNA, Complementary, Infectious clone, Alphaviruses, viruses, Bacteria-free, Alphavirus, Genome, Viral, Article, Molecular virology, Virus, Viral rescue, 03 medical and health sciences, Plasmid, Cricetinae, Virology, Chlorocebus aethiops, Animals, Humans, Vero Cells, 030304 developmental biology, Plasmid preparation, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, Fibroblasts, biology.organism_classification, HEK293 Cells, Rolling circle replication, Togaviridae, Rolling circle amplification, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Abstract

Alphaviruses (genus Alphavirus; family Togaviridae) are a medically relevant family of viruses that include chikungunya virus and Mayaro virus. Infectious cDNA clones of these viruses are necessary molecular tools to understand viral biology. Traditionally, rescuing virus from an infectious cDNA clone requires propagating plasmids in bacteria, which can result in mutations in the viral genome due to bacterial toxicity or recombination and requires specialized equipment and knowledge to propagate the bacteria. Here, we present an alternative- rolling circle amplification (RCA), an in vitro technology. We demonstrate that the viral yield of transfected RCA product is comparable to midiprepped plasmid, albeit with a slight delay in kinetics. RCA, however, is cheaper and less time-consuming. Further, sequential RCA did not introduce mutations into the viral genome, subverting the need for glycerol stocks and retransformation. These results indicate that RCA is a viable alternative to traditional plasmid-based approaches to viral rescue.

Published
2020

39. Replication and single-cycle delivery of SARS-CoV-2 replicons

Author

Charles M. Rice, Margaret R. MacDonald, Inês M. B. Veiga, Javier Fernandez-Martinez, Bettina Salome Trüeb, Avery Peace, Joseph M. Luna, Eleftherios Michailidis, Tran Thi Nhu Thao, Paul D. Bieniasz, Francisco J. Sánchez-Rivera, Theodora Hatziioannou, Volker Thiel, H.-Heinrich Hoffmann, Fabian Schmidt, Scott W. Lowe, Yingpu Yu, Brandon S. Razooky, Inna Ricardo-Lax, Michael P. Rout, William M. Schneider, Nadine Ebert, Yiska Weisblum, Jérémie Le Pen, Kimberly Schmied, and John T. Poirier

Subjects
medicine.drug_class, viruses, 610 Medicine & health, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Biology, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Antibodies, Viral, Virus Replication, Antiviral Agents, Neutralization, Article, Cell Line, medicine, Animals, Humans, Viral Pseudotyping, Replicon, Host factor, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, 630 Agriculture, SARS-CoV-2, fungi, Virion, 500 Science, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Virology, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Reverse genetics, Replication (computing), Reverse Genetics, chemistry, Mutation, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Molecular virology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), RNA, Viral, Interferons, Antiviral drug, Glycoprotein, Plasmids
Abstract

A tool to study SARS-CoV-2 Work with infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires high-level biocontainment facilities, making it important to develop safer molecular tools that can potentially be used under less stringent conditions. Self-replicating RNAs known as replicons have long been used to study pathogenic RNA viruses; however, developing replicons to study SARS-SoV-2 has been challenging because of its large genome. Ricardo-Lax et al . used a yeast-based system to construct SARS-CoV-2 replicons that cannot assemble infectious virus because they lack the spike protein required for host cell entry. Transfecting cells with a spike-expressing plasmid and separately with the replicon generates replicon delivery particles (RDPs) that are only capable of one cycle of infection. The replicons and the RDPs can be used in different contexts for drug screening, and viral assays. —VV

Published
2021

40. Reports from University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Describe Recent Advances in Viremia (Nonsuppressible Viremia During Hiv-1 Therapy Meets Molecular Virology).

