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This paper presents a method for the construction of a graphene paste electrode (GPE) from reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The GPE was successfully used for the determination of medetomidine. The influence of some experimental variables such as pH, supporting electrolyte, scan rate, and possible interferences were studied. Differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) peak currents of medetomidine increased linearly with its concentration in the range from 0.009 to 2.5 µM. The limit of detection ( LOD) and limit of quantitation ( LOQ) values for the determination of medetomidine were 2.8 and 9.2 nM, respectively. Also, for the first time, the electroreduction behavior of medetomidine was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Graphene is ideally suited for implementation in electrochemical applications due to its reported large electrical conductivity, large surface area, unique heterogeneous electron transfer rate, and low production cost. This paper presents a method for the construction of graphene paste electrode (GPE) from reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Direct electrochemical detection of drug is of high importance in analytical chemistry. Here, the GPE was successfully used for the determination of acetazolamide (ACZ). So, the influence of some experimental variables such as working solution pH, supporting electrolyte, scan rate, pulse amplitude, and possible interferences were studied. The proposed sensor exhibited a high sensitivity and good selectivity, and it was applied for clinical evaluation of ACZ. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A carbon paste electrode modified with cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) was prepared and used for low level chlorpromazine (CPZ) determination in biological samples. The measurement was made using differential pulse voltammetry. The influence of some experimental variables such as carbon paste composition, working solution pH, supporting electrolyte, scan rate, pulse amplitude and possible interferences were studied. The modified carbon paste electrode exhibited a linear current response over the concentration range between 0.002 and 1.0μMCPZ, with a detection limit of 0.6nM. The proposed sensor exhibited a high sensitivity, good selectivity and was successfully applied for clinical evaluation of CPZ. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A carbon paste electrode modified with gold nanoparticle was prepared and used for low level acetazolamide (ACZ) determination in aqueous media. The measurement was made using differential pulse voltammetry. The influence of some experimental variables such as carbon paste composition, working solution pH, supporting electrolyte, scan rate, pulse amplitude and possible interferences were studied. The prepared and characterized modified carbon paste electrode demonstrated a linear current response over the concentration range between 0.01μM and 80.0μM ACZ, with a detection limit of 7.1nM. The proposed sensor exhibited a high sensitivity and good selectivity and was applied for clinical evaluation of ACZ. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This work describes a novel type of working electrode for use in voltammetry methods. Graphene is ideally suited for implementation in electrochemical applications due to its reported large electrical conductivity, large surface area, unique heterogeneous electron transfer rate, and low production costs. This paper presents a method for the construction of graphene paste electrode (GPE) from graphene. The GPE is not needed to be modified, because the surface of graphene is functionalized. Direct electrochemical detection of drug is of high importance in analytical chemistry. Here, the GPE was successfully used for the determination of chlorpromazine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]