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Accumulation of leachate at municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills is a significant environmental problem. The analysis of known technologies of leachate treatment was performed. It was established that it is not effective to use the same technology to treat leachate in two different periods: before the landfill closure and reclamation process as well as afterwards. The application of integrated two-stage aerobic-reagent pre-treatment technology with subsequent full treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants was proposed for these purposes. The results of laboratory studies of optimal parameters of technology realization for the pre-treatment of Lviv MSW landfill leachate were presented. Recommendations for the practical implementation of the combined two-stage aerobic-reagent technology for the landfill leachate pre-treatment were developed.

Monitoring studies were carried out on the territory of the Lviv wastewater treatment plants. The volumes of accumulated stocks of the sludge site were determined, its qualitative and quantitative indicators were identified, and the presence of limiting factors was established. Based on the obtained data, 2-D models characterizing the vertical and horizontal accumulation of elements were created. Bioindication studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of using sewage sludge as a growth substrate. Modeling was performed to determine the potential area of reclaimed land

The paper presents the results of research to assess the degree of transformation of forest ecosystems in the area of influence of the Zhytomyr landfill (Ukraine) - one of the typical Ukrainian landfills, which is operated with minimal implementation of environmental protection measures. The study was conducted to identify the relationship between the condition of plantations and the functioning of municipal solid waste landfills. In the study of the estimation of the transformation degree of forest ecosystems in the area of influence of the municipal solid waste landfill in Zhytomyr, it was established that in the studied areas there was a decrease in bonitet by I-II classes, completeness by 0.1-0.2 units, growth by 13-35% in comparison with background values. On the basis of the research of the condition of pine plantations by categories of vital activity of trees the integral indicator was calculated – the index of the condition of forest stands, which characterizes the degree of their damage in the event of aerial pollution of soil and groundwater. It was determined that the maximum values of the index of forest stands condition were observed in the area closest to the landfill (2.88 units), ie, these are severely weakened stands, the minimum in the control (1.28). Based on the results of the studies, it was established that Scots pine is a convenient and acceptable bioindicator for assessing the state of the environment in the area of influence of municipal landfills provided that its distribution is uniform on the territory and it is available for research. The sanitary condition of pine plantations deteriorates with the approach to the source of pollution. According to the established indices of the condition of pine plantations, a regression analysis was performed and a mathematical dependence was determined, which most accurately describes the change of these indicators with the distance from the landfill boundary. The approach used for bioindication studies of conifers can be recommended for implementation in practice as a method for assessing the transformation of the environment in the area of influence of municipal solid waste landfills.

The paper presents the results of research on the implementation of monitoring of the landfills influence on the atmospheric air using bioindication methods on the example of the Zhytomyr landfill (Ukraine) - one of the typical Ukrainian landfills, which is operated with minimal environmental protection measures. A comprehensive study of atmospheric air pollution in the landfill area was carried out using a human sensor system and an integral assessment using bioindication (lichens were chosen as bioindicators). The study revealed a reliable exponential dependence for modeling the relationship between the distance from the source of gas formation (solid waste landfill in the city of Zhytomyr) and the intensity of odor. The level of atmospheric air pollution was also determined based on the assessment of the projective coverage of the tree trunk with lichens. The research revealed an exponential dependence for modeling the relationship between the distance from the landfill boundary and the total coverage of the tree trunk with lichens. The results of the analysis confirmed the correctness of the use of the aforementioned method. The relationship between the results obtained by the lichen indication method and the strength of the odor from the landfill was evaluated. Based on the results of calculating the relative values of the assessment of atmospheric air pollution by the method of coverage of the tree trunk with lichens and the strength of the odor, a regression analysis was carried out and mathematical relationships were determined, that most accurately describe the change in these indicators with distance from the landfill boundary. It is proved that both tested methods can be used in Ukrainian realities to monitor the state of atmospheric air in the area of influence of municipal landfills, depending on the purpose of research. The analysis of the research results confirmed the significance of the results of the obtained assessment of the impact of the Zhytomyr solid waste landfill on the state of atmospheric air. The materials of these studies can find further application for the formation of databases of knowledge of landfills, which will allow to develop a strategy for managing them as an object of increased environmental hazard.

An impact of poultry farms on the environment caused by ammonia emission from chicken manure has been studied. A negative impact minimisation method by adding natural sorbents to the bedding composition has been proposed. The optimum natural adsorbents compositions (clinoptilolite and palygorskite) for adding to the bedding as well as the optimum mixture ratio of these adsorbents to chicken manure mass have been determined. The optimum conditions for obtaining granulated organic-mineral fertiliser of prolonged action based on this composition have been studied. In the result of the research data analysis a technological scheme for organic-mineral fertiliser production based on chicken manure and a mixture of natural adsorbents have been proposed.