Subjects
MOLECULAR virology, VIREMIA, HIV, VIRUS diseases, BK virus
Abstract

These mutations altered viral RNA-splicing efficiency and RNA dimerization and packaging, yet still allowed production of detectable levels of noninfectious virus particles. Keywords: Chapel Hill; State:North Carolina; United States; North and Central America; Drugs and Therapies; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Therapy; Viral RNA; Viremia; Virology; Virus Diseases and Conditions EN Chapel Hill State:North Carolina United States North and Central America Drugs and Therapies Genetics Health and Medicine Therapy Viral RNA Viremia Virology Virus Diseases and Conditions 1774 1774 1 06/19/23 20230623 NES 230623 2023 JUN 23 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Drug Week -- Investigators publish new report on Virology - Viremia. Chapel Hill, State:North Carolina, United States, North and Central America, Drugs and Therapies, Genetics, Health and Medicine, Therapy, Viral RNA, Viremia, Virology, Virus Diseases and Conditions. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

41. Researchers from Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto Discuss Findings in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (Genetic Differences of Dengue Virus 2 In Patients With Distinct Clinical Outcome).

Subjects
DENGUE viruses, DENGUE hemorrhagic fever, SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms, RNA virus infections, RNA viruses, SEROTYPES, MOLECULAR virology
Abstract

Keywords: Sao Jose do Rio Preto; Brazil; South America; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever; Dengue Virus; Epidemiology; Flaviviridae; Flavivirus; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Mosquito-Borne Diseases; RNA Viruses; Viral; Virology EN Sao Jose do Rio Preto Brazil South America Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Dengue Virus Epidemiology Flaviviridae Flavivirus Genetics Health and Medicine Mosquito-Borne Diseases RNA Viruses Viral Virology 1510 1510 1 06/19/23 20230622 NES 230622 2023 JUN 23 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Zika & Mosquito Week -- Investigators publish new report on Mosquito-Borne Diseases - Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Keywords for this news article include: Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil, South America, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Dengue Virus, Epidemiology, Flaviviridae, Flavivirus, Genetics, Health and Medicine, Mosquito-Borne Diseases, RNA Viruses, Viral, Virology, Faculdade de Medicina de Sao Jose do Rio Preto. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

42. New Influenza A Virus Subtype H1N1 Research from Peking University Discussed (Phylogenetic analysis of HA and NA genes of influenza A viruses in immunosuppressed inpatients in Beijing during the 2018-2020 influenza seasons).

Subjects
INFLUENZA A virus, H1N1 subtype, INFLUENZA viruses, INFLUENZA A virus, VIRAL shedding, INFLUENZA, MOLECULAR virology, VIRAL antigens, PARAINFLUENZA viruses
Abstract

By analyzing the HA and NA gene sequences of these virus strains, we found that all A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses shared high similarities to each other and the HA and NA genes of these viruses exclusively belonged to subclade 6B.1A.1. Keywords: Epidemiology; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Infectious Disease; Influenza A Virus; Influenza A Virus Subtype H1N1; Orthomyxoviridae; RNA Viruses; Risk and Prevention; Swine Flu; Swine Influenza; Vertebrate Viruses; Viral; Virology; Viruses EN Epidemiology Genetics Health and Medicine Infectious Disease Influenza A Virus Influenza A Virus Subtype H1N1 Orthomyxoviridae RNA Viruses Risk and Prevention Swine Flu Swine Influenza Vertebrate Viruses Viral Virology Viruses 1003 1003 1 06/12/23 20230618 NES 230618 2023 JUN 16 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at TB & Outbreaks Week -- Research findings on influenza A virus subtype H1N1 are discussed in a new report. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

43. New Influenza A Virus Subtype H5N1 Research from Deakin University Discussed (Epidemiology and molecular characterization of avian influenza A viruses H5N1 and H3N8 subtypes in poultry farms and live bird markets in Bangladesh).

