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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macula in patients with primary optic neuropathy has revealed the presence of structural changes in the neurosensory retina in addition to the nerve fibre layer. Subretinal fluid has been documented in papilloedema and non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy, and may account for decreased visual acuity in affected patients. Subretinal fluid has also been described from other causes of optic nerve head swelling including diabetic papillopathy and papillitis. Drugs used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, such as corticosteroids and fingolimod can cause decreased vision due to central serous and cystoid macular oedema sometimes confused with recurrent optic neuritis. A subset of patients with various types of optic atrophy show microcystic changes in the inner nuclear layer on spectral domain OCT imaging. The pathophysiology and visual significance of these retinal changes remain unclear, but may affect the diagnosis and management of optic nerve disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the case of a 68-year-old man who complained of intermittent foggy vision in both eyes and increased photosensitivity. The patient's medical history is provided as well as his medications for diabetes mellitus. Results of several examinations performed on the patients are discussed including anterior segment and fluorescein angiography. The differential diagnosis of white-centered retinal hemorrhages is discussed.

The article presents a case study of a 40-year-old woman who presented with decreased vision and a retinal lesion in her left eye. The patient’s blood cultures were obtained. Vitreous biopsy revealed acute and chronic inflammatory cells with fungi present; pseudohyphae without septations and a wide-angle branching pattern that were characteristic of Candida indicating systemic candidemia were observed; intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals were given.