The study of the composting process is a very urgent task. The rapid growth in food production leads to the formation of waste, which should be safely disposed of in a natural way – composting. Composting the vegetable component of food waste can significantly reduce the proportion of waste falling into landfills and utilize the food waste from the hotel and restaurant industry. Additional enrichment of the compost mixture of food waste with the «Baikal EM» microbiological additive accelerates the maturation process and enhances the efficiency of the finished compost. Such compost does not contain viable weed seeds or pathogenic microflora and can be used as a fertilizer. In contrast to the control, a sufficient level of germination index is observed for the studied samples and they are not phytotoxic. The finished compost can be used as a fertilizer in agriculture for growing crops. The results obtained indicate that the index of germination of radish seeds increases along with the duration of fermentation of the composted mixture. Communities of microorganisms contained in the «Baikal EM» additive accelerate the natural process of composting, taking an active part in the destruction of the components of the vegetable mixture. The pH value of the finished compost, both under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions, is close to neutral indicators. High values of CO2 emissions from reactors were recorded in the second week under thermophilic and for 3 weeks under mesophilic conditions. The finished compost that fermented under thermophilic and mesophilic conditions can be used as fertilizer, but considering that additional energy is required to create thermophilic conditions, it is advisable to compost the food waste mixture with the addition of the microbiological additive «Baikal EM» under mesophilic conditions.

The prospects of using sewage sludge from Lviv wastewater treatment plants for biological reclamation have been assessed. Based on the results of the monitoring of determining the qualitative and quantitative composition of sewage sludge accumulated in silt fields, the dependences of the distribution of sanitary-microbiological and ecological-chemical characteristics of the accumulated sludge are constructed. Agroecological laboratory researches of an estimation of possibility of use of sewage sludge in a mix with natural sorbents as a substrate for cultivation of plants are carried out.

The world's growing population and, as a result, higher consumption of goods and services have led to a rapid increase in municipal solid waste. This situation creates serious environmental problems that require clear strategies for managing this waste. Improving the efficiency of recycling to restore quality materials, saving resources and maintaining waste in landfills are among the most pressing problems of our time. The article considers the existing methods of solid waste management in order to select the most optimal waste management system in the context of sustainable development.

The study, using a survey, found social attitudes towards the separate collection and problematic issues that may hinder its implementation. It was found that most respondents are not familiar with the possibilities of waste composting at home, and residents of multi-storey buildings generally consider composting at home in the kitchen inexpedient. The paper identified the causes of ignorance of the population on household composting conditions. The paper presents the scientific results of the popularization of composting with microbiological additives at home among the population. The study aimed to develop a practical, effective model for the management of the bioorganic component of municipal solid waste, which minimizes the impact of waste on the environment and maximizes resource potential by organizing composting organic waste at home. Based on the research data, recommendations for the population of Zhytomyr on composting household waste have been developed. They explain in detail the mechanism of composting at home and outline the benefits of such composting. The obtained results are practical, they can be used for explanatory work among the population and the development of recommendations on separate waste collecting and composting of the organic part of household waste in domestic conditions.

The purpose of the research was to rise the level of environmental safety in the coal mining regions by using combustion metamorphic rocks of the spoil banks, which were reinforced with the modified wastes of the polymer production, namely carbonous binders, as a man-made raw material for the base courses of roads. The environmentally friendly technology of the construction of the base course of roads from layers of combustion metamorphic rock mixtures (CMRM) with different largest granule size of crushed stone has been developed. The bulk density and compressive strength in a cylinder on a hydraulic press were used as the criteria for determining the rational granulometric composition. The practicability of reinforcing combustion metamorphic rocks with coal tar, which is a modified waste of the polystyrene production - polystyrene dust has been shown. The technology of preparation of the tar and polystyrene binder (TPB) has been developed. The optimal concentration of polystyrene dust in the organic binder of the coke production and the time of their combination (as the optimal areas of admissible values of variation factors X1, X2, X3) were determined using the method of mathematical planning of the three-factor experiment (5 optimization parameters). The coefficients of the regression equations have been calculated using the least squares method. Regression equations are a second-degree polynomial. The three-dimensional diagrams "parameters of system optimization - variance factors" have been calculated and drawn. In accordance with the obtained regression equations, the response surface has been designed in a three-dimensional space. The areas of admissible values of optimal variance factors correspond to the limit values of the response functions.