Subjects
INFLUENZA A virus, H5N1 subtype, POULTRY farms, POULTRY farming, MOLECULAR virology, RNA virus infections, AVIAN influenza A virus, VIRAL shedding
Abstract

Keywords: Agriculture; Animal Diseases and Conditions; Asia; Avian Diseases and Conditions; Avian Influenza (Bird Flu); Bangladesh; Bird Diseases and Conditions; Bird Flu; Genetics; Health and Medicine; Influenza A Virus; Influenza A Virus Subtype H5N1; Influenza in Birds; Orthomyxoviridae; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Poultry Diseases and Conditions; Poultry Farming; RNA Virus Infections; RNA Viruses; Risk and Prevention; Vertebrate Viruses; Viral; Virology; Viruses EN Agriculture Animal Diseases and Conditions Asia Avian Diseases and Conditions Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Bangladesh Bird Diseases and Conditions Bird Flu Genetics Health and Medicine Influenza A Virus Influenza A Virus Subtype H5N1 Influenza in Birds Orthomyxoviridae Orthomyxoviridae Infections Poultry Diseases and Conditions Poultry Farming RNA Virus Infections RNA Viruses Risk and Prevention Vertebrate Viruses Viral Virology Viruses 805 805 1 06/05/23 20230609 NES 230609 2023 JUN 9 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at TB & Outbreaks Week -- Researchers detail new data in influenza A virus subtype H5N1. For more information on this research see: Epidemiology and molecular characterization of avian influenza A viruses H5N1 and H3N8 subtypes in poultry farms and live bird markets in Bangladesh. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

45. New Zoonoses Study Findings Have Been Published by a Researcher at Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (Zoonotic Animal Influenza Virus and Potential Mixing Vessel Hosts).

Subjects
MOLECULAR virology, INFLUENZA viruses, CYTOLOGY, ZOONOSES, AVIAN influenza A virus
Abstract

Keywords: Health and Medicine; Risk and Prevention; Virology; Viruses; Zoonoses; Zoonosis; Zoonotic EN Health and Medicine Risk and Prevention Virology Viruses Zoonoses Zoonosis Zoonotic 720 720 1 05/02/23 20230505 NES 230505 2023 MAY 5 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Medical Letter on the CDC & FDA -- New research on zoonoses is the subject of a new report. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic overshadowed the high risk raised by animal influenza viruses, but highlighted the role of wildlife as a reservoir for pandemic viruses. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

46. Induced pluripotent stem cells: A new addition to the virologists armamentarium.

Author

Kuadkitkan, Atichat, Wikan, Nitwara, and Smith, Duncan R.

Subjects
*PLURIPOTENT stem cells, *VIROLOGISTS, *MOLECULAR virology, *VIRAL replication, *CYTOLOGY
Abstract

A significant amount of our understanding of the molecular events occurring during viral replication has originated from studies utilizing cell lines. These cell lines are normally obtained by the culture of samples from spontaneously occurring tumors or are derived by genetic manipulation of primary cells. The genetic events inducing immortalization and/or transformation to allow continual passage in culture can have profound effects resulting in a marked loss of cell type fidelity. The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized the field of developmental biology and is ushering in an era of personalized medicine for a wide range of inherited genetic diseases. Previously, development of iPSCs required dedicated facilities as well as highly detailed technical knowledge. The pace of development in this field however has been so rapid, that iPSCs are moving into an era of “off the shelf” use, whereby the use and manipulation of these cells is well within the ability of the majority of laboratories with standard tissue culture facilities. The introduction of iPSCs to studies in the field of virology is still in its infancy, and so far has been largely confined to viruses that are difficult to propagate in other experimental systems, but it is likely that this technology will become a standard methodology in the virologists armamentarium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Command Hospital Reports Findings in Enterovirus [Clinical profile and molecular typing of viral etiological agents associated with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD): A study from Udhampur, Northern India].

Subjects
FOOT & mouth disease, ENTEROVIRUS diseases, MOLECULAR virology, MEDICAL microbiology, BLOOD cell count, HOSPITALS
Abstract

Keywords: Udhampur; India; Asia; Enterovirus; Pediatrics; RNA Viruses; Risk and Prevention; Viral; Virology EN Udhampur India Asia Enterovirus Pediatrics RNA Viruses Risk and Prevention Viral Virology 108 108 1 03/23/23 20230324 NES 230324 2023 MAR 25 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pediatrics Week -- New research on RNA Viruses - Enterovirus is the subject of a report. According to news originating from Udhampur, India, by NewsRx correspondents, research stated, "Hand, Foot and Mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious pediatric viral disease caused due to enteroviruses (EV) of the family Picornaviridae. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

48. Reports Outline Hepatitis B Virus Study Results from Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Hepatitis B virus X protein induces ALDH2 ubiquitin-dependent degradation to enhance alcoholic steatohepatitis).

