1. Innate Immune Receptors as Competitive Determinants of Cell Fate.
- Author
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Franz KM and Kagan JC
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacteria immunology, Bacteria pathogenicity, Bacterial Infections immunology, Bacterial Infections microbiology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Ligands, Phagocytes immunology, Phagocytes metabolism, Phagocytes microbiology, Phagocytes virology, Phagocytosis, Pyroptosis, Receptors, Immunologic immunology, Virulence, Virus Diseases immunology, Virus Diseases microbiology, Viruses immunology, Viruses pathogenicity, Bacteria metabolism, Bacterial Infections metabolism, Immunity, Innate, Receptors, Immunologic metabolism, Signal Transduction, Virus Diseases metabolism, Viruses metabolism
- Abstract
Infections can cause a multitude of stresses on the host and microbe. To detect potential infections, the mammalian immune system utilizes several families of pattern recognition receptors, which survey the intracellular and extracellular environments for microbial products. Members of each receptor family induce antimicrobial effector responses, which include inflammatory cytokine or interferon expression, downregulation of protein synthesis, or host cell death. In this review, we discuss the benefits of each of these innate immune responses. We highlight how non-infectious bacteria and viruses typically activate a single family of receptors, which results in a predictable host response. Infections with virulent pathogens, in contrast, may activate receptors from distinct families. As each receptor family may induce responses that antagonize or synergize with the activities of another family, cell fate decisions during pathogenic encounters are unpredictable. Understanding the antagonistic antimicrobial activities of the innate immune system should provide insight into how cell fate decisions are made during infections and potentially during other environmental stresses., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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