The research of physical and chemical properties of landfill leachates and migration of its hazardous components into hydrosphere and biosphere is a current problem in the global context. The object of the research is landscape-changing factors of the Lviv municipal landfill (Ukraine). It was defined that the biggest part of oil products accumulates in the leachates at the south-western side of the landfill (23.6 mg/dm3) and it is 2.36 times higher than the value of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) (10 mg/ dm3); the most salted leachates with chlorides and sulfites are those accumulating at the foot and at the northwestern side; phosphates content of the investigated samples of the leachates was the highest at the foot of the landfill and it was 12.8 mg/dm3, which exceeds the MPC (10 mg/dm3) by 1.28 times; high concentration of ammonium nitride was discovered in the leachates at the foot (76.1 mg/dm3) and at the northwestern side (46.3 mg/dm3), which exceeds the MPC (30 mg/dm3) by 2.53 and 1.54 times, accordingly; the highest indicators of total iron are typical for basins nearby (at the foot - 68.2 mg/dm3, at the northwestern side – 56.3 mg/dm3) and exceed the MPC norms (2.5 mg/dm3) by 27.28 and 22.52 times, respectively. According to certain indicators, the content of hazardous components in the leachates, which accumulate at the foot and at the northwestern side, exceeds the MPC and is several times higher than in the natural basins at the distance of 800 and 1200 m.

Waste (tailings) of mining and processing plants of Kryvbas were studied by the stages of their magnetic enrichment. The granulometric compositions of the tailings, the amount of iron (total and magnetic) and the mass fraction of solid in them are determined. The expediency of disposing of ferruginous quartzite waste at the first stage of enrichment as a silica component in cellular concretes is proved. Optimal compositions of aerated concrete mixtures are determined based on the following criteria: the average density of cellular concrete in the dry state and its compressive strength.

In the conditions of constant deterioration of the environment, municipal solid waste management (MSW) in Ukraine remains one of the most pressing challenges in environmental safety because of its significant accumulation in landfills and the lack of effective mechanisms for its disposal. Approximately 40- 50% of municipal solid waste is organic, so the removal of this part of waste from landfills through composting and conversion of waste into secondary material resources will significantly reduce the environmental load on existing and potentially planned landfills. Therefore, the choice of promising technologies for the disposal of organic waste is one of the major tasks to ensure environmental safety. One of the effective strategies for dealing with excessive amounts of organic waste and one of the best and most affordable technologies for the waste recycling system is composting.

The gross emission of harmful substances (dust) while unloading the smelter slag of PJSC “Mariupol Iron and Steel Works” into the waste heaps from the dump truck body and during their storage was calculated. The expediency of restoration of blast furnace slag as a siliceous component in cellular concrete was proved. The optimal compositions of cellular concrete mixtures (including the addition of TLS plasticizer – technical lignosulfonate) were determined based on the following criteria: average density of cellular concrete in the dry state and its compressive strength.

The two-stage technology of treatment of the leachates of the municipal solid waste (MSW) dumps in aerated lagoons and at municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) has been studied. The study objective was to develop a technology that can be implemented at existing MSW dumps and landfills. Static and dynamic modes of implementation of both stages of the technology were investigated on the model units. Static 16-day mode was experimentally studied in the aerated lagoon conditions. As a result, we have managed to achieve almost a 2-fold reduction of COD and more than a 3-fold decrease in concentration of ammonium ions. Dynamic mode studies have established that the optimal time of leachate staying in the reactor was 10 days. Change of the relative concentration of ammonium nitrogen in the leachate largely depends on the process temperature, so in real conditions, it is necessary to adjust the modes of realization of the individual stages depending on the ambient temperature. It has been established that for treatment of leachate at municipal WWTP in a static mode at the value of the ratio of leachate dilution with municipal sewage of 1:1000, the maximum effect of treatment of both from ammonium ions and COD was achieved. The study of leachate treatment at municipal WWTP in a dynamic mode has confirmed stability of maintaining the treatment indicators in time. By implementation of the two-stage technology of leachate treatment, it will be possible to minimize environmental hazard from surface and ground water contamination in the zone of influence of MSW dumps and landfills

The concept of an open-type biological conveyor has been developed that can be used to treat contaminated wastewater. Unlike the closed biological conveyor method, it is characterized by the organized periodic selection of biomass used for biogas production. The typical scheme of an open-type bioconveyor consisting of an anaerobic bioreactor zone, an aerobic bioreactor zone, a biogas reactor zone and a phyto reactor zone is presented. The rational scheme of the biological conveyor of the open type setup for landfill filtrate purification is introduced. Laboratory studies have been conducted to determine the effectiveness of the use of nozzles for the immobilization of microbiocenosis in aerated lagoons used for landfill leachate purification.