Subjects
HEPATITIS B virus, VIRAL proteins, FATTY liver, HEPATITIS B, SEROCONVERSION, MOLECULAR virology, DIGESTIVE system diseases
Abstract

For more information on this research see: Hepatitis B virus X protein induces ALDH2 ubiquitin-dependent degradation to enhance alcoholic steatohepatitis. Keywords: Acetaldehyde; Aldehydes; DNA Viruses; Digestive System Diseases and Conditions; Gastroenterology; Health and Medicine; Hepadnaviridae; Hepadnaviridae Infections; Hepatitis; Hepatitis B Virus; Hepatology; Infectious Diseases and Conditions; Liver Diseases and Conditions; Orthohepadnavirus; Peptides and Proteins; Proteins; Proteomics; Risk and Prevention; Ubiquitins; Viral; Virology EN Acetaldehyde Aldehydes DNA Viruses Digestive System Diseases and Conditions Gastroenterology Health and Medicine Hepadnaviridae Hepadnaviridae Infections Hepatitis Hepatitis B Virus Hepatology Infectious Diseases and Conditions Liver Diseases and Conditions Orthohepadnavirus Peptides and Proteins Proteins Proteomics Risk and Prevention Ubiquitins Viral Virology 458 458 1 03/23/23 20230324 NES 230324 2023 MAR 20 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Hepatitis Weekly -- A new study on hepatitis B virus is now available. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

49. Researchers from Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology Provide Details of New Studies and Findings in the Area of Rabies Virus (From Field Tests to Molecular Tools-Evaluating Diagnostic Tests to Improve Rabies Surveillance in Namibia).

Subjects
MOLECULAR virology, RABIES virus, CYTOLOGY, RABIES, DIAGNOSIS methods, REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, DOG bites
Abstract

To this end, rabies diagnosis at the Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL) was improved in the frame of a World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) laboratory twinning program: from practical sampling techniques and the use of lateral flow devices to a novel universal and discriminatory quantitative real-time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), which easily identify dog-associated rabies viruses." Keywords: Health and Medicine; Mononegavirales Infections; RNA Viruses; Rabies; Rabies Virus; Rhabdoviridae Infections; Risk and Prevention; Veterinarian; Veterinary; Viral; Virology EN Health and Medicine Mononegavirales Infections RNA Viruses Rabies Rabies Virus Rhabdoviridae Infections Risk and Prevention Veterinarian Veterinary Viral Virology 523 523 1 03/23/23 20230317 NES 230317 2023 MAR 14 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at TB & Outbreaks Week -- Researchers detail new data in rabies virus. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

50. First stem cells from a bat species known to harbor SARS-CoV-2 could shed light on virus survival and molecular adaptability.

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, STEM cells, MOLECULAR virology
Abstract

Keywords: Asymptomatic Infection; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Epidemiology; Government Agencies Offices and Entities; Hospitals; Immunology; Mortality; RNA Viruses; Risk and Prevention; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; The Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine; Viral; Virology EN Asymptomatic Infection COVID-19 Coronavirus Epidemiology Government Agencies Offices and Entities Hospitals Immunology Mortality RNA Viruses Risk and Prevention SARS-CoV-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 The Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine Viral Virology 2023 MAR 10 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at NewsRx COVID-19 Weekly -- Researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have generated the first induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from bats, gaining valuable insights into the close relationship between bats and viruses. ------------------------------------------------------- Mount Sinai Health System member hospitals: The Mount Sinai Hospital; Mount Sinai Beth Israel; Mount Sinai Brooklyn; Mount Sinai Morningside; Mount Sinai Queens; Mount Sinai South Nassau; Mount Sinai West; and New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023

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