The results of long­term research of various ways and methods of collection and processing of blue­green algae that cause “bloom” of the Dnieper reservoirs were presented. The possibility and feasibility of the blue­green algae biomass processing to biogas by methanogenesis were substantiated. It was found experimentally that preliminary mechanical cavitation of the blue­green algae biomass increases the biogas yield by 21.5 %. It was determined that the biogas produced contains up to 72 % of methane and hydrogen, up to 21 % of carbon dioxide, up to 6.5 % of molecular nitrogen. Oxygen, carbon oxide (II), hydrogen sulfide and other impurities constitute up to 2 % of the biogas volume. Biotesting of the spent substrate to determine its toxicity for further use as a biofertilizer in agriculture and forestry was held. Modern methods of electron microscopy found that the average diameter of cells of blue­green algae Microcystis aeruginosa is 3.14 microns. The flow diagram of the blue­green algae biomass complex processing was proposed. It consists in removal of valuable components for medicine, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, production of technical detergents, mixtures of aliphatic alcohols as biofuels or additives to gasoline. Thus, it is possible to obtain more biogas by involving the spent activated sludge from sewage treatment facilities in methanogenesis. This will improve the treatment quality of wastewater of various productions. The similarity of the nutritional value of the blue­green algae spent substrate to the green biomass of plants in terms of the elemental composition was experimentally proved. The environmental, energy saving and agricultural efficiency of the cyanogen biomass use was proved., Приведены результаты многолетних исследований различных способов и методов сбора и переработки сине-зеленых водорослей, вызывающих «цветение» днепровских водохранилищ (Украина). Обоснована возможность и целесообразность переработки биомассы сине-зелёных водорослей в биогаз путем метаногенеза. Экспериментально установлена динамика образования биогаза, его качественный состав и количественные характеристики. Проведено биотестирование отработанного субстрата на установление его токсичности для дальнейшего использования в качестве биоудобрения в сельском хозяйстве, Наведено результати багаторічних досліджень різноманітних способів і методів збору і переробки синьо-зелених водоростей, що викликають «цвітіння» дніпровських водосховищ. Обґрунтовано можливість і доцільність переробки біомаси синьо-зелених водоростей на біогаз шляхом метаногенезу. Експериментально встановлено динаміку утворення біогазу, його якісний склад і кількісні характеристики. Проведено біотестування відпрацьованого субстрату на визначення його токсичності задля подальшого застосування як біодобрива у сільському господарстві

Досліджено вплив вмісту природних та антропогенних забруднювачів – потенційно кислих органічних речовин, синтетичних поверхнево активних речовин та нафтопродуктів у воді, яка піддається знесоленню, на працездатність йонітів КУ-2-8 та шляхи мінімізації цього негативного впливу. Показано, що мінімізація впливу цих речовин на активність катіоніту КУ-2-8 можлива реагентним методом – внаслідок додаткового очищення води перед подачею на катіонітні фільтри або періодичною регенерацією йоніту реагентом, який екстрагує кольматовані забруднювачі на поверхні. Досліджена ефективність засто- сування для очищення води від емульсованих нафтопродуктів природних та модифікованих сорбентів. The effect of the content of natural and anthropogenic pollutants (potentially acidic organic substances, synthetic surfactants and petroleum products in water, which is exposed to desalting) on the efficiency of КU-2-8 ion exchangers has been studied. To minimize this negative influence the reagent method was used. Different natural and modified sorbents have been investigated for additional purification of water before filtration on cation-exchange filters or periodic regeneration of ion exchangers by the studied reagents.

In this study, a new technology of nitrogen removal from mainstream municipal wastewater is proposed. It is based on ammonium removal by ion exchange and regeneration of ion exchange material with 10–30 g/L NaCl solution with further nitrogen removal from spent regenerant by partial nitritation/Anammox process. Influence of regenerant strength on performance of ion exchange and biological parts of the proposed technology was evaluated. Moreover, the technology was tested in batch mode using pretreated municipal wastewater, strong acid cation (SAC) resin and partial nitritation/Anammox biomass. It was shown that with ion exchange it is possible to remove 99.9% of ammonium from wastewater while increasing the concentration of ammonium in spent regenerant by 18 times. Up to 95% of nitrogen from spent regenerant, produced by regeneration of SAC resin with 10 g/L NaCl solution, was removed biologically by partial nitritation/Anammox biomass. Moreover, the possibilities of integration of the technology into municipal wastewater treatment technology, and the challenges and advantages are discussed.

This article deals with the problem of man-made waste utilisation, namely, sewage sludge after the biological treatment stage. The current states of the problem in Ukraine and possible ways of its solution are analysed. The connection of research topics with the National Waste Management Strategy of Ukraine is shown. Critical analysis of sewage sludge utilisation technologies was performed. It is proposed to create a growth substrate as an inexpensive and effective alternative to utilise wastes with organic components. The composition of the growth substrate was selected to ensure its functional properties and low cost. The growth substrate was tested using bioindication and further modified by the addition of natural sorbents. The perspectives of the developed innovative technology for biological reclamation of disturbed lands and perspective directions of new researches are considered.